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20 Oct is in October.
1445 Richard of York returns to England
1454 Battle of Stamford Bridge
1529 Oct Wolsey surrenders the Great Seal
Events on the 20th October
Florence of Worcester. 20th October 1119. A Council held at Rheims. Pope Calixtus held a general council at Rheims, on Sunday, the thirteenth of the calends of November (20th October), at which there was a great concourse of archbishops, bishops, abbots, and lords of various provinces, and immense multitudes of the clergy and people. The English bishops who were at that time at the court of Henry in Normandy, namely, William of Exeter, Ralph of Durham (age 59), Bernard of St. David's, and Urban of Glamorgan (age 43) [Landaff], and also the bishops and abbots of Normandy, were sent by the king himself to the council. Ralph, archbishop of Canterbury, was prevented from being present by sickness. Thurstan (age 49), archbishop-elect of York, having requested the king's license for attending it, obtained it with some difficulty, upon pledging his word that he would on no account accept consecration from the pope. Bound by this pledge, he pursued his journey, and presented himself to the pope; but forthwith, regardless of his engagement, he gained over the Romans by bribes to espouse his cause, and through them prevailed on the pope to consecrate him bishop with his own hands. He was thus ordained to the see of York, and by the pope's command many of the bishops from France assisted at the ceremony. The English bishops had not yet come to the council; but when they learnt what had been done, they informed the king, who being very indignant, forbade Thurstan and his followers from returning to England or Normandy, or any place in his dominions.
On 20th October 1255 Ferdinand de la Cerda Ivrea was born to Alfonso X King Castile X King Leon (age 33) and Violante Barcelona Queen Consort Castile Queen Consort Leon. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
On 20th October 1445 Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 34) returned to England at the end of his five-year appointment in France.
On 20th October 1453 John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 22), and his brothers Thomas Neville (age 23) and Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 24), met with Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland (age 60) and to negotiate peace.
On 20th October 1454 both the Neville and Percy families summoned their retainers to their respective castles: Percy to Topcliffe Castle [Map], Neville to Sheriff Hutton Castle [Map] separated by a distance of around four miles.
On 2nd March 1484 Ralph Fitzherbert (age 56) died at Norbury, Derbyshire [Map]. He was buried at Church of St Barlok, Norbury [Map].
On 20th October 1490 Elizabeth Marshall (age 53) died. She was buried at Church of St Barlok, Norbury [Map].
Monument to Ralph and Elizabeth. Finely made in Chellaston alabaster of the Fluted Period. Possibly Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent. Fitzherbert Clenched Fist Crest. His effigy notable for being the only remaining with the Yorkist Boar Pendant (boar of Richard III) on his Suns and Roses Collar.
Ralph Fitzherbert: Around 1428 he was born to Nicholas Fitzherbert and Alice Booth at Norbury, Derbyshire [Map]. In or before 1450 Ralph Fitzherbert and Elizabeth Marshall were married. They had seven sons and five daughters.
Elizabeth Marshall: Around 1437 she was born to John Marshall.
On 20th October 1496 Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile (age 18) and Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile (age 17) were married. She the daughter of Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 44) and Isabella Queen Castile (age 45). He the son of Maximilian Habsburg I Holy Roman Emperor (age 37) and Mary Valois Duchess Burgundy. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 20th October 1509 Arthur Stewart 1st Duke Rothesay was born to King James IV of Scotland (age 36) and Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland (age 19) at Holyrood Palace, Holyrood. He a grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1529. 25th October 1529. Rym. XIV. 349. 6025. Cardinal Wolsey (age 56).
Memorandum of the surrender of the Great Seal by Cardinal Wolsey, on 17 Oct., to the dukes of Norfolk (age 56) and Suffolk (age 45), in his gallery at his house at Westminster, at 6 o'clock p.m., in the presence of Sir William Fitzwilliam (age 39), John Tayler, and Stephen Gardiner (age 46). The same was delivered by Tayler to the King (age 38) at Windsor [Map], on the 20 Oct., by whom it was taken out and attached to certain documents, in the presence of Tayler and Gardiner, Henry Norris (age 47), Thomas Heneage (age 49), Ralph Pexsall, clerk of the Crown, John Croke, John Judd, and Thomas Hall, of the Hanaper.
On the 25th Oct. the seal was delivered by the King at East Greenwich to Sir Thomas More (age 51), in the presence of Henry Norres and Chr. Hales, Attorney General, in the King's privy chamber; and on the next day, Tuesday, 26 Oct., More took his oath as Chancellor in the Great Hall [Map] at Westminster, in presence of the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, Th. marquis of Dorset (age 52), Henry marquis of Exeter (age 33), John Earl of Oxford (age 58), Henry Earl of Northumberland (age 27), George Earl of Shrewsbury (age 61), Ralph Earl of Westmoreland (age 31), John Bishop of Lincoln (age 56), Cuthbert Bishop of London (age 55), John Bishop of Bath and Wells, Sir Rob. Radclyf, Viscount Fitzwater (age 46), Sir Tho. Boleyn, Viscount Rocheforde (age 52), Sir WilliamSandys, Lord and others.
Close Roll, 21 Henry VIII. m. 19d.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1537. 20th October 1537. Sir George Throkmorton (age 42) to [Henry VIII.].
