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On this Day in History ... 19th January

19 Jan is in January.

1154 Coronation of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

1344 Creation of the Order of the Garter

1396 Marriage of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence

1419 Surrender of Rouen

1454 Henry VI's First Illness

1547 Execution of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey

1661 Execution of the Fifth Monarchists

1671 Raid on Panama

1715 Battle of Preston

1729 Exchange of the Princesses

1770 Battle of Golden Hill

1862 Battle of Mill Springs

1883 First Electric Lighting

1915 Bombing of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn

1917 Silvertown Explosion

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 19th January

On 19th January 914 García I King Leon (age 43) died. His brother Ordoño (age 41) succeeded II King Leon.

Annals of Six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet [1258-1328]. On the Sunday before the Nativity of the Lord, which fell on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of January [19th January 1154], Henry the duke was anointed king at Westminster by Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury; and in the presence of Hugh, archbishop of Rouen, with three of his suffragans, Roger, archbishop of York, with the other bishops of England, and also Count Thierry of Flanders together with the counts and nobles of the English realm, he was solemnly crowned. He was then in the twenty-second year of his age. The elegance of his bodily appearance and the refinement of his character are described by Peter of Blois, archdeacon of Bath, in a certain letter to Walter, archbishop of Palermo, in the following words: "Of David it is read, in praise of his beauty, that 'he was ruddy.'"1

Dominica vero ante Nativitatem Domini, quæ fuit decimo quarto cal. Januarii, apud Westmonasterium a Cantuariensi archiepiscopo Theobaldo Henricus dux in regem inungitur, et, præsentibus arcbiepiscopis Hugone Rothomagensi cum tribus suffraganeis, Rogero Eboracensi cum ceteris episcopis Angliæ, ac Theodorico comite Flandrensi cum comitibus et proceribus Anglicani regni, solemniter coronatur; ætatis autem suæ anuum vicesimum secundum agebat; cujus peteror formæ elegantiam, morumque compositionem, Petrus Blesensis, Bathoniensis archidiaconus, in epistola quadam ad Walterum, Panormitanum archiepiscopum, sic describit: 'De David legitur, ad commendationem decoris ejus, quoniam rufus erat.'

Note 1. Letter of Peter of Blois, who appears to have come over to England about 1169 or 1170, and was afterwards for many years in habits of daily and intimate intercourse with the king as his private secretary. The letter has no date, but appears to have been written about the year 1180: "Of David it is read, in praise of his beauty, that he was ruddy. And you have known our lord the king to have been fair-ruddy until now, except that venerable old age and advancing grayness have somewhat altered that complexion."

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Adam Murimuth Continuation. In this year [1344], the Lord King ordered that the most noble tournament or chivalric contest be held at the place of his birth, namely, Windsor Castle, on the 19th of January, that is, the 14th day before the Kalends of February. He had it publicly proclaimed at an appropriate earlier time, both across the sea and in England. He also had all the ladies of the southern parts of England and the wives of the London burgesses invited by letter. So, on Sunday, the 14th day before the Kalends of February [19th January], when the earls, barons, knights, and a great many noble ladies had gathered at the castle, the king held a magnificent feast— such that the great hall of the castle was completely filled with ladies, and no man was among them, except two knights from France who had come solely for the celebration. At that feast were two queens, nine countesses, and the wives of barons, knights, and burgesses, whose numbers could hardly be counted. The king himself personally placed each woman in her seat according to rank. Meanwhile, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cornwall, the earls, barons, and knights, together with the common people, dined in tents and other locations, where food and all necessities were provided—freely and without complaint. In the evening, there were various dances and revels, solemnly arranged. For the three days following, the king, along with nineteen other knights, held the tournament against all challengers from outside. And the king himself, not because of royal favor, but because of the great effort he made and the fortune he had during those three days, was awarded the prize among the English participants. Among the foreign challengers, on the first day, Sir Miles de Stapleton (age 24), the second day, Sir Philip Despenser, the third day, Sir John Blount (age 46) were each honored for their performances. On the Thursday following, during the squires' tournament, the king held a great banquet, at which he inaugurated his Round Table, and took the oaths of certain earls, barons, and knights whom he wished to include under a specific form associated with that Round Table. He then set the next meeting of the Round Table to be held at the feast of Pentecost, and gave all those present leave to return home, with thanks and blessings. Later, he ordered that a magnificent building be constructed at Windsor, in which the Round Table could be held on the assigned date. To that end, he appointed masons, carpenters, and other craftsmen, and commanded that timber and stone be provided—sparing no labor or expense. However, this work was later abandoned, for certain reasons.

