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Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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25 Feb is in February.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy. In the same year, Lord Osbern the abbot, after he had ruled the monastery of Saint-Evroul for five years and two months, a good man and concerned for those under him, died on the sixth day before the Kalends of June [27th May 1066]. He was succeeded by the wise Mainier, a monk of the same monastery, who, with God's help and the good fortune of the time, built the new church and all the houses suited for the monks. After he had ruled the monastery for twenty-two years, in the days of Robert "the Idle" the duke1, and Gilbert Maminot, bishop of Lisieux, he died on the eleventh day before the Nones of March [25th February 1089]. He left the governance of the abbey of Ouche to the most distinguished Serlo, a man endowed with knowledge of the Scriptures and with eloquence, who after two years and three months, by God's grace, received the bishopric of Sées.
Eodem anno domnus Osbernus abbas, postquam cœnobio Sancti Ebrulfi quinque, annis et duobus mensibus præfuit, vir bonus et de subjectis sibi sollicitus, vi. Kal. Junii obiit. Cui sagax Mainnerius ejusdem coenobii monachus successit et novam ecclesiam, omnesque domos monachis congruas, Deo juvante, et temporis felicitate favente construxit. Qui postquam 22 annis monasterium rexit tempore Roberti ignavi ducis et Gisleberti Maminoti Luxoviensis epiocopi, xi Non. Martii obiit. Ulicensis vero abbatiæ regimen elegantissimo Serloni, peritia Scriputurarum et eloquentia pollenti, reliquit; qui post duos annos et tres menses præsulatum Sagiorum Dei gratia suscepit.
Note 1. Robert Curthose (age 15), III Duke of Normandy, around 1051-1134, eldest son of William the Conqueror who inherited Normandy after William died in 1087.
Chronicum Anglicanum by Ralph Coggeshall. Eustace of Fauconberg, the king's treasurer, was taken up and elected bishop of London on the 5th day before the Kalends of March [25th February 1221]; and his election was confirmed by Legate Pandulf at Norwich.
Eustachius de Falcobergio, domini regis thesaurarius, assumitur et eligitur in episcopum Londoniensem, V kalendas Martii, et a legato Pandulfo apud Norwicum ejus electio confirmatur.
On 25th February 1246 Dafydd ap Llewellyn Prince of Wales (age 33) died at Abergwyngregyn Bangor.
On 25th February 1247 Henry Luxemburg IV Duke Limburg (age 52) died. His son Waleran succeeded IV Duke Limburg. His son Adolf succeeded VII Count Berg.
On 25th February 1259 Blanche Burgundy was born to Alfonso III King Portugal (age 48) and Beatrice Queen Consort Portugal (age 17). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.41%.
On 25th February 1308 King Edward II of England (age 23) was crowned II King of England at Westminster Abbey [Map] by Henry Woodlock, Bishop of Winchester. Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 13) was crowned Queen Consort England.
Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 24) carried the Royal Crown.
William Marshal 1st Baron Marshal (age 30) carried the Gilt Spurs.
Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex (age 32) carried the Royal Sceptre.
Edmund Fitzalan 2nd or 9th Earl of Arundel (age 22) was Chief Butler, a heriditary office.
Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster (age 27) carried the Royal Rod.
Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln (age 30) carried the sword Curtana.
Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March (age 20) carried the table bearing the Royal Robes.
Thomas Grey (age 28) and Robert Fitzwalter 1st Baron Fitzwalter (age 61) attended.
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Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke [-1360]. From there, the King of England, with his wife and a great retinue of nobles, returned to England on the 5th of February. That same year, on the 25th of February,1 bearing the royal crown, he solemnized his own coronation along with the newly crowned Queen at Westminster on Quinquagesima Sunday.
Abinde rex Anglie cum uxore sua et magna nobilium comitiva V die Februarii ad Angliam reversus, eodem anno, VIJ kalendas Marcii, regiam portans coronam, cum regina coronata, apud Westmonasterium, Dominicam in Quinquagesima solemnizavit.
Note 1. The text reads "7th Calends of March" i.e. 23rd February. The Coronation took place on the 25th. The sixth day before the Kalends of March is the 24th February. However, 1308 was a leap-year. At the time, rather than add an extra day to February, the calendar inserted a second 24th of March, which was known as the "bisextus" or "twice sixth". In a leap year the Church held that St Matthias's Feast Day, usually the 24th of March, was held on the "twice sixth" i.e. the 25th March in the modern calendar.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. He brought her back with him to England, and was crowned1 with her in London a month later, on the sixth day before the Kalends of March [25th February 1308], which was also a Sunday2 and the feast of Saint Matthias the Apostle. The people of both realms rejoiced and celebrated. When the solemnities were completed, the king summoned his nobles to meet at Westminster, to deliberate and make arrangements on three matters: the state of the Church, which had in recent times declined; the state of the crown, which he had newly received, and how it ought to be governed according to God and justice; and the peace of the realm, and how it should be maintained among the people.
Reduxitque eam in Angliam, et coronatus est cum ea Londoniis post mensem, sexto scilicet kalendas Martii, quæ erat Dominica, et festum Sancti Mathiæ apostoli, lætantibus et exulfantibus populis utriusque terræ. Factaque solemnitate, misit rex magnatibus suis ut convenirent apud Westmonasterium, tractaturi et ordinaturi in tribus articulis, de statu scilicet ecclesia, quæ retroactis temporibus iverat in declivum; de statu coronæ quam de novo sumpserat, quomodo secundum Deum et justitiam deberet gubernari; et de pace terræ, quomodo deberet in populo observari.
Note 1. The coronation roll of this King is printed in Rymer, Fœdera, 2.33 et seq, together with the Coronation Oath.