About six or seven years ago conversed with Sir Thos. Dyngley in the garden at St. John's about the Parliament matters. Dyngley wondered that the Act of Appeals should pass so lightly, and Throgmorton said it was no wonder as few would displease my lord Privy Seal. Told Sir Thomas he had been sent for by the King after speaking about that Act, and that he saw his Grace's conscience was troubled about having married his brother's wife. "And I said to him that I told your Grace I feared if ye did marry Queen Anne (age 30) your conscience would be more troubled at length, for it is thought ye have meddled both with the mother [Elizabeth Howard Countess of Wiltshire and Ormonde (age 51)] and the sister [Mary Boleyn (age 32)]. And his Grace said 'Never with the mother.' And my lord Privy Seal standing by said 'Nor never with the sister either, and therefore put that out of your mind.'" This was in substance all their communication. Intended no harm to the King, but only out of vainglory to show he was one that durst speak for the common wealth; otherwise he refuses the King's pardon and will abide the most shameful death.
Was asked by my lord Privy Seal to write what other communication he may have had about the King at the Queen's Head or elsewhere; which is very hard for him to do. Reported the same conversation to Sir Thos. Englefelde at Serjeants Inn, and, he believes, to Sir William Essex; also, he rather thinks, to Sir Will. Barentyne. Essex, Barentyne, Sir John Gyfforde, Sir Marmaduke Constable and others did much use the Queen's Head at dinner and supper. Caused all servants to withdraw when they conversed of Parliament matters, but made no appointments to meet. Begs the King to have pity on his wife and children, for the service that he and his blood have done to the King's ancestors, considering how at Grafton he pardoned the writer all things concerning the Parliament, &c.
As to his unthrifty and unnatural brother, the writer met at dinner, at St. John's last Midsummer, Sir Thos. Dyngley and a young man whom he believed to dwell with Ric. Fermour. The one (he thinks the latter) told him "Your brother Michael is in good health, for I saw him of late in Antwerp in a chapel at mass." Replied that he would he had never been born. Has heard that he wrote a letter to Dr. Wotton since his departure. Has written to him since by my lord Privy Seal's mind, "which I will surely follow, both upon him and his master [Cardinal Reginald Pole (age 30)], and if it be to Rome yates, to die, upon them both in that quarrel, if your Grace's pleasure be I shall so do." Regrets having shown these matters to any man, but would rather be imprisoned for life than live at large in the King's indignation.
Explains his conduct since the beginning of the Parliament of 21 Hen. VIII. Just before that Parliament friar Peto, who was in a tower in Lambeth over the gate, sent for him and showed him two sermons that he and another friar had made before the King at Greenwich, and reported a long conversation he had had with the King in the garden after the sermon. He said he had told the King that he could have no other wife while the Princess Dowager lived unless he could prove carnal knowledge between prince Arthur and her; which he said was impossible, as she, who knew best, had received the Sacrament to the contrary, and she was so virtuous that her word deserved more credit than all the other proofs; that prince Arthur's saying that he had been in the midst of Spain was probably but a light word; and that the King could never marry Queen Anne as it was said he had meddled with the mother [Elizabeth Howard Countess of Wiltshire and Ormonde] and the daughter [Mary Boleyn]. He moreover advised Throgmorton if he were in the Parliament house to stick to that matter, as he would save his soul. Shortly after the beginning of the Parliament, when he had "reasoned" to the Bill of Appeals, Sir Thos. More, then Chancellor, sent Saye for him to come and speak with him in the Parliament chamber, "where, as I do remember me, stood an altar, or a thing like unto an altar, whereupon he did lean; and, as I do think, the same time the bishop of Bath was talking with him." Sir Thomas said he was glad to hear that he was so good a Catholic and that, if he continued, he would deserve great reward of God and thanks at length of the King. Took so much pride of this that he went shortly after to the bp. of Rochester with whom he had much conversation about the Acts of Appeals, Annates and Supremacy, and the authority given by our Lord to Peter. The last time he was with him the bp. gave him a book of his own device on the subject; which book he delivered to my lord Privy Seal at his house at Austin Friars. The bp. also advised him to speak with Mr. Wilson, which he did at St. Thomas the Apostle's, who also showed him divers bocks noted with his own hand, to confirm the same opinion. Went afterwards to Syon to one Reynolds, of whom he was confessed, and showed him his conscience in all these causes; who advised him to stick to his opinion to the death, else he would surely be damned, and also not to hold his peace in Parliament even if he thought his speaking could not prevail. This was against the opinion of the bp. of Rochester and Mr. Wylson, but Reynolds said he did not know how he might encourage others in the house to do the same. It was these counsels that blinded him so long; but he now asks pardon, having perceived his error by reading the New Testament and The Institution of a Christian Man. Prays for the prosperous estate of the King and his little son prince Edward.
Hol., pp. 9. A blank leaf found apart, but apparently belonging to this document is docketed: Concerning Sir Thomas Dyngley.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1535. 20th October 1535. R. O.646. Rowland Morton to Cromwell.
I send you a list of those in this county who have taken the oath to the Act of Succession, although I never could get a sight of the Commission. You will see my diligence by the records presented to you, both now and at Tewkesbury. Of the 22 hundreds into which the county is divided, eight were left to me, not only by the Act of Succession but likewise in the county of Worcester, besides the taxation of the subsidy in both, the tenth of the spiritualty, the commission of musters,&c., to my great labor and charge. The acceptance of my services would be of great solace to me. "Now heartless without refuge, unless your mastership tender the same, I open my stomach as a poor man loaded and overcharged with worldly burdens." Therefore I beg you will dispense with my personal appearance at London this "soure" time of sickness. Twynnynge, 20 Oct. Signed.
Pp. 2. Add.: Secretary.
On 20th October 1557 Unamed Habsburg Spain was born to Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor (age 30) and Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 29). Coefficient of inbreeding 10.03%.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 20th October 1559. The xx day of October they begane to make a herse for my lade the contes of Rutland at Sordyche [Map]; yt was garnysshed with armes and penselles, and all the chyrche hangyd with blake and armes.