Hoc anno ordinavit dominus rex habere nobilissima hastiludia sive tirocinium in loco nativitatis suse, videlicet in castro de Wyndesore, die videlicet Januarii XIX et XIIIJ kalendas Februarii, quæ competenti temore præcedenti fecit tam in partibus transmarinis quam in Anglia publice proclamari. Ad que etiam fecit omnes dominas australium partium Angliæ et uxores burgensium Londoniensium per suas literas invitari. Congregatis igitur comitibus, baronibus, militibus, et quam plurimis dominabus die Dominica, videlicet XIIJ kalendas Februarii, in castro prædicto, fecit rex solempne convivium, ita quod magna aula ipsius castri plena exstitit dominabus, nec fuit aliquis masculus inter eas, præter duos milites qui soli de Francia ad solempnitatem hujusmodi accesserunt. In quo convivio fuerunt dus reginæ, IX comitissæ, uxores baronum, militum, et burgensium, qua non potueruunt faciliter numerari, quas rex ipse personaliter in locis suis secundum ordinem collocavit. Princeps vero Wallis, dux Cornubiæ, comites, barones, et milites, una cum toto populo in tentorio et locis aliis comederunt, ubi fuerunt cibaria et omnia alia necessaria præparata et omnibus liberaliter et sine murmure liberata; et in sero choreæ et tripudia diversa 'solempniter ordinata. Et tribus diebus sequentibus rex cum aliis decem et novem militibus tenuit hastiludia contra omnes ab extrinseco venientes; et idem dominus, non propter favorem regium, sed propter magnum laborem quem sustinuit et propter fortunam quam dicto triduo habuit, inter intrinsecos gratias reportavit, Extrinsecus vero dominus miles de Stapeltona primo die, dominus Philippus Despenser secundo die, dominus Johannes Blount tertio die, gratias reportarunt. Die vero Jovis sequente post hastiludia domicellorum, dominus rex fecit cenam magnam in qua suam rotundam tabulam inchoavit, et juramenta quorumdam comitum et baronum et militum quos voluit esse de dicta tabula rotunda recepit sub certa forma ad dictam rotundam tabulam pertinente; et præfixit diem rotundese tabule tenendæ ibidem in festo Pentecostes proxime tunc futuro, et omnibus præsentibus dedit licentiam cum gratiarum actionibus ad propria remeandi. Ordinavit etiam postea quod ibidem fieret una nobilissima domus, in qua posset dicta rotunda tabula teneri in termino assignato; ad quam faciendam, cæmentarios et carpentarios ceterosque artifices deputavit, et tam ligna quam lapides provideri præcepit, non parcendo laboribus vel expensis. A quo opere fuit postea ex certis causis cessatum.

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Chronica Majora by Matthew Paris. On the 19th of January the king went to Westminster, where an extra-ordinary solemnity took place on the following day, which was Sunday, at which the king wore his crown and Eleanor was crowned queen. Thus was Henry the Third married at Canterbury, and the nuptials were celebrated in London, at Westminster, on the feast of St. Fabian and St. Sebastian.

On 19th January 1419 Rouen, France [Map] surrendered to King Henry V of England (age 32) after a sirge of six months.

Alain Blanchard, who had hanged English prisoners from the walls, was summarily executed.

Paston Letters Volume 2 235. 19th January 1454. 2.235. Newsletter Of John Stodeley1.

As touchyng tythynges, please it you to wite that at the Princes2 comyng to Wyndesore, the Duc of Buk' (age 51) toke hym in his armes and presented hym to the Kyng in godely wise, besechyng the Kyng to blisse hym; and the Kyng yave no maner answere. Natheless the Duk abode stille with the Prince by the Kyng; and whan he coude no maner answere have, the Queene come in, and toke the Prince in hir armes and presented hym in like forme as the Duke had done, desiryng that he shuld blisse it; but alle their labour was in veyne, for they departed thens without any answere or countenaunce savyng only that ones he loked on the Prince and caste doune his eyene ayen, without any more.

Item, the Cardinalle (age 74)3 hathe charged and commaunded alle his servauntz to be redy with bowe and arwes, swerd and bokeler, crossebowes, and alle other habillementes of werre, suche as thei kun medle with to awaite upon the saufgarde of his persone.

Item, th'erle of Wiltshire (age 33)4 and the Lord Bonvile (age 61) have done to be cryed at Taunton in Somerset shire, that every man that is likly and wole go with theym and serve theym, shalle have vjd. every day as long as he abidethe with theym.

Item, the Duk of Excestre (age 23)5 in his owne persone hathe ben at Tuxforthe beside Dancastre, in the north contree, and there the Lord Egremond (age 31)6 mette hym, and thei ij. ben sworne togider, and the Duke is come home agein.

Item, th'erle of Wiltshire, the Lord Beaumont, Ponynges, Clyfford, Egremond, and Bonvyle, maken all the puissance they kan and may to come hider with theym.

Item, Thorpe7 of th'escheker articuleth fast ayenst the Duke of York, but what his articles ben it is yit unknowen.

Item, Tresham (age 34)8, Josep9, Danyelle10, and Trevilian11 have made a bille to the Lordes, desiryng to have a garisone kept at Wyndesore for the saufgarde of the Kyng and of the Prince, and that they may have money for wages of theym and other that shulle kepe the garyson.

Item, the Duc of Buk' hathe do to be made Ml. Ml. [2000] bendes with knottes, to what entent men may construe as their wittes wole yeve theym.

Item, the Duke of Somersetes herbergeour hath taken up all the loggyng that may be goten nere the Toure, in Thamystrete, Martlane, Seint Katerines, Tourehille, and there aboute.

Item, the Queene hathe made a bille of five articles, desiryng those articles to be graunted; wherof the first is that she desireth to have the hole reule of this land; the second is that she may make the Chaunceller, the Tresorere, the Prive Seelle, and alle other officers of this land, with shireves and alle other officers that the Kyng shuld make; the third is, that she may yeve alle the bisshopriches of this land, and alle other benefices longyng to the Kynges yift; the iiijth is that she may have suffisant lyvelode assigned hir for the Kyng and the Prince and hir self. But as for the vth article, I kan nat yit knowe what it is.

Note 1. [Egerton MS. 914, B.M.] There is no evidence that this letter had anything to do with the Paston correspondence, but as a very interesting political letter of the period we have thought it right to give it a place in the collection. The date is quite certain, being after the birth of Prince Edward in October 1453, and before the death of Cardinal Kemp in March 1454.

Note 2. Edward, only son of Henry VI. (age 32), born 13th October 1453.

Note 3. John Kemp, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury.

Note 4. James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond.

Note 5. Henry Holland.

Note 6. Thomas Percy, third son of Henry, Earl of Northumberland (age 60).

Note 7. Thomas Thorpe, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, who was also Speaker of the House of Commons, but was at this time imprisoned in the Fleet in consequence of an action brought against him by the Duke of York.—(See Rolls of Parl. v. 239.)