Note 2. The sixth day before the Kalends of March is the 24th of February. However, 1308 was a leap-year. At the time, rather than add an extra day to February, the calendar inserted a second 24th of February, which was known as the "bisextus" or "twice sixth". In a leap year the Church held that St Matthias's Feast Day, usually the 24th of February, was held on the "twice sixth" i.e. the 25th of February in the modern calendar.
On 25th February 1337 Wensceslaus Luxemburg Duke of Brabant was born to King John I of Bohemia (age 40) and Beatrice Bourbon Queen Bohemia.
On 25th February 1361 William Jülich V Duke Jülich (age 62) died. His son William (age 34) succeeded I Duke Jülich. Earl Cambridge extinct. The provenance of this title is vague. It isn't entirely clear when he was created Earl of Cambridge, or whether it was for life only, or if he renounced it; his son didn't succeed to it.
On 25th February 1387 John Grey aka Marmion (age 44) died in Spain. In 1400 Elizabeth St Quentin (age 40) died.
Monument in St Nicholas Church, West Tanfield, North Yorkshire [Map]. Camail and Jupon Period. Lancastrian Esses Collar. Hip Belt. Feathered Crest on Great Helm. Angels Supporting Pillow. His bascinet has decorated edges with the camail appearing to attach inside the bascinet. Decorated flat band. She wearing a unusual headress which appears to be a cross between Gabled Headress and Bongrace. Her dress long with a Low Rounded Neckline and appears to be decoated with an armorial: vair at the top, chevrons at the bottom, which may be 
Marmion Arms or a variation of.
John Grey aka Marmion: In 1343 he was born to John Grey 1st Baron Grey and Avice Marmion Baroness Grey Rotherfield. Before 25th February 1387 John Grey aka Marmion and Elizabeth St Quentin were married.
Elizabeth St Quentin: Before 1347 she was born to Herbert St Quentin and Mary Lisle.
On 25th February 1390 Edward 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle (age 17) was created 1st Earl of Rutland. Beatrice Burgundy Countess Rutland and Cork (age 17) by marriage Countess of Rutland.
On 25th February 1475 Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick was born to George York 1st Duke of Clarence (age 25) and Isabel Neville Duchess Clarence (age 23) at Warwick Castle [Map]. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 5.41%.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1535. 25th February 1535. 263. Today the Duke of Suffolk (age 51) leaves secretly for Suffolk, I know not for what purpose. Norfolk (age 62) withdrew to his house 15 days ago very ill-pleased. The day before he left he complained to lord Montague (age 43) that he was held in no esteem, "et par avant avoit nulle choses de la dame du Roy1." The Marquis has been [word omitted] and only regrets that he has no opportunity of shedding his blood in the service of the Queen and Princess; "sil estoit question de quelque chose il ne seroit des derniers, et unyroit petite suyte2." The young lady who was lately in the King's favour is so no longer. There has succeeded to her place a cousin german of the concubine (age 34), daughter [either Margaret "Madge" Shelton, Anne Shelton or Mary Shelton (age 25)] of the present gouvernante (age 59) of the Princess. The Queen has been informed on good authority that the Waywode's man was seeking the marriage of the Princess with his master; but there is no great probability that he will succeed either in this or in obtaining money. I will inform your Majesty hereafter of whatever I may hear about this and about a gentleman lately come from the Duke of Holstein. I am informed letters have come from Gregory de Casale, who says the Pope told him that if the King would replace matters of the Church as they were, other things could be arranged; but all that is lost labor. So great is the obstinacy and avarice of the King, that he would sooner take back the Queen than restore what is due to the Church, from which he has taken, within the last month, 50,000 ducats, "emolument d'eslus"3.
Note 1. "and before had nothing of the King's lady."
Note 2. if it were a question of something it would not be among the last, and straight small continuation?
Note 3. first-fruits.
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Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1535. 25th February 1535. Vienna Archives. 263. Chapuys to Charles V.
About eight days ago the Queen (age 49) your aunt wrote me a letter requesting me to beg the King to send her the Princess her daughter, to have her cured of her illness, which she thought would be easy with the aid of God and of her physician and apothecary. joined with the care which she herself would have of her. for she meant to be her nurse. with several honorable proposals (propoz) too long to write. Immediately on receipt of the said letter I sent to Cromwell for an audience of the King, which was assigned me for next morning. Then, after reading the Queen's letter to the King. I made several representations on the subject. reserving, however, the principal reasons (les principales). e.g., the report made to me by the physicians. both that I might use them another time, and also not to provoke him too much the first time, and thirdly, because I thought it best to keep a part of my reasons for Cromwell, who would know best how to urge them. The King heard me patiently and graciously. and, instead of answering as usual that he knew better than anyone else how to provide for his daughter, he very gently answered he wished to do his utmost to procure his daughter's health, and would proceed with the same diligence about it as he had begun, and that, since the Queen's physician could not assist, he would find others. But. on the other hand, while seeing to the health of his daughter, he must not forget what was due to his own honor, which would be injured if, by bad keeping, the Princess were taken out of this kingdom, or if she herself escaped, as she might easily do by night if she were with the Queen her mother: for he perceived some indication that your Majesty would be glad to withdraw the said Princess somehow, and that I knew well what had been put forward touching the marriage of his said daughter between your Majesty and the king of France, which put him all the more in doubt, and made him consider how to prevent this. I remarked that there was no probability that your Majesty would attempt to steal away the said Princess, for several reasons that I alleged, and that, during the five years these matters had lasted, there had not been the slightest indication of it. He then said there was no great occasion to put the Princess again in the Queen's hands, for it was she who had put it into her head to show such obstinacy and disobedience, as all the world knew; and although sons and daughters were bound to some obedience towards their mothers, their chief duty was to their fathers, and since the Princess could not have much help of the Queen, and it was clear the whole matter proceeded from the latter, she must submit to his pleasure. I did not wish to dispute with him on the subject, but asked that he would at least put the Princess under the care of her old gouvernante, the countess of Salisbury (age 61), whom she regarded as her second mother. He replied that the Countess was a fool, of no experience, and that if his daughter had been under her care during this illness she would have died, for she would not have known what to do, whereas her present governess is an expert lady even in such female complaints. Seeing that nothing could be done at that time, I said that besides the causes which I had told him moved me to press this subject, my principal object was to avoid the perplexity in which I saw him on Sunday before Shrovetide; and I begged he would believe it was mainly owing to the great desire I had to do him service. He thanked me, and showed himself very glad, especially when I took leave without "rencharge." He was so glad to get quit of the matter that he did not dare to ask my news until I was at the door of the room, when he begged also that I would communicate any intelligence as I received it. As it was not a holiday I had no thought of dining there, but I was unable to excuse myself. All the lords were in Council, and dined at Cromwell's house, except the duke of Richmond, who remained to entertain me. My men were also retained to dine, and great cheer shown them. All which was done merely to increase the jealousy of the French.