Note. P. 216. Funeral of the countess of Rutland. Margaret daughter of Ralph earl of Westmerland, wife of Henry (age 33) second earl of Rutland, K.G. The conjoint monument of this lady, her mother, and two other female relations, has been already noticed in p. 343.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1662. And then to see in what pomp his table was laid for himself to go to dinner; and here, among other pictures, saw the so much desired by me picture of my Baroness Castlemaine's (age 21), which is a most blessed picture; and that that I must have a copy of.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1662. Insomuch that after I had done with the Duke, and thence gone with Commissioner Pett (age 52) to Mr. Lilly's (age 44), the great painter, who came forth to us; but believing that I come to bespeak a picture, he prevented us by telling us, that he should not be at leisure these three weeks; which methinks is a rare thing.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1663. Thence home, and took my wife by coach to White Hall, and she set down at my Lord's lodgings, I to a Committee of Tangier, and thence with her homeward, calling at several places by the way. Among others at Paul's Churchyard, and while I was in Kirton's shop, a fellow came to offer kindness or force to my wife in the coach, but she refusing, he went away, after the coachman had struck him, and he the coachman. So I being called, went thither, and the fellow coming out again of a shop, I did give him a good cuff or two on the chops, and seeing him not oppose me, I did give him another; at last found him drunk, of which I was glad, and so left him, and home, and so to my office awhile, and so home to supper and to bed. This evening, at my Lord's lodgings, Mrs. Sarah talking with my wife and I how the Queen (age 24) do, and how the King (age 33) tends her being so ill. She tells us that the Queen's sickness is the spotted fever; that she was as full of the spots as a leopard which is very strange that it should be no more known; but perhaps it is not so. And that the King do seem to take it much to heart, for that he hath wept before her; but, for all that; that he hath not missed one night since she was sick, of supping with my Baroness Castlemaine's (age 22); which I believe is true, for she [Sarah] says that her husband hath dressed the suppers every night; and I confess I saw him myself coming through the street dressing of a great supper to-night, which Sarah says is also for the King and her; which is a very strange thing.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1663. Up and to the office, where we sat; and at noon Sir G. Carteret (age 53), Sir J. Minnes (age 64), and I to dinner to my Lord Mayor's, being invited, where was the Farmers of the Customes, my Chancellor's (age 54) three sons, and other great and much company, and a very great noble dinner, as this Mayor [Sir John Robinson (age 48).] is good for nothing else. No extraordinary discourse of any thing, every man being intent upon his dinner, and myself willing to have drunk some wine to have warmed my belly, but I did for my oath's sake willingly refrain it, but am so well pleased and satisfied afterwards thereby, for it do keep me always in so good a frame of mind that I hope I shall not ever leave this practice.
John Evelyn's Diary. 20th October 1664. Hence, to see the famous wells, natural and artificial grots and fountains, called Bushell's Wells, at Enstone. This Bushell had been Secretary to my Lord Verulam. It is an extraordinary solitude. There he had two mummies; a grot where he lay in a hammock, like an Indian. Hence, we went to Dichley [Map], an ancient seat of the Lees, now Sir Henry Lee's (age 25); it is a low ancient timber-house, with a pretty bowling-green. My Lady gave us an extraordinary dinner. This gentleman's mother (age 49) was Countess of Rochester, who was also there, and Sir Walter St. John (age 42). There were some pictures of their ancestors, not ill painted; the great-grandfather had been Knight of the Garter [Note. Reference to Henry Lee of Ditchley who was not great-grandfather; he was second-cousin once-removed]; there was a picture of a Pope, and our Savior's head. So we returned to Cornbury.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1664. So we parted, and I to my Lord Sandwich (age 39) at his lodgings, and after a little stay away with Mr. Cholmely (age 32) to Fleete Streete; in the way he telling me that Tangier [Map] is like to be in a bad condition with this same Fitzgerald, he being a man of no honour, nor presence, nor little honesty, and endeavours: to raise the Irish and suppress the English interest there; and offend every body, and do nothing that I hear of well, which I am sorry for.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1666. He being gone, there comes to me Commissioner Middleton, whom I took on purpose to walk in the garden with me, and to learn what he observed when the fleete was at Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map]. He says that the fleete was in such a condition, as to discipline, as if the Devil had commanded it; so much wickedness of all sorts. Enquiring how it come to pass that so many ships miscarried this year, he tells me that he enquired; and the pilots do say, that they dare not do nor go but as the Captains will have them; and if they offer to do otherwise, the Captains swear they will run them through. He says that he heard Captain Digby (my Lord of Bristol's (age 53) son, a young fellow that never was but one year, if that, in the fleete) say that he did hope he should not see a tarpaulin have the command of a ship within this twelve months. He observed while he was on board the Admirall, when the fleete was at Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map], that there was a faction there. Holmes (age 44) commanded all on the Prince's (age 46) side, and Sir Jeremy Smith on the Duke's (age 33), and every body that come did apply themselves to one side or other; and when the Duke of Albemarle (age 57) was gone away to come hither, then Sir Jeremy Smith did hang his head, and walked in the Generall's ship but like a private commander. He says he was on board The Prince, when the newes come of the burning of London; and all the Prince said was, that now Shipton's prophecy was out; and he heard a young commander presently swear, that now a citizen's wife that would not take under half a piece before, would be occupied for half-a-crowne: and made mighty sport of it.