Note 8. Thomas Tresham, who as 'Sir Thomas Tresham, Knight,' was attainted under Edward IV. for fighting on the Lancastrian side at Towton, but his attainder was afterwards reversed in Parliament 7 and 8 Edw. IV., on the ground that he was a household servant of Henry VI. and had been brought up in his service from a child.—Rolls of Parl. v. 616–617.

Note 9. William Joseph, who, with Thorpe, was frequently accused by the Yorkists of misleading the King.—Rolls of Parl. v. 280, 282, 332, 342.

Note 10. Thomas Daniel, Esq.—See p. 255, Note 2.

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Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1535. 19th January 1535. R. O. 66. John Husee to Lady Lisle (age 41).

I received by Godealle your letter and £5 in money, both which I have delivered to Mr. Sulyard and master Densill, who have both promised to do what they can for Mr. Basset when he comes hither. They say no discreeter "creanser" can be found for him in all that Inn than Mr. Lane, who will be in chamber with him. At his coming Smythe and I will solicit with him for that cause, and at Mr. Bassett's coming I will see to everything; but I should have esteemed it all the greater favour if you had wished me to ride down and accompany him up to London. I will inquire for a gentlewoman and woman's tailor for you. I sent you the Queen's New Year's gift by Lacy. I hope ere long you shall have a good end in Mr. Saymer's (age 35) matter, if Mr. Secretary will do as he saith. I send you a bill of prices of the grocery and spices you write for. The Portingalle will not sell such small portions. I wish I could tell you my mind, but I cannot write it all. I find no man good to me indeed in my Lord's suits but Mr. Norres, whom I find always one manner man. "And by my faith I cannot see the contrary, but Mr. Secretary beareth my Lord good mind and heart." I cannot yet obtain Mr. Gaynsford's letter, but there is no fear but he shall have it. I have been with Mr. Norres for Mr. Staynyng's place, who has done all he can for your Ladyship's sake. London, 19 Jan. 1534.

Hol., pp. 2.

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1535. 19th January 1535. R. O. 65. John Husee to Lord Lisle (age 70).

Wrote by Lacy of all things till that day requisite. Mr. Secretary has since promised that I should be despatched of the money to be bestowed for Hacket's obsequies, but he has not yet delivered it. He has also promised that the toll shall be freed for the inhabitants of Marke and Oye, and the low countries there, but I can get no final answer. Mr. Semer (age 35) sealed his obligation on Sunday last, and Mr. Secretary says he will make a good end. If you send the mule as she is you will have no further charge. Sends "by Philip Crayers, master of his ship Robert Johnson," Mr. James's saddle, with stirrups, girths, bridle without bit, peytrell and crupper. Pyckering has good comfort of Mr. Norres. London, 19 Jan. 1534.

Hol., p. 1. Add. Endd.

On 19th January 1544 Francis II King France King Consort Scotland was born to King Henry II of France (age 24) and Catherine Medici Queen Consort France (age 24). He married 24th April 1558 his third cousin Mary Queen of Scots, daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland.

On 19th January 1547 Henry Howard Earl of Surrey (age 31) was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham [Map]. He had foolishly added the arms of Edward the Confessor to his own arms. He was charged with treasonably quartering the royal arms. His father survived sentence since the King died the day before it was due to take place.

Chronicle of Edward Hall [1496-1548]. In January [19th] were attaynted of hygh treason, Thomas duke of Norfolke, and Henry his sonne erle of Surrey (age 31) which erle was behedded at the Tower Hill.

The History of England under Henry VIII 1546. 19th January 1547. Whereupon also judgment of death was given, and he beheaded at Tower-Hill. And thus ended the earl [Henry Howard Earl of Surrey (age 31)]; a man learned, and of an excellent wit, as his compositions shew.

Spanish Chronicle Chapter 54. In short, they brought him [Henry Howard Earl of Surrey (age 31)] out and beheaded him next day [19th January 1547]; and on the scaffold he spoke a great deal, but said he never meant to commit treason. They would not let him talk any more, and after he was beheaded they buried him in Barking Chapel. The King ordered them to spare the father, who remained in the Tower until his death, and the King took possession of of the dukedom of Norfolk. It was ordered that the father should not be informed of his son's death, but he got to know of it afterwards; and the younger son was given leave to go in and talk to his father whenever he liked, one pound sterling a day being allowed to the Duke for his expenses by the King. This Duke certainly rendered very great services to the King, and his imprisonment was a great misfortune for the kingdom, for if he had remained in prosperity he would never have consented to so many heresies as there are now-a-days in the country. So we will talk no more about them, but recount what else happened.

Diary of Edward VI. 19th January 1550. Mr. Paget2 surrendring his controllership, Was made lord Paget of Beaudesert, and cited into the hier house by a writte of parliement.

Note 2. "The 19 of January sir John Russell (age 65), lord privie seale, was created Earl of Bedford; William Paulet (age 67), lord Saint John, lord great master, was created earle of Wiltshire; and sir William Paget (age 44), comptroller of the King's house, was made lord Paget." Stowe's Chronicle.

On 19th January 1589 John Radclyffe of Ordsall Hall (age 53) died at Ordsall Hall, Lancashire [Map]. On 11th February 1589 he was buried in Manchester Church [Map].

Diary of Anne Clifford. 19th January 1617. Upon the 19th my Lord (age 27) and I went to the Court in the morning thinking the Queen would have gone to the Chapel but she did not, so my Lady Ruthven and I and many others stood in the Closet to hear the sermon. I dined with my Lady Ruthven. Presently after dinner she and I went up to the Drawing Chamber where my Lady D., my Lady Montgomery, my Lord Burleigh, persuaded me to refer these businesses to the King. About 6 o'clock my Lord came for me so he and I and Lady St. John went home in her coach. This night the Masque was danced at the Court but I would not stay to see it because I had seen it already.