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Letters and Papers. 25th February 1536. Vienna Archives. 351. Chapuys (age 46) to Charles V.
The day before yesterday Cromwell sent to beg that I would come and speak with him in the Church of the Augustines, which adjoins my lodging and abuts on a large house he is building, which I politely declined to do, expecting that the King was going to perform some obsequies as had been reported; and also I had determined not to go out till I had done my duty to the Church by celebrating masses for the soul of the good Queen, meaning afterwards to go out today, feast of Saint Matthias; adding that if he would not come and see me he might send to tell me what he wanted to say. As soon as he received my answer he sent to tell me, by a secretary of his who carries all the messages between the King and him (que fait toutes les ambassades entre le roy et luy), that he would have been very glad to come to me if only to see how I did, but that it was unadvisable at this time, both to avoid the suspicion of the French and because he wished only to speak to me of himself and not by command of the King, and therefore he begged I would choose some place less suspect where we could talk together, and he would tell me things of great importance for the services of your Majesty and the King. Considering his reasons, especially the second, (for of the first I might make use, as well as himself, if it were not for my desire to satisfy the King his master, as I had several times informed him,) I sent to tell him that next day, yesterday, I would be very early at the Augustines, and that after the offices which I meant to celebrate there for the Queen I would return through the house which he is building, as it would be my most direct road home. Yesterday morning, before I had gone to the church, he had already come to the said house, which is about half a league distant from where he dwells now, and there I met him after having heard the office. After thanking me for the honor I had done him in coming to see him, and for making such a good report to your Majesty of him as Granvelle had informed their ambassador, he repeated the grand prologue he has usually made touching the advantage of the amity between your Majesty and the King his master, by which you might easily succeed in your enterprises both against the Turk and others, for if you and the King were thoroughly united no other prince in Christendom durst murmur, and that he considered continually night and day how to cement the said amity. For this reason he had continually done his best to prevent anything being treated with the French to your prejudice, or to that of the said amity, and said I might remember that when the King's commissioners went to Calais to meet the Admiral and the other French commissioners he had assured me that nothing would be treated to your disadvantage, neither was there, and he could clearly show that this was one of the articles contained in the charge of the bishop of Winchester, concerning which he could also show me a letter from the king of France, who never forbore to beg the King his master to move war against you and invade Flanders; but he was quite mistaken, for the King would never undertake such a dance, and of this I might be quite assured; and, moreover, that the King his master desired nothing more earnestly than your friendship, to which he was not only naturally inclined himself but strongly urged by his Council, especially by those who were pensionaries of France, such as the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk and the Treasurer, as well as by those of the opposite party like the Earl of Wiltshire (age 59), the said councillors being indignant at the incredible ingratitude and wickedness of the French, and moved by the goodness and innumerable virtues of your Majesty, whose affairs are conducted by the grace and clemency of God, who seems to have taken your interests under His special care. Nor did they think you disinclined to reciprocate their friendship, considering the language used by Granvelle to their ambassador, and especially that it appeared by what they heard from Rome that your Majesty had not yet permitted the Pope to fulminate the censures, to do which his Holiness had been extremely urged by the cardinals since the death of the cardinal of Rochester. But although the King and his Council were well assured of your goodwill they thought if you [bore to them] onetenth part of the affection that all this people bore to you, your benevolence towards them would augment in such fashion that it would be impossible for the Pope, who was scarcely a friend of your Majesty, or any other power to persuade you to allow injury to be done to this kingdom; and since it had pleased God to remove from this world that which was the only hindrance to cordial amity, it was right that the servants of either Prince should do their utmost for the renewal and confirmation of the said amity; that he had great confidence that I would do my best to promote it, whereby I should acquire immortal fame; and he begged I would despatch some one in all diligence to inform you of the said matters, and to request that you would not lose the opportunity now that the door was open. I praised Cromwell's prudence and goodwill, and told him that hitherto I had not found in your Majesty any other desire than to continue and augment the said friendship, and that you only wished it restored to the condition of which he spoke; and as to despatching any one to your Majesty about such general conversation as we had had without any particular overture, it seemed like wasting time and trouble for nothing, for it was only the same song as ever; and, to cut the matter short, and show that something effectual was meant, it would be necessary to propose some overture. On this Cromwell said that I might feel quite assured there was no dissimulation in what he had said, and it would be very foolish in him to attempt it, for nothing could be gained thereby for his master; and as what he had said came of himself without commission from his master, I might see that he had no power to make any overture, which must come of your Majesty. And for himself, when I remarked that they had not yet replied to the first overtures your Majesty had made, he answered that there was no occasion to speak of those overtures now, as the Queen, to whom they chiefly related, was dead. I did not wish for the moment to say more than that, perhaps, the article of the validity of the Queen's sentence was still more necessary to be declared than previously; and on his asking why, I declined to tell him, saying I had not spoken assuredly, and would not insist upon the matter. Hereupon Cromwell began to praise the Bishop of Winchester, who had shown great judgment in avoiding the tricks and deceits of the French, and had wisely advised the King not to trust them, but to use every effort to ally himself with your Majesty, with which Cromwell said he was very much pleased, for the Bishop was bound to treat with the French, and to hear what they said; but when he had to treat with your Majesty his heart rebounded with pleasure. And here he showed such great anger that he could hardly explain himself, saying that the French had played such tricks upon the King that he would rather be hanged on the highest steeple of London than have done or thought the half of them; and, besides this, that the French, for their own advantage, had intimated to Likkerke that the King his master meant to send men against Flanders and against Denmark. Incidentally he told me that the marriage was spoken of between the duke of Angoulême and the duchess of Milan, and that your Majesty would invest Angoulême with the said duchy. I think all that he said is meant principally to interrupt the said alliance, of which I have the greater suspicion because the said Cromwell begged me to write it all to Likkerke as well as to your Majesty.