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1666. He told me other good things, which made me bless God that we have received no greater disasters this year than we have, though they have been the greatest that ever was known in England before, put all their losses of the King's ships by want of skill and seamanship together from the beginning. He being gone, comes Sir G. Carteret (age 56), and he and I walked together awhile, discoursing upon the sad condition of the times, what need we have, and how impossible it is to get money. He told me my Chancellor (age 57) the other day did ask him how it come to pass that his friend Pepys do so much magnify all things to worst, as I did on Sunday last, in the bad condition of the fleete. Sir G. Carteret tells me that he answered him, that I was but the mouth of the rest, and spoke what they have dictated to me; which did, as he says, presently take off his displeasure. So that I am well at present with him, but I must have a care not to be over busy in the office again, and burn my fingers.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1666. He tells me he wishes he had sold his place at some good rate to somebody or other at the beginning of the warr, and that he would do it now, but no body will deale with him for it. He tells me the Duke of Albemarle (age 57) is very much discontented, and the Duke of York (age 33) do not, it seems, please him. He tells me that our case as to money is not to be made good at present, and therefore wishes a good and speedy peace before it be too late, and from his discourse methinks I find that there is something moving towards it. Many people at the office, but having no more of the office I did put it off till the next meeting.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1666. Thence, with Sir G. Carteret (age 56), home to dinner, with him, my Lady and Mr. Ashburnham (age 62), the Cofferer. Here they talk that the Queene (age 56) hath a great mind to alter her fashion, and to have the feet seen, which she loves mightily; and they do believe that it [will] come into it in a little time. Here I met with the King's declaration about his proceedings with the King of Denmarke (age 57), and particularly the business of Bergen; but it is so well writ, that, if it be true, the King of Denmarke is one of the most absolute wickednesse in the world for a person of his quality.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1666. After dinner home, and there met Mr. Povy (age 52) by appointment, and there he and I all the afternoon, till late at night, evening of all accounts between us, which we did to both our satisfaction; but that which troubles me most is, that I am to refund to the ignoble Lord Peterborough (age 44) what he had given us six months ago, because we did not supply him with money; but it is no great matter. He gone I to the office, and there did some business; and so home, my mind in good ease by having done with Povy in order to the adjusting of all my accounts in a few days.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1667. So I alone to church, and then home, and there Deane (age 33) comes and dines with me by invitation, and both at and after dinner he and I spent all the day till it was dark in discourse of business of the Navy and the ground of the many miscarriages, wherein he do inform me in many more than I knew, and I had desired him to put them in writing, and many indeed they are and good ones; and also we discoursed of the business of shipping, and he hath promised me a draught of the ship he is now building, wherein I am mightily pleased. This afternoon comes to me Captain O'Bryan, about a ship that the King (age 37) hath given him; and he and I to talk of the Parliament; and he tells me that the business of the Duke of York's (age 34) slackening sail in the first fight, at the beginning of the war, is brought into question, and Sir W. Pen (age 46) and Captain Cox are to appear to-morrow about it; and it is thought will at last be laid upon Mr. Bruncker's giving orders from the Duke of York (which the Duke of York do not own) to Captain Cox to do it; but it seems they do resent this very highly, and are mad in going through all business, where they can lay any fault. I am glad to hear, that in the world I am as kindly spoke of as any body; for, for aught I see, there is bloody work like to be, Sir W. Coventry (age 39) having been forced to produce a letter in Parliament wherein the Duke of Albemarle (age 58) did from Sheernesse [Map] write in what good posture all things were at Chatham, Kent [Map], and that the chain was so well placed that he feared no attempt of the enemy: so that, among other things, I see every body is upon his own defence, and spares not to blame another to defend himself, and the same course I shall take. But God knows where it will end! He gone, and Deane, I to my chamber for a while, and then comes Pelling the apothecary to see us, and sat and supped with me (my wife being gone to bed sick of the cholique), and then I to bed, after supper. Pelting tells me that my Lady Duchesse Albemarle (age 48) was at Mrs. Turner's (age 44) this afternoon, she being ill, and did there publickly talk of business, and of our Office; and that she believed that I was safe, and had done well; and so, I thank God! I hear every body speaks of me; and indeed, I think, without vanity, I may expect to be profited rather than injured by this inquiry, which the Parliament makes into business.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1667. Lord's Day. Up, and put on my new tunique of velvett; which is very plain, but good. This morning is brought to me an order for the presenting the Committee of Parliament to-morrow with a list of the commanders and ships' names of all the fleetes set out since the war, and particularly of those ships which were divided from the fleete with Prince Rupert (age 47)1 which gives me occasion to see that they are busy after that business, and I am glad of it.
Note 1. This question of the division of the fleet in May, 1666, was one over which endless controversy as to responsibility was raised. When Prince Rupert, with twenty ships, was detached to prevent the junction of the French squadron with the Dutch, the Duke of Albemarle (age 58) was left with fifty-four ships against eighty belonging to the Dutch. Albemarle's tactics are praised by Captain Mahan.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 20th October 1668. So to my tailor's, and the New Exchange, and so by coach home, and there, having this day bought "The Queene (age 58) of Arragon" play, I did get my wife and W. Batelier to read it over this night by 11 o'clock, and so to bed.
John Evelyn's Diary. 20th October 1674. At Lord Berkeley's (age 46), I discoursed with Sir Thomas Modiford (age 54), late Governor of Jamaica, and with Colonel Morgan (age 39), who undertook that gallant exploit from Nombre de Dios to Panama, on the Continent of America; he told me 10,000 men would easily conquer all the Spanish Indies, they were so secure. They took great booty, and much greater had been taken, had they not been betrayed and so discovered before their approach, by which the Spaniards had time to carry their vast treasure on board ships that put off to sea in sight of our men, who had no boats to follow. They set fire to Panama, and ravaged the country sixty miles about. The Spaniards were so supine and unexercised, that they were afraid to fire a great gun.