Diary of Anne Clifford. 19th January 1619. The 19th my Lady Verulam came, my Lord (age 29) and Lady Cavendish, her Lady, my Lord Bruce, his Sister, and much other company, my Lady Herbert, my old Lady Donne, my young Lady Donne, with whom I had much talk about religion.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

Letters of John Chamberlain Volume 2.315. [19th January 1622] The Marquis Buckingam (age 29) hath contracted with the Lord (age 78) and Lady Wallingford (age 39) for their house neere White-hall, for some monie, and the making of Sir Thomas Howard baron of Charleton and Vicount Andover (age 34), and some thincke the deliverie of the Lord of Somerset (age 35) and his Lady (age 31) out of the Towre was part of the bargain. I heare they came out severally on Thursday in the evening and lay that night at Northampton House. Then they are to go to Master Gibbes by Otelands, and so to Grayes a house of the Lord of Wallingfords in Oxfordshire where they are to continue.

Letters of John Chamberlain Volume 2.315. [19th January 1622] Sir Thomas Wentworth (age 28) of Yorkeshire is saide to be lately made Vicount Rabie, but on what conditions I know not. Here is speach of divers other Lords to be made out of hand, and the Lord Treasurer with the Lord Digbie (age 41) to be created earles. The archbishop of Yorke is reported once more to be dead. Sir Henry Savile (age 72) is here in towne so far gon of the scorbut that some doubt he will hardly recover. Master Nicolas Hare that was at Padoua died here the last weeke and made Captain John Harvie his executor, which is saide to be three or fowre thousand pound in his way: he requested me two dayes since to intreat your Lordship for a copie of the picture you have of Master Hare, and that yt may be drawne by Michaell Jansen or some other goode hand, for that he meanes to make some monument wherin he shall have use of yt; the sooner you please to favour him in yt the better welcome yt wilbe. I understand him alwayes en payant. Your cousen Lytton (age 35) hath at last remembred himself and sent me the monie. So with the remembrance of my best service to my goode Lady I commend you to the protection of the Almighty. From London this 19th of January 1622.

Your Lordships most assuredly at commaund

John Chamberlain (age 69).

To the right honorable Sir Dudley Carleton knight Lord Ambassador for his Majestie with the States of the United Provinces at the Hagh.

Autobiography Simon D'Ewes. ... for on Sunday, January the 19th, towards the evening, it flowed three several times in five hours: and during the same time in divers places not far distant from each other, it ebbed one way and flowed anotber; and the next day flowed twice and ebbed thrice in three hours. I spake with some of the ancient watermen about it, and they affirmed the like had never happened in their memories, but a little before the rising of Robert D'Evereux, Earl of Essex, towards the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's reign.

On 19th January 1636 Marcus Gheeraerts (age 74) died.

On 19th January 1655 John The Younger Evelyn was born to John Evelyn (age 34) and Mary Browne (age 20). He married 24th February 1680 Martha Spencer and had issue.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1660. Thursday. This morning I was sent for to Mr Downing (age 35), and at his bed side he told me, that he had a kindness for me, and that he thought that he had done me one; and that was, that he had got me to be one of the Clerks of the Council; at which I was a little stumbled, and could not tell what to do, whether to thank him or no; but by and by I did; but not very heartily, for I feared that his doing of it was but only to ease himself of the salary which he gives me. After that Mr. Sheply staying below all this time for me we went thence and met Mr. Pierce, so at the Harp and Ball drank our morning draft and so to Whitehall where I met with Sir Ant. Cooper (age 38) and did give him some answer from my Lord and he did give us leave to keep the lodgings still. And so we did determine thereupon that Mr. Sheply might now go into the country and would do so to-morrow. Back I went by Mr Downing's order and staid there till twelve o'clock in expectation of one to come to read some writings, but he came not, so I staid all alone reading the answer of the Dutch Ambassador to our State, in answer to the reasons of my Lord's (age 34) coming home, which he gave for his coming, and did labour herein to contradict my Lord's arguments for his coming home. Thence to my office and so with Mr. Sheply and Moore, to dine upon a turkey with Mrs. Jem, and after that Mr. Moore and I went to the French Ordinary, where Mr Downing this day feasted Sir Arth. Haselrigge (age 59), and a great many more of the Parliament, and did stay to put him in mind of me. Here he gave me a note to go and invite some other members to dinner tomorrow. So I went to White Hall, and did stay at Marsh's, with Simons, Luellin, and all the rest of the Clerks of the Council, who I hear are all turned out, only the two Leighs, and they do all tell me that my name was mentioned the last night, but that nothing was done in it. Hence I went and did leave some of my notes at the lodgings of the members and so home. To bed.

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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1661. To the Comptroller's (age 50), and with him by coach to White Hall; in our way meeting Venner and Pritchard upon a sledge, who with two more Fifth Monarchy men were hanged to-day, and the two first drawn and quartered.

On 19th January 1661 Thomas Venner was hanged, drawn and quartered for his leading Venner's Uprising aka the Fifth Monarchists.