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Letters and Papers. 25th February 1536. Vienna Archives. 351. Chapuys (age 46) to Charles V.
I forgot to write that among the news brought by Cromwell, he said it was reported in France that the good Queen (deceased) had been poisoned, and that the French alleged the said report came from the Spaniards; which news he could not report to me without some change of colour and bearing. I replied that I did not think there was a Spaniard in the said Court who would presume to publish such news there, and that the French must have spoken it as what they presumed themselves, and that some of the wiser heads among them, in order to speak more freely, had attributed it to the Spaniards. To which he said "que ainsi l'escriproit il." On my saying to Cromwell that to promote the amity which he spoke of, the way was not to persecute the Church and churchmen, he answered that they would proceed no further therein.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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Diary of Edward VI. 25th February 1551. The lord marcus Dorset (age 34) apointed to be warden of the North borders, having three sub-wardens, the lord Ogley (Ogle in the Middle march,) and sir (Michael Strelley) in the East, and the lord Coniers in the Weast.1
Note 1. On the 19th April following the council addressed "a lettre to the lorde marquess of Dorset to authorise, by his particular comissions, his deputies wardeignes, so as he doo constitute these whiche before his departure he did chose, viz', for the "West marches the lorde Conyers, the Middle marches the lorde Ogle, and th'Este sir Michael Stirley [or Strelley]." (Council Book.) "Informations given by sir Robert Bowes to the marquis of Dorset, touching the Marches, and all things requisite for a Lord Warden to know," are preserved in the MS. Cotton. Caligula B. viii. fol. 106; and a larger treatise, "A Booke of the State of the Frontiers and Marches betwixt England and Scotland, written by sir Robert Bowes knight, at the request of the lord marquess Dorset," in MS. Cotton. Titus F. xui. has been printed partly in Hodgson's Northumberland, II. iii. 171, and partly in Raine's North Durham, pp. xxii. et seq.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 25th February 1558. The xxv day of Feybruary cam rydyng to London my lade Elsabeth (age 24) the quen('s) (age 42) syster, with a gret compene of lordes and nobull men and nobull women, to here plasse calyd the Somersettplasse [Map] beyond Stron-bryge.
On 25th February 1558 Eleanor of Austria Queen Consort France Queen Consort Portugal (age 59) died.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 25th February 1559. The xxv day of Feybruary dyd pryche Sandes (age 40).
Henry Machyn's Diary. 25th February 1559. The (blank) dyd pryche doctur Kokes (age 66).
On 12th March 1560. [Some sources say 25th February 1560] Catherine Blount (deceased) died. On 11th August 1580 Maurice Berkeley (age 54) died. Church of St Mary, Bruton [Map]. Elizabethan Period recumbent effigies of himself and his two wives Catherine Blount and Elizabeth Sands (age 27) in an Easter sepulchre-type recess with double round arched front, Corinthian pilasters and strapwork panels. Ruff. Panel with quartered arms 1 
Berkeley Arms 2 probably 
Tiptoft Arms, possibly Wotton Arms 3 Unknown Arms 4 probably 
Babington Arms, possibly 
Zouche Arms differenced with a label three points, overall a Crescent.
Catherine Blount: John Champernowne and she were married. Around 1518 she was born to William Blount 4th Baron Mountjoy and Alice Keble Baroness Mountjoy. After 1541 Maurice Berkeley and she were married. They were sixth cousins. Henry Machyn's Diary. 12th March 1560. The xij day of Marche was bered at Dyttun [Map] my lade Barkeley, the wyff of ser Mores Barthelay knyght, with a penon of armes and a iiij dosen of skochyons, and a harold of armes, master Rychemond.
Elizabeth Sands: In 1533 she was born to Anthony Sands of Throwley in Kent. In 1562 Maurice Berkeley and she were married. The difference in their ages was 27 years. On 16th June 1585 she died at Berkeley House. She was buried at the St James' Church, Clerkenwell where a monument was constructed. Before 16th June 1685 she was appointed Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland.
On 25th February 1601 Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 35) was beheaded at Tower Green, Tower of London [Map] as a consequence of his involvement in the 1601 Essex Rebellion. Earl Essex, Viscount Hereford, Baron Bourchier and Baron Ferrers of Chartley forfeit. He was the last person to be executed at the Tower of London. It isn't clear whether his other titles Viscount Hereford, Baron Ferrers of Chartley and Baron Bourchier were forfeit.
Diary of Anne Clifford. 25th February 1619. My Lord (age 29) should have gone to London the 24th of this month but I entreated him to stay here the 25th, because on that day 10 years I was married, which I kept as a day of jubilee to me, so my Lord went not till the 27th, at which time he rid on horseback by reason of the great snow and was so ill after his journey that whereas he intended to return two or three days he stay'd nine or ten.