Before 20th October 1677 Margaret Darcy died. She was buried at St Michael's Church, Sutton-on-the-Hill [Map].
Margaret Darcy: she was born to Robert Darcy. On 17th February 1635 Samuel Sleigh of Ash and Etwall and she were married.
On 20th October 1714 King George I of Great Britain and Ireland (age 54) was crowned I King Great Britain and Ireland at Westminster Abbey [Map] by Archbishop Thomas Tenison (age 78).
Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton (age 30) was appointed Lord High Steward.
Willam Humphreys 1st Baronet officiated in his capacity of Lord Mayor of London, entertaining the King and his court at Guildhall
On 20th October 1740 Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor (age 55) died.
On 20th October 1767 Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway was born to Charles Hesse-Kassel (age 22) and Louise Oldenburg (age 17). She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.89%.
On 13 or 20th October 1809 Thomas Charles Gascoigne (age 23) died in a hunting accident. He was buried at All Saints' Church, Barwick-in-Elmet [Map]. 2,000 people and over 400 of his father's tenants attended his funeral.
After 20th October 1838 Monument to John Fitchett of Warrington.
On 20th October 1849 Frederick Strickland (age 29) died in a mountain climbing accident. He had climbed Mount Washington, New Hampshire [Map]. During his descent he fell into a stream and died from hypothermia. His body was recovered and buried at the Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge. His monument has the inscription: "Sacred to the memory of Frederick Strickland, an English traveller. who lost his life October 20, 1849, while walking upon the White Mountains. He was the second son of George Strickland (age 66), Bart., a member of the Parliament of England."
After 20th October 1858. St Swithun's Church, Leadenham [Map]. Monument to Frances Wilhelmina Welby (deceased) and Frances Susan Reeve by Thomas Gaffin.
Frances Wilhelmina Welby: On 13th April 1832 she was born to Glynne Earl Welby 3rd Baronet and Frances Cholmeley. Before 9th October 1858 Lieutenant Colonel William Henry Reeve and she were married. On 20th October 1858 Frances Wilhelmina Welby died eleven days after giving birth to her daughter Frances Susan Reeve.
Frances Susan Reeve: On 9th October 1858 she was born to Lieutenant Colonel William Henry Reeve and Frances Wilhelmina Welby. Her mother died eleven days later. On 12th March 1864 she died.
On 19th April 1870 Julian Henry Charles Fane (age 42) died. On 20th October 1868 Adine Eliza Anne Cowper died. Memorial in the Church of St Leonard, Apethorpe [Map].
Julian Henry Charles Fane: On 10th October 1827 he was born to John Fane 11th Earl of Westmoreland and Priscilla Anne Wellesley-Pole Countess of Westmoreland. In 1866 Julian Henry Charles Fane and Adine Eliza Anne Cowper were married. She the daughter of George Augustus Frederick Cowper 6th Earl Cowper and Ann Florence Robinson Countess Cowper. He the son of John Fane 11th Earl of Westmoreland and Priscilla Anne Wellesley-Pole Countess of Westmoreland. They were sixth cousins.
Adine Eliza Anne Cowper: In 1840 she was born to George Augustus Frederick Cowper 6th Earl Cowper and Ann Florence Robinson Countess Cowper.
On 20th October 1894 Maximilian Friedrich Hesse-Kassel was born to Frederick Charles I King Finland (age 26) and Margaret Hohenzollern (age 22). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
On 20th October 1914 John Spencer Cavendish (age 39) was killed in action.
On 20th October 1930 Reginald Walkeline Chandos-Pole (age 77) died. Grave with his wife Inez Blanche Marie Clothilde Eva Arent, who died on the 2nd of February 1941, at St Andrew's Church, Radbourne [Map].
Reginald Walkeline Chandos-Pole: On 4th February 1853 he was born to Edward Sacheverell Chandos-Pole and Anna Caroline Stanhope. On 7th March 1882 Reginald Walkeline Chandos-Pole and Violet Catherine Beckett-Denison were married. On 26th October 1898 Reginald Walkeline Chandos-Pole and Inez Blanche Marie Clothilde Eva Arent were married.
The bells at Holy Trinity Church, Ashford-in-the-Water [Map] were dedicated 20th October 1954.
Births on the 20th October
On 20th October 1255 Ferdinand de la Cerda Ivrea was born to Alfonso X King Castile X King Leon (age 33) and Violante Barcelona Queen Consort Castile Queen Consort Leon. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
On 20th October 1496 Claude Lorraine 1st Duke Guise was born to René Lorraine II Duke Lorraine Duke of Bar (age 45) and Philippa Egmont Duchess of Bar Duchess Lorraine (age 29).
On 20th October 1509 Arthur Stewart 1st Duke Rothesay was born to King James IV of Scotland (age 36) and Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland (age 19) at Holyrood Palace, Holyrood. He a grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.
On 20th October 1512 Adrienne Estouteville Duchess Estouteville was born.
On 20th October 1556 George Booth 1st Baronet was born to William Booth at Bowdon, Altrincham, Cheshire.
On 20th October 1557 Unamed Habsburg Spain was born to Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor (age 30) and Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 29). Coefficient of inbreeding 10.03%.
On 20th October 1612 Richard Boyle 2nd Earl Cork 1st Earl Burlington was born to Richard Boyle 1st Earl Cork (age 46) and Catherine Fenton Countess Cork (age 27) at The College, Youghal, Cork.