Diary of John Nicoll. [19th January 1661] Numberis of these foirnamed plotteris wer takin, fum of thame hangit; utheris hangit, heidit, and quarterit; fo, of many hundrethis, few of thame efcapit.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1663. He, the next day (of which the Duke was warned by somebody that saw the passion my Lord Chesterfield (age 29) was in the night before), went and told the Duke how much he did apprehend himself wronged, in his picking out his lady of the whole Court to be the subject of his dishonour; which the Duke (age 29) did answer with great calmness, not seeming to understand the reason of complaint, and that was all that passed but my Lord did presently pack his lady into the country in Derbyshire, near the Peake; which is become a proverb at Court, to send a man's wife to the Devil's arse a' Peake [Map], when she vexes him.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1663. This day, by Dr. Clerke, I was told the occasion of my Lord Chesterfield's (age 29) going and taking his lady (age 22) (my Lord Ormond's daughter) from Court. It seems he not only hath been long jealous of the Duke of York (age 29), but did find them two talking together, though there were others in the room, and the lady by all opinions a most good, virtuous woman.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1663. Here dined with me Dr. Whore and Mr. Scawen. Therewith him and Mr. Bland, whom we met by the way, to my Chancellor's (age 53), where the King (age 32) was to meet my Lord Treasurer (age 55), &c., many great men, to settle the revenue of Tangier [Map]. I staid talking awhile there, but the King not coming I walked to my brother's, where I met my cozen Scotts (Tom not being at home) and sent for a glass of wine for them, and having drunk we parted, and I to the Wardrobe talking with Mr. Moore about my law businesses, which I doubt will go ill for want of time for me to attend them.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1663. Up and to White Hall, and while the Duke (age 29) is dressing himself I went to wait on my Lord Sandwich (age 37), whom I found not very well, and Dr. Clerke with him. He is feverish, and hath sent for Mr. Pierce to let him blood, but not being in the way he puts it off till night, but he stirs not abroad to-day.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1665. Up, and it being yesterday and to-day a great thaw it is not for a man to walk the streets, but took coach and to Mr. Povy's (age 51), and there meeting all of us again agreed upon an answer to the Lords by and by, and thence we did come to Exeter House [Map], and there was a witness of most [base] language against Mr. Povy, from my Lord Peterborough (age 43), who is most furiously angry with him, because the other, as a foole, would needs say that the £26,000 was my Lord Peterborough's account, and that he had nothing to do with it. The Lords did find fault also with our answer, but I think really my Lord Ashly (age 43) would fain have the outside of an Exchequer1, but when we come better to be examined.

Note 1. This word is blotted, and the whole sentence is confused.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1666. Thence with Sir J. Minnes (age 66) to the Duke of Albemarle's (age 57), and carried all well, and met Norwood (age 52) but prevented him in desiring a meeting of the Commissioners for Tangier.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1667. Up, and at the office all the morning. Sir W. Batten (age 66) tells me to my wonder that at his coming to my Lord Ashly (age 45), yesterday morning, to tell him what prize-goods he would have saved for the Navy, and not sold, according to the King's order on the 17th, he fell quite out with him in high terms; and he says, too, that they did go on to the sale yesterday, even of the very hempe, and other things, at which I am astonished, and will never wonder at the ruine of the King's affairs, if this be suffered.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th January 1668. So home, and there sat with my wife all the evening, and Mr. Pelting awhile talking with us, who tells me that my Lord Shrewsbury (age 45) is likely to do well, after his great wound in the late dwell [duel]. He gone, comes W. Hewer (age 26) and supped with me, and so to talk of things, and he tells me that Mr. Jessop is made Secretary to the Commissions of Parliament for Accounts, and I am glad, and it is pretty to see that all the Cavalier party were not able to find the Parliament nine Commissioners, or one Secretary, fit for the business. So he gone, I to read a little in my chamber, and so to bed.

On 19th January 1671 Captain Henry Morgan Privateer (age 35) routed a superior Spanish force and captured Old Panama City.

After 19th January 1686. Church of St Michael and All Angels, Edenham [Map]. Monument to Richard Bertie (deceased). Large swagged and scrolled cartouche surmounted by an urn and cornucupia and bearing two scrolled inscription panels, a shield of arms with palms supported by two putti.[Source: BLB].

Richard Bertie: Around 1635 he was born to Montagu Bertie 2nd Earl Lindsey and Martha Cockayne Countess Holderness. In 1685 Richard Bertie was elected MP Woodstock. On 19th January 1686 Richard Bertie died.

The 1715 Battle of Preston was the final action of the 1715 Jacobite Rebellion. It commenced on 9th November 1715 when Jacobite cavalry entered Preston, Lancashire [Map]. Royalist troops arrived in number over the next few days surrounding Preston forcing the Jacocobite surrender. 1463 were taken prisoner of which 463 were English. The Scottish prisoners included:

George Seton 5th Earl of Winton (age 38). The only prisoner to plead not guilty, sentenced to death, escaped from the Tower of London [Map] on 4th August 1716 around nine in the evening. Travelled to France then to Rome.

On 24th February 1716 William Gordon 6th Viscount Kenmure (age 44) was beheaded on Tower Hill [Map].

On 9th February 1716 William Maxwell 5th Earl Nithsale was sentenced to be executed on 24th February 1716. The night before his wife (age 36) effected his escape from the Tower of London [Map] by exchanging his clothes with those of her maid. They travelled to Paris then to Rome where the court of James "Old Pretender" Stewart (age 27) was.

James Radclyffe 3rd Earl Derwentwater (age 26) was imprisoned in the Tower of London [Map]. He was examined by the Privy Council on 10th January 1716 and impeached on 19th January 1716. He pleaded guilty in the expectation of clemency. He was attainted and condemned to death. Attempts were made to procure his pardon. His wife Anna Maria Webb Countess Derwentwater (age 24), her sister Mary Webb (age 21) [Note. Assumed to be her sister Mary], their aunt Anne Brudenell Duchess Richmond (age 45), Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland appealed to King George I (age 55) in person without success.

On 24th February 1716 James Radclyffe 3rd Earl Derwentwater was beheaded on Tower Hill [Map]. Earl Derwentwater, Baronet Radclyffe of Derwentwater in Cumberland forfeit.

William Murray 2nd Lord Nairne was tried on 9th February 1716 for treason, found guilty, attainted, and condemned to death. He survived long enough to benefit from the Indemnity Act of 1717.

General Thomas Forster of Adderstone (age 31) was attainted. He was imprisoned at Newgate Prison, London [Map] but escaped to France.

On 14th May 1716 Henry Oxburgh was hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn [Map]. He was buried at Church of St Gile's in the Fields. His head was spiked on Temple Bar.