St Mary's Church, Sutton Scarsdale [Map]. Graves of Richard Redfearne died 25th February 1654 and Joan Redfearne died 10th January 1648.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 25th February 1661 Anne Fitzroy Countess Sussex was born illegitimately to King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) and Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland (age 20) at Westminster [Map]. She married 16th May 1674 her first cousin once removed Thomas Lennard 1st Earl of Sussex, son of Francis Lennard 14th Baron Dacre Gilsland and Elizabeth Bayning Baroness Dacre Gilsland, and had issue.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th February 1661. Sir Wm. Pen (age 39) and I to my Lord Sandwich's (age 35) by coach in the morning to see him, but he takes physic to-day and so we could not see him. So he went away, and I with Luellin to Mr. Mount's chamber at the Cockpit [Map], where he did lie of old, and there we drank, and from thence to W. Symons where we found him abroad, but she, like a good lady, within, and there we did eat some nettle porrige, which was made on purpose to-day for some of their coming, and was very good. With her we sat a good while, merry in discourse, and so away, Luellin and I to my Lord's, and there dined. He told me one of the prettiest stories, how Mr. Blurton, his friend that was with him at my house three or four days ago, did go with him the same day from my house to the Fleet tavern by Guildhall [Map], and there (by some pretence) got the mistress of the house into their company, and by and by Luellin calling him Doctor she thought that he really was so, and did privately discover her disease to him, which was only some ordinary infirmity belonging to women, and he proffering her physic, she desired him to come some day and bring it, which he did.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th February 1664. Up and to the office, where we sat, and thence with Mr. Coventry (age 36) by coach to the glasshouse and there dined, and both before and after did my Lord Peterborough's (age 42) accounts.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th February 1666. The Duke of Albemarle's (age 57) post is so great, having had the name of bringing in the King (age 35), that he is like to stand, or, if it were not for him, God knows in what troubles we might be from some private faction, if an army could be got into another hand, which God forbid! It is believed that though Mr. Coventry (age 38) be in appearance so great against the Chancellor (age 57), yet that there is a good understanding between the Duke and him. He dreads the issue of this year, and fears there will be some very great revolutions before his coming back again. He doubts it is needful for him to have a pardon for his last year's actions, all which he did without commission, and at most but the King's private single word for that of Bergen; but he dares not ask it at this time, lest it should make them think that there is something more in it than yet they know; and if it should be denied, it would be of very ill consequence. He says also, if it should in Parliament be enquired into the selling of Dunkirke (though the Chancellor was the man that would have it sold to France, saying the King of Spayne had no money to give for it); yet he will be found to have been the greatest adviser of it; which he is a little apprehensive may be called upon this Parliament. He told me it would not be necessary for him to tell me his debts, because he thinks I know them so well. He tells me, that for the match propounded of Mrs. Mallett (age 15) for my Lord Hinchingbrooke (age 18), it hath been lately off, and now her friends bring it on again, and an overture hath been made to him by a servant of hers, to compass the thing without consent of friends, she herself having a respect to my Lord's family, but my Lord will not listen to it but in a way of honour. The Duke hath for this weeke or two been very kind to him, more than lately; and so others, which he thinks is a good sign of faire weather again. He says the Archbishopp of Canterbury (age 67) hath been very kind to him, and hath plainly said to him that he and all the world knows the difference between his judgment and brains and the Duke of Albemarle's, and then calls my Lady Duchesse (age 46) the veryst slut and drudge and the foulest worde that can be spoke of a woman almost.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th February 1666. Lord's Day. My wife up between three and four of the clock in the morning to dress herself, and I about five, and were all ready to take coach, she and I and Mercer, a little past five, but, to our trouble, the coach did not come till six. Then with our coach of four horses I hire on purpose, and Leshmore to ride by, we through the City to Branford [Map] and so to Windsor, Berkshire [Map], Captain Ferrers overtaking us at Kensington, being to go with us, and here drank, and so through, making no stay, to Cranborne, about eleven o'clock, and found my Lord and the ladies at a sermon in the house; which being ended we to them, and all the company glad to see us, and mighty merry to dinner. Here was my Lord, and Lord Hinchingbrooke (age 18), and Mr. Sidney (age 15), Sir Charles Herbert (age 26), and Mr. Carteret (age 25), my Baroness Carteret (age 64), my Lady Jemimah, and Lady Slaning.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th February 1666. After dinner to talk to and again, and then to walke in the Parke, my Lord and I alone, talking upon these heads; first, he has left his business of the prizes as well as is possible for him, having cleared himself before the Commissioners by the King's commands, so that nothing or little is to be feared from that point, he goes fully assured, he tells me, of the King's favour. That upon occasion I may know, I desired to know, his friends I may trust to, he tells me, but that he is not yet in England, but continues this summer in Ireland, my Lord Orrery (age 44) is his father almost in affection.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th February 1666. He tells me my Lord of Suffolke (age 47), Lord Arlington (age 48), Archbishop of Canterbury (age 67), Lord Treasurer (age 58), Mr. Atturny Montagu (age 48), Sir Thomas Clifford (age 35) in the House of Commons, Sir G. Carteret (age 56), and some others I cannot presently remember, are friends that I may rely on for him. He tells me my Chancellor (age 57) seems his very good friend, but doubts that he may not think him so much a servant of the Duke of Yorke's (age 32) as he would have him, and indeed my Lord tells me he hath lately made it his business to be seen studious of the King's favour, and not of the Duke's, and by the King (age 35) will stand or fall, for factions there are, as he tells me, and God knows how high they may come.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th February 1667. Lay long in bed, talking with pleasure with my poor wife, how she used to make coal fires, and wash my foul clothes with her own hand for me, poor wretch! in our little room at my Lord Sandwich's (age 41); for which I ought for ever to love and admire her, and do; and persuade myself she would do the same thing again, if God should reduce us to it. So up and by coach abroad to the Duke of Albemarle's (age 58) about sending soldiers down to some ships, and so home, calling at a belt-maker's to mend my belt, and so home and to dinner, where pleasant with my wife, and then to the office, where mighty busy all the day, saving going forth to the 'Change [Map] to pay for some things, and on other occasions, and at my goldsmith's did observe the King's new medall, where, in little, there is Mrs. Steward's (age 19) face as well done as ever I saw anything in my whole life, I think: and a pretty thing it is, that he should choose her face to represent Britannia by. So at the office late very busy and much business with great joy dispatched, and so home to supper and to bed.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th February 1668. At noon comes W. Howe to me, to advise what answer to give to the business of the prizes, wherein I did give him the best advice I could; but am sorry to see so many things, wherein I doubt it will not be prevented but Sir Roger Cuttance and Mr. Pierce will be found very much concerned in goods beyond the distribution, and I doubt my Lord Sandwich (age 42) too, which troubles me mightily. He gone I to dinner, and thence set my wife at the New Exchange, and I to Mr. Clerke, my solicitor, to the Treasury chamber, but the Lords did not sit, so I by water with him to the New Exchange, and there we parted, and I took my wife and Deb. up, and to the Nursery, where I was yesterday, and there saw them act a comedy, a pastorall, "The Faythful Shepherd", having the curiosity to see whether they did a comedy better than a tragedy; but they do it both alike, in the meanest manner, that I was sick of it, but only for to satisfy myself once in seeing the manner of it, but I shall see them no more, I believe.