On 20th October 1650 Robert Shirley 1st Earl Ferrers was born to Robert Shirley 4th Baronet (age 21) and Catherine Okeover.
On 20th October 1657 James Graham 3rd Marquess Montrose was born to James Graham 2nd Marquess Montrose (age 26) and Isabel Douglas Marchioness Montrose (age 27).
On 20th October 1660 Robert Bertie 1st Duke Ancaster and Kesteven was born to Robert Bertie 3rd Earl Lindsey (age 29) and Elizabeth Wharton Countess Lindsey (age 28).
On 20th October 1670 frances bennett countess of salisbury 1670 1713 was born to Simon Bennett (age 46) and Grace Moorwood.
On 20th October 1674 Henry Seymour 1st Baronet was born to Henry Seymour (age 62) and Elizabeth Killigrew (age 61). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.12%.
On 20th October 1700 Charlotte Aglaé Bourbon was born to Philippe Bourbon II Duke Orléans (age 26) and Françoise Marie Bourbon Duchess Orléans (age 23). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. Coefficient of inbreeding 7.39%.
On 20th October 1703 Henrietta de Grey was born to Henry Grey 1st Duke Kent (age 32) and Jemima Crew Marchioness Kent (age 28).
On 20th October 1709 Barbara Bentinck was born to William Bentinck 1st Earl of Portland (age 60) and Jane Martha Temple Countess Portland (age 37).
On 20th October 1713 James Cecil 6th Earl of Salisbury was born to James Cecil 5th Earl Salisbury (age 22) and Anne Tufton Countess of Salisbury. He was educated at Westminster School [Map].
On 20th October 1767 Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway was born to Charles Hesse-Kassel (age 22) and Louise Oldenburg (age 17). She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.89%.
On 20th October 1779 William Mordaunt Sturt Milner 4th Baronet was born to William Mordaunt Milner 3rd Baronet (age 25) and Diana Sturt Lady Milner.
On 20th October 1784 Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston was born to Henry Temple 2nd Viscount Palmerston (age 44) and Mary Mee Viscountess Palmerston.
On 20th October 1795 Thomas William Anson 1st Earl Lichfield was born to Thomas Anson 1st Viscount Anson (age 28) and Anne Margaret Coke Viscountess Anson (age 16). He was baptised at St Michael and All Angels Church, Colwich [Map]. He was educated at Eton College [Map] and Christ Church College, Oxford University.
On 20th October 1804 Jane Grey was born to George Grey 1st Baronet (age 37) and Mary Whitbread Lady Grey (age 34).
On 20th October 1812 Arthur Grey 12th Baronet was born to Arthur Hasselrigge aka Grey 11th Baronet (age 21) and Henrietta Anne Bourne Lady Haselrigge (age 28).
On 20th October 1838 Victoria Russell was born to John Russell 1st Earl Russell (age 46) and Adelaide Lister (age 31).
On 20th October 1839 Charles Thomas Montagu-Douglas-Scott was born to Walter Scott 5th Duke Buccleuch 7th Duke Queensberry and Charlotte Anne Thynne Duchess Buccleuch Duchess Queensbury (age 28).
On 20th October 1850 Charles William Noel 3rd Earl Gainsborough was born to Charles George Noel 2nd Earl Gainsborough (age 32) and Ida Harriet Augusta Hay Countess Gainsborough (age 29). He a great grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.
On 20th October 1851 Lilian Selina Elizabeth Lumley Marchioness Zetland was born to Richard Lumley 9th Earl Scarborough (age 38) and Adeliza Drummond Countess Scarborough.
On 20th October 1853 James Henry Duncombe was born to William Duncombe 1st Earl Feversham (age 24) and Mabel Violet Graham Countess Feversham (age 20). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.57%.
On 20th October 1861 Arthur George Walker was born to Robert Walker (age 35) at Hackney.
On 20th October 1861 Francis John "Frank" Tennant was born to Charles Tennant 1st Baronet (age 37) and Emma Winsloe Lady Tennant (age 40).
On 20th October 1867 Millicent Fanny St Clair-Erskine Duchess of Sutherland was born to Robert St Clair-Erskine 4th Earl of Rosslyn (age 34) and Blanche Adeliza Fitzroy (age 28) at Dysart House.
On 20th October 1878 Vere Frederick Bertie 2nd Viscount Bertie was born to Francis Bertie 1st Viscount Bertie Thame (age 34) and Feodorowna Cecilia Wellesley Viscountess Bertie Thame (age 40).
On 20th October 1894 Maximilian Friedrich Hesse-Kassel was born to Frederick Charles I King Finland (age 26) and Margaret Hohenzollern (age 22). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
On 20th October 1913 Ataúlfo Alejandro Orléans Galliera was born to Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera (age 26) and Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera (age 29) at Madrid [Map]. She a great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
On 20th October 1914 Jacqueline Vereker Countess de l'Isle was born to John Standish Surtees Prendergast 6th Viscount Gort (age 28) and Corinna Katherine Medlicott Vereker (age 23).
On 20th October 1915 Mary Patricia Harrison Marchioness Abergavenny was born to John Fenwick Harrison.
On 20th October 1926 Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu 3rd Baron Montagu was born to John Douglas-Scott-Montagu 2nd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu (age 60) and Alice Pearl Crake Baroness Montagu (age 31).
On 20th October 1956 Lucinda "Lucy" Baring was born to John Francis Baring 7th Baron Ashburton (age 27) and Susan Renwick (age 26).
On 20th October 1960 Christopher Leigh 6th Baron Leigh was born to John Leigh 5th Baron Leigh (age 25).