The trials and sentences were overseen by the Lord High Steward William Cowper 1st Earl Cowper (age 50) for which he subsequently received his Earldom.

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On 19th January 1729 a double wedding was conducted between two sets of brothers and sisters....

Joseph I King Portugal (age 14) and Infante Mariana Victoria of Spain (age 10) were married. She the daughter of Philippe V King Spain (age 45) and Elisabeth Farnese Queen Consort Spain (age 36). He the son of John V King Portugal (age 39).

Ferdinand VI King Spain (age 15) and Barbara Queen Consort Spain (age 17) were married. She the daughter of John V King Portugal. He the son of Philippe V King Spain and Maria Luisa Savoy.

On 19th January 1745 Anne O'Brien (age 21) died in childbirth. She was buried at St Canice's Cathedral, Kilkenny, County Kilkenny.

On 19th January 1757 Augusta Reuss Duchess Saxe Coburg Gotha was born to Heinrich XXIV Count Reuss of Ebersdorf (age 32) and Karoline Ernestine of Erbach Schonberg (age 29). She married 13th June 1777 her fifth cousin Francis Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha, son of Ernest Frederick Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld and Sophia Antonia Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld, and had issue.

On 19th January 1770 the Battle of Golden Hill was fought between British soldiers and the Sons of Liberty of New York City; one of the incidents that precipitated the American War of Independence. Several people were wounded in the event, no one was killed.

On 19th January 1795 Frances Tempest (age 54) died. She was buried at St Mary's Church, Long Newton [Map].

Frances Tempest: In 1741 she was born to John Tempest of Sherburne Durham and Frances Shuttleworth. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.13%. Before 1771 Henry Vane 1st Baronet and she were married at St Mary-le-Bow Church, Cheapside [Map].

On 19th January 1820 Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 72) died.

On 19th January 1830 Thomas Otway-Cave (age 32) died. Monument at St Nicholas' Church, Stanford-on-Avon [Map].

Thomas Otway-Cave: Around 1798 he was born to Henry Otway of Castle Otway in Tipperary and Sarah Cave 3rd Baroness Braye.

After 19th January 1852. Monument to Mary Cantrell (deceased) at St Helen's Church Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire [Map].

Mary Cantrell: On 6th September 1800 she was born to Thomas Cantrell. On 19th January 1852 she died.

On 19th January 1862 the Battle of Mill Springs aka the Battle of Fishing Creek, the Battle of Logan's Cross Roads, the Battle of Somerset, was a victory for the Union fought near current Nancy, Kentucky during the American Civil War. Casualties were relatively light. Union losses were 39 killed and 207 wounded, Confederate 125 killed and 404 wounded or missing.

On 19th January 1883 the first standardized incandescent electric lighting system employing overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey. It had been built by Thomas Edison to demonstrate that an entire community could be illuminated by electricity.

On 19th January 1908 Roberto Bompiani (age 86) died.

On the morning of 19th January 1915 two German Zeppelin airships, the L3 and L4, took off from Fuhlsbüttel in Hamburg, Germany, on the first Zeppelin raid over England. The airships had been heading for the Humber, but bad weather led them to reroute and discharge their bombs over Norfolk. Sheringham was hit by two bombs from a Zeppelin raid at 20:30 GMT on 18 January 1915, making it the first place in Britain to be attacked by Zeppelins. No one was killed. At St Peter's Plain, Great Yarmouth, the bombing's two fatalities were killed instantly. Samuel Smith, a 53-year-old shoemaker, was the first British civilian to be killed by aerial bombardment. He was said to be standing in the road when the bomb dropped. Martha Taylor, 72, lived at 22 St Peter's Plain, and was next to be killed in the attack. At King's Lynn bombs were killed Alice Gazeley, 26 – widowed just 3 months earlier after her husband had been killed on the Western Front – and Percy Goate, aged 14. A further 13 people were injured, as further bombs went on to destroy densely-packed terraced houses and damage the town's docks.

On 19th January 1917 the Silvertown Explosion was an explosion at a munitions factory that killed seventy-three people and injured four hundredn more.

On 19th January 1929 John Murray 11th Duke of Atholl was born to Major George Murray (age 44).

Births on the 19th January

On 19th January 1544 Francis II King France King Consort Scotland was born to King Henry II of France (age 24) and Catherine Medici Queen Consort France (age 24). He married 24th April 1558 his third cousin Mary Queen of Scots, daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland.

On 19th January 1578 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet was born to John Tufton 1st Baronet (age 34) and Christian Browne (age 24) at Terling, Essex. He married before 3rd September 1602 his fourth cousin once removed Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet, daughter of Thomas Cecil 1st Earl Exeter and Dorothy Neville Countess Exeter, and had issue.

On 19th January 1628 Charles Stanley 8th Earl of Derby was born to James Stanley 7th Earl of Derby (age 20) and Charlotte Thouars Countess Derby (age 28). He married before 1655 Dorothea Helena Kirkoven Countess Derby, daughter of Jehan Lord of Heenvliet and Katherine Wotton Countess Chesterfield, and had issue.

On 19th January 1655 John The Younger Evelyn was born to John Evelyn (age 34) and Mary Browne (age 20). He married 24th February 1680 Martha Spencer and had issue.

On 19th January 1728 Bishop Frederick Keppel was born to William Anne Keppel 2nd Earl Albermarle (age 25) and Anne Lennox Countess Albermarle (age 24). He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 13th September 1758 Laura Walpole and had issue.

On 19th January 1757 Augusta Reuss Duchess Saxe Coburg Gotha was born to Heinrich XXIV Count Reuss of Ebersdorf (age 32) and Karoline Ernestine of Erbach Schonberg (age 29). She married 13th June 1777 her fifth cousin Francis Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha, son of Ernest Frederick Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld and Sophia Antonia Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld, and had issue.