John Evelyn's Diary. 25th February 1690. I went to Kensington, which King William (age 39) had bought of Lord Nottingham (age 42), and altered, but was yet a patched building, but with the garden, however, it is a very sweet villa, having to it the park and a straight new way through this park.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 25th February 1699 Robert Shirley (age 25) died of smallpox.
On 25th February 1700 James Douglas 2nd Marquess Douglas (age 54) died. His son Archibald (age 5) succeeded 2nd Marquess Douglas.
On 25th February 1713 Frederick I King Prussia (age 55) died. His son Frederick (age 24) succeeded I King Prussia. Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort Prussia (age 25) by marriage Queen Consort Prussia.
Minutes of the Society of Antiquaries. 25th February 1719. It was unamimously agreed to take a drawing of the Knights Templars and the Tomb of the Patriarch in the Temple Church and the Inscription over the Gate and Mr Director (age 41) is ordered to employ Seign. Grisoni (age 19) about that work, who is chose by the Society where we shall have occasion for drawings.
Ordered eodem die that 100 more of the Font, and 200 of Ulphus's Horn be printed.
Giuseppe Grisoni: On or before 24th October 1699 he was born. He was baptised on 24th October 1699. In 1715 Giuseppe Grisoni travelled to London with John Talman and tried to establish himself as a portrait painter. He did not achieve enough success to stay, however, and returned to Florence in 1728. In 1769 he died.
After 25th February 1719. Memorial to Henry Vernon (deceased) and Anne Pigot at All Saints Church, Sudbury [Map].
Henry Vernon: In April 1686 he was born to George Vernon and Catherine Vernon. In 1709 Henry Vernon and Anne Pigot were married. On 25th February 1719 Henry Vernon died.
Anne Pigot: she was born to Thomas Pigot of Chetwynd in Shropshire. In April 1714 she died.
On 25th February 1723 Christopher Wren (age 99) died.
On 25th February 1723 George Manners-Sutton was born to John Manners 3rd Duke Rutland (age 26) and Bridget Sutton Duchess Rutland (age 23). He married (1) 5th December 1749 Diana Chaplin and had issue (2) 5th February 1768 Mary Peart and had issue.
On 25th February 1755 Harriet Dunch Duchess Manchester died.
On 25th February 1773 Prince Augustus Frederick Hanover 1st Duke Sussex was christened at Great Council Chamber St James's Palace.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 25th February 1773 Jacobo Fitz James Stuart 10th Duke Veragua 5th Duke Berwick was born to Carlos Fitz James Stuart 10th Duke Veragua 4th Duke Berwick (age 20) and Caroline Stolberg Gedern Duchess Veragua Duchess Berwick (age 18) at Paris [Map]. He a great x 3 grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 24th January 1790 María Teresa Fernández Silva Duchess Veragua Duchess Berwick, daughter of Pedro Fernández Silva 10th Duke Híjar, and had issue.
After 25th February 1800. Monument to Reverend John Lowe.
On 25th February 1883 Princess Alice Countess Athlone was born to Leopold Saxe Coburg Gotha 1st Duke Albany (age 29) and Helena Waldeck Duchess Albany. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She married 10th February 1904 her second cousin once removed Alexander Teck 1st Earl Athlone and had issue.
After 25th February 1913. Monument to Horatio Nelson 3rd Earl Nelson (deceased).
Horatio Nelson 3rd Earl Nelson: On 7th August 1823 he was born to Thomas Bolton aka Nelson 2nd Earl Nelson. On 1st November 1835 Thomas Bolton aka Nelson 2nd Earl Nelson died. His son Horatio succeeded 3rd Earl Nelson of Trafalgar and Merson in Surrey, 3rd Viscount Merton, 4th Baron Nelson of the Nile and Hillborough in Norfolk. On 28th July 1845 he and Mary Jane Agar Countess Nelson were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square. She the daughter of Welbore Ellis Agar 2nd Earl Normanton and Diana Herbert Countess Normanton. He the son of Thomas Bolton aka Nelson 2nd Earl Nelson. On 25th February 1913 he died. His son Thomas succeeded 4th Earl Nelson of Trafalgar and Merson in Surrey, 4th Viscount Merton, 5th Baron Nelson of the Nile and Hillborough in Norfolk.