On 20th October 1977 Sarah Katherine Jane Villiers was born to George Frederick Laurence Hyde Villiers 7th Earl Clarendon (age 44).
Marriages on the 20th October
On 20th October 1496 Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile (age 18) and Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile (age 17) were married. She the daughter of Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 44) and Isabella Queen Castile (age 45). He the son of Maximilian Habsburg I Holy Roman Emperor (age 37) and Mary Valois Duchess Burgundy. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 20th October 1586 Henry Clinton 2nd Earl Lincoln (age 45) and Elizabeth Morrison Countess Lincoln were married. She by marriage Countess Lincoln. She the daughter of Richard Morrison and Bridget Hussey Countess Bedford (age 60). He the son of Edward Clinton 1st Earl Lincoln and Ursula Stourton Baroness Clinton. They were fifth cousins.
On 20th October 1600 Thomas Egerton 1st Viscount Brackley (age 60) and Alice Spencer Countess Derby (age 51) were married.
On 20th October 1746 John Turner 3rd Baronet (age 34) and Miss Stonehouse were married.
On 20th October 1793 Luke Gardiner 1st Viscount Mountjoy (age 48) and Margaret Wallis (age 23) were married. The difference in their ages was 24 years.
On 20th October 1794 George Talbot Rice 3rd Baron Dynevor (age 29) and Frances Townshend Baroness Dynevor were married. She by marriage Baroness Dynevor of Dynevor in Camarthenshire.
On 20th October 1800 Somerset Lowry-Corry 2nd Earl Belmore (age 26) and Juliana Butler Countess Belmore (age 17) were married. He the son of Armar Lowry-Corry 1st Earl Belmore (age 60) and Margaret Butler. They were first cousins.
On 20th October 1810 Edward Kerrison 1st Baronet (age 34) and Mary Martha Ellice were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square.
On 20th October 1812 George Cholmondeley 2nd Marquess Cholmondeley (age 20) and Caroline Anne Julie Campbell were married at Gibraltar. He the son of George Cholmondeley 1st Marquess Cholmondeley (age 63) and Georgina Charlotte Bertie Marchioness Cholmondeley (age 51).
On 20th October 1813 Augustus Clifford 1st Baronet (age 25) and Elizabeth Frances Townshend (age 24) were married. He the illegitmate son of William Cavendish 5th Duke Devonshire and Elizabeth Christiana Hervey Duchess Devonshire (age 55). They were fifth cousins.
On 20th October 1877 William Pery 3rd Earl of Limerick (age 37) and Isabella Colquhoun Countess of Limerick were married. She by marriage Countess Limerick. He the son of William Henry Tennison Pery 2nd Earl of Limerick.
On 20th October 1879 Archibald Ernest Orr-Ewing 3rd Baronet (age 26) and Mabel Addington Lady Orr-Ewing were married.
On 20th October 1884 Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower 4th Duke of Sutherland (age 33) and Millicent Fanny St Clair-Erskine Duchess of Sutherland (age 17) were married; her seventeenth birthday. He the son of George Leveson-Gower 3rd Duke Sutherland (age 55) and Anne Hay Mackenzie Duchess Sutherland (age 55). They were fourth cousin once removed.
On 20th October 1900 Frederic Henley 4th Baron Henley 2nd Baron Northington (age 51) and Augusta Frederica Langham were married.
On 20th October 1915 Richard Wyndham-Quin 6th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl (age 28) and Helen Lindsay Swire were married. He the son of Windham Wyndham-Quin 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount Earl (age 58).
On 20th October 1966 James Hamilton 5th Duke of Abercorn (age 32) and Alexandra Phillips Duchess of Abercorn (age 20) were married. He the son of James Edward Hamilton 4th Duke of Abercorn (age 62) and Kathleen Hamilton Duchess of Abercorn (age 61).
Deaths on the 20th October
On 20th October 1139 Henry "Proud" Welf X Duke Bavaria (age 31) died.
On 20th October 1347 Adolph La Marck II Count La Marck died.
On 20th October 1626 William Cockayne (age 65) died. His son Charles Cockayne 1st Viscount Cullen (age 24) inherited Rushton Hall. The Hall descended in the Cullen fmaily until the death of the last Viscount Borlase Cockayne 6th Viscount Cullen in 1810.
On 20th October 1684 Thomas Strickland 2nd Baronet (age 45) died. His son William (age 19) succeeded 3rd Baronet Strickland of Boynton in Yorkshire.
On 20th October 1685 Robert Bruce 2nd Earl Elgin 1st Earl Ailesbury (age 59) died. His son Thomas (age 29) succeeded 3rd Earl Elgin, 2nd Earl Ailesbury, 2nd Viscount Bruce of Ampthill in Bedfordshire, 3rd Baron Bruce of Whorlton in Yorkshire, 2nd Baron Bruce of Skelton in Yorkshire. Elizabeth Seymour Countess Elgin and Ailesbury (age 30) by marriage Countess Elgin, Countess Ailesbury.
On 20th October 1690 Henry Felton 2nd Baronet (age 71) died. His son Adam (age 41) succeeded 3rd Baronet Felton of Playford in Suffolk.
On 20th October 1704 Mary Fairfax Duchess Buckingham (age 66) died.
On 20th October 1704 Elizabeth Cholmley Lady Dering (age 40) died. She was buried at St Nicholas' Church, Pluckley.
On 20th October 1729 Edward Montagu 3rd Earl Sandwich (age 59) died. He was buried at All Saints Church, Barnwell [Map]. His grandson John (age 10) succeeded 4th Earl Sandwich.
On 20th October 1736 Anne Campbell Countess Bute (age 50) died.