On 19th January 1782 William Harris 2nd Baron Harris was born to George Harris (age 35) and Anne Carteret Dickson. He married 28th May 1824 Isabella Helana Handcock-Temple of Waterstown in Westmeath.

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 19th January 1797 William Ashburnham was born to George Ashburnham 3rd Earl Ashburnham (age 36) and Charlotte Percy Countess Ashburham (age 21). He died aged less than one years old.

On 19th January 1829 William Eden 4th Baron Auckland was born to Bishop Robert Eden 3rd Baron Auckland (age 29). He married (1) 8th October 1857 Lucy Walbanke-Childers Baroness Auckland and had issue (2) 6th July 1872 Mabel Emily Finch-Hatton Baroness Auckland, daughter of George Finch-Hatton 6th Earl Nottingham 11th Earl Winchilsea and Constance Henrietta Paget Countess Nottingham Winchilsea (3) 20th July 1875 his second cousin once removed Edith Eden Baroness Auckland, daughter of William Eden 6th and 4th Baronet.

On 19th January 1835 William à Court-Holmes was born to William à Court-Holmes 2nd Baron Heytesbury (age 25) and Elizabeth Holmes Baroness Heytesbury (age 20).

On 19th January 1849 Joseph Cockfield Dimsdale 1st Baronet was born.

On 19th January 1855 Rowland Allanson-Winn 5th Baron Headley was born to Rowland Allanson-Winn (age 38).

On 19th January 1874 Thomas Dundas was born to Lawrence Dundas 1st Marquess Zetland (age 29) and Lilian Selina Elizabeth Lumley Marchioness Zetland (age 22). He died aged less than one years old.

On 19th January 1876 Berkeley Digby George Sheffield 6th Baronet was born to Robert Sheffield 5th Baronet (age 51) and Priscilla Isabella Laura Dumaresq.

On 19th January 1877 Michael Hugh Hicks-Beach was born to Michael Edward Hicks-Beach 1st Earl St Aldwyn (age 39) and Lucy Catherine Fortescue Countess St Aldwyn (age 26). He married 28th September 1909 Majorie Brocklehurst and had issue.

On 19th January 1912 David Charteris 12th Earl of Wemyss was born to Hugo Francis Charteris (age 28) and Violet Catherine Manners (age 23) at Belgravia.

On 19th January 1924 Henry Herbert 7th Earl of Carnarvon was born to Henry Herbert 6th Earl Carnarvon (age 25) and Anne Catherine Tredick Wendell Countess Carnarvon (age 23). He married 7th January 1956 his third cousin Jean Margaret Wallop Countess of Carnarvon and had issue.

On 19th January 1925 Dermot de Trafford 6th Baronet was born to Rudolph de Trafford 5th Baronet (age 30).

On 19th January 1929 John Murray 11th Duke of Atholl was born to Major George Murray (age 44).

On 19th January 1971 Andrew Horsbrugh-Porter 5th Baronet was born to John Horsbrugh-Porter 4th Baronet (age 32).

Marriages on the 19th January

On 19th January 1465 William VIII Marquis of Montferrat (age 44) and Marie Foix Marquis Montferrat (age 13) were married. She by marriage Marchioness Montferrat. The difference in their ages was 31 years. She the daughter of Gaston IV Count Foix (age 42) and Eleanor Trastámara Queen Consort Navarre (age 38). They were third cousin once removed.

On 19th January 1511 John Stewart 3rd Earl Lennox (age 21) and Isabel or Elizabeth Stewart Countess Lennox (age 16) were married. She by marriage Countess Lennox. She the daughter of John Stewart 1st Earl Atholl (age 71) and Eleanor Sinclair Countess Atholl (age 54). He the son of Matthew Stewart 2nd Earl Lennox and Elizabeth Hamilton Countess Lennox (age 36). They were half first cousin twice removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 19th January 1729 a double wedding was conducted between two sets of brothers and sisters....

Joseph I King Portugal (age 14) and Infante Mariana Victoria of Spain (age 10) were married. She the daughter of Philippe V King Spain (age 45) and Elisabeth Farnese Queen Consort Spain (age 36). He the son of John V King Portugal (age 39).

Ferdinand VI King Spain (age 15) and Barbara Queen Consort Spain (age 17) were married. She the daughter of John V King Portugal. He the son of Philippe V King Spain and Maria Luisa Savoy.

On 19th January 1774 William Coates (age 29) and Diana Rochfort Lady D'Oyly (age 19) were married in Calcutta, India. At the time of his marriage he was a Factor in the East India Company Service.

On 19th January 1829 Patrick Bellew 1st Baron Bellew (age 30) and Anna Fermina de Mendoza Baroness bellew were married.

On 19th January 1867 William Jolliffe 1st Baron Hylton (age 66) and Sophia Penelope Sheffield Countess Ilchester (age 25) were married. She by marriage Baroness Hylton of Hylton in County Durham. The difference in their ages was 41 years.

On 19th January 1886 David Ogilvy 11th Earl of Airlie (age 29) and Mabell Gore Countess Airlie (age 19) were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square. She the daughter of Arthur Saunders Gore 5th Earl Arran (age 47) and Edith Jocelyn.

On 19th January 1893 James Percy Miller 2nd Baronet (age 28) and Eveline Mary Curzon (age 28) were married. There was no issue from the marriage.

On 19th January 1905 Roger Warin Beaconsfield Onslow 6th Baronet (age 24) and Mildred Wilmot JGuyVCvx were married.

On 19th January 1914 Henry Arthur Mornington Wellesley 3rd Earl Cowley (age 48) and Clare Florence Mary Stapleton Countess Cowley (age 35) were married. She by marriage Countess Cowley. He the son of William Henry Wellesley 2nd Earl Cowley and Emily Gwendoline Williams Countess Cowley (age 74).