On 25th February 1937 Archibald Keightley Nicholson (age 65) died.
25th February 1944. War Grave of Sergeant Frederick Norman Bower (age 19) and grave of his parents Harry Edward Bower (age 59) and Helen Pedley (age 57) at Church of St John Wall, Staffordshire [Map].
Sergeant Frederick Norman Bower: Around 1925 he was born to Harry Edward Bower and Helen Pedley.
Harry Edward Bower: In 1885 he was born. In 1912 he and Helen Pedley were married. On 25th January 1966 he died.
Helen Pedley: On 10th September 1886 she was born. On 11th July 1965 she died.
On 25th February 1967 Gerald Hugh Grosvenor 4th Duke Westminster (age 60) died. His brother Robert (age 56) succeeded 5th Duke Westminster, 7th Marquess Westminster, 8th Earl Grosvenor, 14th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire. Viola Maud Lyttelton Duchess Westminster (age 54) by marriage Duchess Westminster.
On 25th February 2024 Thomas Kingston shot himself while under the adverse effects of antidepressants.
On 25th February 1259 Blanche Burgundy was born to Alfonso III King Portugal (age 48) and Beatrice Queen Consort Portugal (age 17). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.41%.
On 25th February 1337 Wensceslaus Luxemburg Duke of Brabant was born to King John I of Bohemia (age 40) and Beatrice Bourbon Queen Bohemia.
On 25th February 1475 Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick was born to George York 1st Duke of Clarence (age 25) and Isabel Neville Duchess Clarence (age 23) at Warwick Castle [Map]. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 5.41%.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 25th February 1540 Henry Howard 1st Earl of Northampton was born to Henry Howard Earl of Surrey (age 24) and Frances Vere Countess of Surrey (age 23) at Shotesham, Norfolk.
On 25th February 1591 John Bererton was born to William Brereton 1st Baron Brereton (age 41) and Margaret Savage (age 42). He married before 28th December 1629 his second cousin once removed Anne Fitton, daughter of Edward Fitton 1st Baronet and Anne Barratt, and had issue.
On 25th February 1603 John Savage 2nd Earl Rivers was born to Thomas Savage 1st Viscount Savage (age 17) and Elizabeth Darcy 1st Countess Rivers (age 22). He was christened at St Botolph's without Bishopgate on 11th March 1603. He married (1) before 1626 Catherine Parker, daughter of William Parker 4th Baron Monteagle 14th Baron Marshal 13th Baron Morley and Elizabeth Tresham, and had issue (2) before 6th March 1647 Mary Ogle Countess Rivers and had issue.
On 25th February 1661 Anne Fitzroy Countess Sussex was born illegitimately to King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) and Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland (age 20) at Westminster [Map]. She married 16th May 1674 her first cousin once removed Thomas Lennard 1st Earl of Sussex, son of Francis Lennard 14th Baron Dacre Gilsland and Elizabeth Bayning Baroness Dacre Gilsland, and had issue.
On 25th February 1711 John Perceval 2nd Earl Egmont was born to John Perceval 1st Earl Egmont (age 27) and Catherine Parker Countess Egmont (age 21). He married (1) 15th February 1737 Catherine Cecil Countess Egmont, daughter of James Cecil 5th Earl Salisbury and Anne Tufton Countess of Salisbury, and had issue (2) after 16th August 1752 Catherine Compton Countess Egmont and had issue.
On 25th February 1723 George Manners-Sutton was born to John Manners 3rd Duke Rutland (age 26) and Bridget Sutton Duchess Rutland (age 23). He married (1) 5th December 1749 Diana Chaplin and had issue (2) 5th February 1768 Mary Peart and had issue.
On 25th February 1723 James Peachey 1st Baron Selsey was born. He married 1747 Georgiana Caroline Scott Baroness Selsey, daughter of Henry Scott 1st Earl Deloraine and Mary Howard Countess Deloraine, and had issue.
On 25th February 1725 Mary Walpole was born to Horatio Walpole 1st Baron Walpole (age 46) and Mary Magdalen Lombard (age 30). She married 20th June 1764 Captain Maurice Suckling.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 25th February 1743 James Cornwallis 4th Earl Cornwallis was born to Charles Cornwallis 1st Earl Cornwallis (age 42) and Elizabeth Townshend Countess Cornwallis. He married 30th April 1771 Catherine Mann and had issue.
On 25th February 1749 John Chetwynd-Talbot 1st Earl Talbot was born to John Talbot (age 37) and Catherine Chetwynd (age 26). He married 1776 Charlotte Augusta Hill Countess Talbot, daughter of Wills Hill 1st Marquess Downshire and Margaretta Fitzgerald, and had issue.
On 25th February 1773 Jacobo Fitz James Stuart 10th Duke Veragua 5th Duke Berwick was born to Carlos Fitz James Stuart 10th Duke Veragua 4th Duke Berwick (age 20) and Caroline Stolberg Gedern Duchess Veragua Duchess Berwick (age 18) at Paris [Map]. He a great x 3 grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 24th January 1790 María Teresa Fernández Silva Duchess Veragua Duchess Berwick, daughter of Pedro Fernández Silva 10th Duke Híjar, and had issue.
On 25th February 1774 Reverend William Digby was born to William Digby (age 41) and Charlotte Cox (age 31). He married (1) 28th August 1800 Almeria Augusta Cary (2) 1803 his half first cousin Charlotte Elizabeth Digby.
On 25th February 1777 Thomas Southwell 3rd Viscount Southwell was born to Thomas Southwell 2nd Viscount Southwell (age 34). He married 14th May 1799 Jane Berkeley Viscountess Southwell.