On 20th October 1740 William Williams-Wynn 2nd Baronet (age 75) died. His son Watkin (age 48) succeeded 3rd Baronet Williams of Gray's Inn.
On 20th October 1740 Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor (age 55) died.
On 20th October 1743 Michael Dahl (age 84) died.
On 20th October 1750 Edward Nightingale (age 54) died at Bath, Somerset [Map]. His son Edward (age 24) de jure 8th Baronet Nightingale of Newport Pond in Essex.
On 20th October 1758 Charles Spencer 3rd Duke of Marlborough (age 51) died. His son George (age 19) succeeded 4th Duke Marlborough, 4th Marquess of Blandford, 4th Earl of Marlborough, 4th Baron Churchill of Sandridge in Hertfordshire, 6th Earl of Sunderland, 8th Baron Spencer Wormleighton.
On 20th October 1758 Rebecca Herbert Baroness Bergavenny died at Little Gaddesden, Hertfordshire.
On 20th October 1775 John Molesworth 5th Baronet (age 46) died. His son William (age 17) succeeded 6th Baronet Molesworth of Pencarrow in Cornwall.
On 20th October 1783 Walden Hanmer 1st Baronet (age 66) died. His son Thomas (age 36) succeeded 2nd Baronet Hamner of Hamner in Flintshire. Margaret Kenyon Lady Hanmer by marriage Lady Hamner of Hamner in Flintshire.
On 20th October 1787 Bishop James Beauclerk (age 78) died.
On 20th October 1789 Anne Lennox Countess Albermarle (age 86) died in Admiralty House Whitehall Palace.
On 20th October 1800 John Rushout 1st Baron Northwick (age 62) died. His son John (age 30) succeeded 2nd Baron Northwich of Northwick Park in Worcestershire, 6th Baronet Rushout of Northwick Park in Worcestershire.
On 20th October 1804 William Robert Fitzgerald 2nd Duke Leinster (age 55) died at Carton House, Carton, Kildare, County Kildare. His son Augustus (age 13) succeeded 3rd Duke Leinster.
On 20th October 1830 William Augustus Brown (age 66) died. Baronet Brown of the City and Liberty of Westminster extinct.
On 20th October 1832 William Rowley 2nd Baronet (age 71) died. His son Joshua (age 42) succeeded 3rd Baronet Rowley of Tendring Hall in Suffolk.
On 20th October 1839 John Russell 6th Duke Bedford (age 73) died. His son Francis (age 51) succeeded 7th Duke Bedford, 7th Marquess Tavistock, 11th Earl Bedford, 11th Baron Russell of Cheneys, 9th Baron Russell of Thornhaugh, 7th Baron Howland of Streatham. Anna Maria Stanhope Duchess Bedford (age 56) by marriage Marchioness Tavistock.
On 20th October 1865 John Vereker 3rd Viscount Gort (age 75) died.
On 20th October 1882 Maria Liddell Marchioness Normanby (age 84) died.
On 20th October 1883 George Chichester 3rd Marquess Donegal (age 86) died. His brother Edward (age 84) succeeded 4th Marquess Donegal. Amelia Ogrady Marchioness County Donegal by marriage Marchioness Donegal.
On 20th October 1889 George Stanley Byng 8th Viscount Torrington (age 48) died. His son George (age 3) succeeded 9th Viscount Torrington.
On 20th October 1898 Charles Watkin Shakerley 2nd Baronet (age 65) died. His son Walter (age 38) succeeded 3rd Baronet Shakerley of Somerford-Park in Cheshire.
On 20th October 1910 Walter Orlando Corbet 4th Baronet (age 54) died. His son Roland (age 18) succeeded 5th Baronet Corbet of Moreton Corbet in Shropshire.
On 20th October 1912 John Page Wood 5th Baronet (age 52) died. His son John (age 14) succeeded 6th Baronet Wood of Hatherley House in Gloucestershire.
On 20th October 1925 Andrew Fleming Hudleston le Fleming 8th Baronet (age 70) died at Dunedin, New Zealand without issue. His first cousin William (age 64) succeeded 9th Baronet Fleming of Rydal in Cumbria.
On 20th October 1935 Frederick "Fritz" Ponsonby 1st Baron Sysonby (age 68) died. His son Edward (age 32) succeeded 2nd Baron Sysonby of Wonersh in Surrey.
On 18th October 1938 or 20th October 1938 Francis Arthur Stanley ffolkes 5th Baronet (age 74) died. His son Edward (age 39) succeeded 6th Baronet ffolkes of Hillington Hall in Norfolk.
On 20th October 1960 Jessie Smither aka Denise Orme Duchess Leinster (age 75) died.
On 20th October 1976 John Scott 4th Earl Eldon (age 77) died. His son John (age 39) succeeded 5th Earl Eldon, 5th Viscount Encoumbe of Encombe in Dorest, 5th Baron Eldon of Eldon in County Durham.
On 20th October 1994 Muriel Mary Swinstead aka Oriel Ross Countess Poulett (age 87) died.
On 20th October 2000 Kenelm Charles Pepys 8th Earl of Cottenham (age 51) died. His son Mark (age 17) succeeded 9th Earl of Cottenham, 9th Viscount Crowhurst of Crowhurst in Surrey, 9th Baron Cottenham of Cottenham in Cambridgshire, 11th Baronet Pepys of Wimpole Street, 12th Baronet Pepys of Brook Street.
On 20th October 2009 Ian Vere Gyles Isham 13th Baronet (age 86) died. His brother Norman (age 79) succeeded 14th Baronet Isham of Lamport in Northamptonshire.