Deaths on the 19th January

On 19th January 914 García I King Leon (age 43) died. His brother Ordoño (age 41) succeeded II King Leon.

On 19th January 1383 Nicholas Haudlo Burnell 1st Baron Burnell (age 57) died at Shrewsbury, Shropshire [Map]. His son Hugh (age 36) succeeded 2nd Baron Burnell 2C. Philippa Pole Baroness Burnell (age 27) by marriage Baroness Burnell 2C.

On 19th January 1464 John IV Marquis of Montferrat (age 50) died without legitimate issue. His brother William (age 43) succeeded VIII Marquis Montferrat.

On 19th January 1601 Henry Herbert 2nd Earl Pembroke (age 63) died. His son William (age 20) succeeded 3rd Earl Pembroke.

On 19th January 1607 Anne Morgan Baroness Hunsdon (age 78) died.

On 19th January 1626 Edward Wotton 1st Baron Wotton (age 78) died. His son Thomas (age 39) succeeded 2nd Baron Wotton.

On 19th January 1631 Mary Egioke Lady Clifton died.

On 19th January 1632 William Kniveton 1st Baronet (age 72) died. His son Gilbert (age 50) succeeded 2nd Baronet Kniveton of Mercaston in Derbyshire.

On 19th January 1636 Marcus Gheeraerts (age 74) died.

On 19th January 1661 Edmund Anderson 1st Baronet (age 55) died. His son John (age 32) succeeded 2nd Baronet Anderson of Broughton in Lincolnshire.

On 19th January 1685 Simon Digby 4th Baron Digby (age 28) died. He was buried at the Church of St Peter and St Paul, Coleshill [Map]. His brother William (age 23) succeeded 5th Baron Digby of Geashill in County Offaly.

On 12th January 1701 Martin Lumley 3rd Baronet (age 38) died. He was buried at St Mary the Virgin Church, Great Bardfield on 19th January 1701. His son James (age 4) succeeded 4th Baronet Lumley of Bardfield Magna in Essex.

On 19th January 1701 John Holland 1st Baronet (age 97) died. His grandson John (age 32) succeeded 2nd Baronet Holland of Quiddenham in Norfolk. Rebecca Paston Lady Holland (age 20) by marriage Lady Holland of Quiddenham in Norfolk.

On 19th January 1707 Stephen Anderson 1st Baronet (age 63) died. His son Stephen (age 28) succeeded 2nd Baronet Anderson of Eyeworth in Bedfordshire. Anne Lumley Lady Anderson (age 22) by marriage Lady Anderson of Eyeworth in Bedfordshire.

On 19th January 1759 Thomas Drury 1st Baronet (age 46) died. Baronet Drury of Overstone in Northamptonshire extinct.

On 19th January 1766 Wilmot Vaughan 3rd Viscount Lisburne died. His son Wilmot (age 38) succeeded 3rd Viscount Lisburne and 3rd Baron Fethard of Feathered in Tipperary. Dorothy Shafto Countess Lisburne (age 33) by marriage Viscountess Lisburne.

On 19th January 1820 Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 72) died.

On 19th January 1837 Andrew Windsor 7th Earl Plymouth 1764 (age 72) died unmarried. His brother Henry (age 68) succeeded 8th Earl Plymouth.

On 19th January 1842 John Dugdale Astley 1st Baronet (age 63) died. His son Francis (age 37) succeeded 2nd Baronet Astley of Everleigh in Wiltshire. Emma Dorothea Lethbridge Lady Astley by marriage Lady Astley of Everleigh in Wiltshire.

On 19th January 1844 Mary Anne Broadhead died.

On 19th January 1845 William Eliot 2nd Earl St Germans (age 77) died. His son Edward (age 46) succeeded 3rd Earl St Germans, 4th Baron Eliot of St Germans in Cornwall. Jemima Cornwallis Countess St Germans (age 41) by marriage Countess St Germans.

On 19th January 1849 Cecil Augutus Bishopp 10th Baronet (age 27) died at Malta where he was buried. His brother George (age 25) succeeded 11th Baronet Bishopp of Parham in Sussex.

On 19th January 1887 William Bagot 3rd Baron Bagot (age 75) died. His son William (age 30) succeeded 4th Baron Bagot of Bagot's Bromley in Staffordshire, 9th Baronet Bagot of Blithfield Hall.

On 19th January 1892 George Samuel Jenkinson 11th Baronet (age 74) died. His son George (age 40) succeeded 12th Baronet Jenkinson of Walcot in Oxfordshire and of Hawkesbury in Gloucestershire. Madeline Holme-Sumner Lady Jenkinson (age 30) by marriage Lady Jenkinson of Walcot in Oxfordshire and of Hawkesbury in Gloucestershire.

On 17th January 1893 or 19th January 1893 Rowland Winn 1st Baron St Oswald (age 72) died. His son Rowland (age 35) succeeded 2nd Baron St Oswald of Nostell in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Mabel Susan Forbes Baroness Winn by marriage Baroness St Oswald of Nostell in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

On 19th January 1908 Roberto Bompiani (age 86) died.

On 19th January 1914 Mathew Amcotts Wilson 3rd Baronet (age 61) died. His son Mathew (age 38) succeeded 4th Baronet Wilson of Eshton Hall in Yorkshire.

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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 19th January 1922 Evelyn Henrietta Gascoigne Lady Nugent died.

On 19th January 1995 Weetman John Pearson 3rd Viscount Cowdray (age 84) died. His son Michael (age 50) succeeded 4th Viscount Cowdray of Cowdray in Sussex.

On 19th January 2001 Heneage Charles Bagot 9th Baron Bagot (age 86) died. His son Charles (age 56) succeeded 10th Baron Bagot of Bagot's Bromley in Staffordshire, 15th Baronet Bagot of Blithfield Hall.