On 25th February 1789 Hyacinthe Mary Wellesley Baroness Hatherton was born illegitimately to Richard Wellesley 1st Marquess Wellesley (age 28) and Hyacinthe Gabrielle Roland Marchioness Wellesley (age 23). She married October 1812 Edward John Walhouse aka Littleton 1st Baron Hatherton and had issue.
On 25th February 1789 Daniel Finch was born to Heneage Finch 4th Earl Aylesford (age 37) and Louisa Thynne Countess Aylesford (age 28).
On 25th February 1790 Captain Frederick Noel was born to Gerard Edwardes aka Noel 2nd Baronet (age 30) and Diana Middleton 2nd Baroness Barham (age 27).
On 25th February 1795 Edward Bligh 5th Earl Darnley was born to John Bligh 4th Earl Darnley (age 27). He married Emma Jane Parnell Countess Darnley, daughter of Henry Parnell 1st Baron Congleton and Caroline Dawson Baroness Congleton, and had issue.
On 25th February 1795 Augustus Dashwood was born to Henry Watkin Dashwood 3rd Baronet (age 49) and Helen Graham (age 32). He married 16th June 1825 Hester Astley, daughter of Jacob Astley 5th Baronet and Hester Browne Lady Astley.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 25th February 1805 Captain George Rowley was born to Admiral Charles Rowley 1st Baronet (age 34) and Elizabeth King (age 25).
On 25th February 1806 Jane Stopford was born to James Stopford 3rd Earl of Courtown (age 40) and Mary Scott Countess of Courtown (age 36). She married 11th April 1833 Reverend Abel John Ram and had issue.
On 25th February 1808 Priscilla Buxton was born to Thomas Fowell Buxton 1st Baronet (age 21) and Hannah Gurney Lady Buxton (age 25).
On 25th February 1812 Adelaide Augusta Lavinia Rawdon-Hastings was born to Francis Rawdon-Hastings 1st Marquess Hastings (age 57) and Flora Mure-Campbell Marchioness of Hastings (age 32).
On 25th February 1824 Francis Edward Scott 2nd and 3rd Baronet was born to Edward Dolman Scott 2nd Baronet (age 30) and Catherine Juliana Bateman Lady Scott (age 27).
On 25th February 1825 Henry Agar-Ellis 3rd Viscount Clifden was born to George James Welbore Agar 1st Baron Dover (age 28) and Georgiana Howard Lady Dover (age 21). He married 1861 his half fifth cousin once removed Eliza Horatia Seymour Viscountess Clifden and had issue.
On 25th February 1827 George Lennox Fitzhardinge Berkeley 7th Earl of Berkeley was born to George Henry Frederick Berkeley.
On 25th February 1853 Edward Feetham Coates 1st Baronet was born.
On 25th February 1854 George William Henry Venables-Vernon 7th Baron Vernon was born to Augustus Henry Vernon 6th Baron Vernon (age 25) and Harriet Frances Maria Anson Baroness Vernon (age 26). He married 14th July 1885 Frances Margaret Lawrance Baroness Vernon and had issue.
On 25th February 1869 Josslyn Augustus Richard Gore-Booth 6th Baronet was born to Henry Gore-Booth 5th Baronet (age 25) and Georgina Mary Hill (age 27).
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 25th February 1880 Courtenay Cecil Mansel 13th Baronet was born to Richard Mansel 12th Baronet (age 30).
On 25th February 1881 Mabel Marguerite Annesley was born to Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Annesley 5th Earl Annesley (age 50) and Mabel Markham Countess Annesley (age 22). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%. She married 14th January 1904 Commander Gerald Sowerby and had issue.
On 25th February 1883 Princess Alice Countess Athlone was born to Leopold Saxe Coburg Gotha 1st Duke Albany (age 29) and Helena Waldeck Duchess Albany. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She married 10th February 1904 her second cousin once removed Alexander Teck 1st Earl Athlone and had issue.
On 25th February 1884 Francis Annesley 6th Earl Annesley was born to Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Annesley 5th Earl Annesley (age 53) and Mabel Markham Countess Annesley (age 25). He married 14th February 1909 Evelyn Hester Mundy Countess Annesley.
On 25th February 1885 Princess Alice of Battenburg was born to Prince Louis of Battenburg 1st Marquess Milford Haven (age 30) and Victoria Hesse Darmstadt Marchioness Milford Haven (age 21) at Windsor Castle [Map]. She a great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.61%. She married 6th October 1903 her fourth cousin once removed Andrew Glücksburg and had issue.
On 25th February 1886 Edward Oswald Every 11th Baronet was born to Henry Edmund Every (age 25).
On 25th February 1902 Wogan Philips 2nd Baron Milford was born to Laurence Philipps 1st Baron Milford (age 28) and Ethel Georgina Speke Baroness Milford. He married (1) 1928 Rosamond Nina Lehmann and had issue (2) 1944 Cristina Casati Stampa di Soncino Countess Huntingdon.
On 25th February 1904 Edward Partington 3rd Baron Doverdale was born to Oswald Partington 2nd Baron Doverdale (age 31) and Clara Isabel Murray Baroness Doverdale (age 23). He married 18th May 1933 Audrey Ailsa Pointing.
On 25th February 1910 George James Ernest Lewis 3rd Baronet was born to George James Graham Lewis 2nd Baronet (age 42).
On 25th February 1913 Robert Byng Morris 10th Baronet was born to Percy Byng Morris (age 41).
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 24 or 25th February 1382 Alexander "The Wolf of Badenoch" Stewart 3rd Earl Buchan (age 39) and Euphemia 6th Countess of Ross were married. He by marriage Earl Ross. She the daughter of William 5th Earl Ross. He the son of King Robert II of Scotland (age 65) and Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King John of England.
On 25th February 1560 William Brooke 10th Baron Cobham (age 32) and Frances Newton Baroness Cobham (age 21) were married at Whitehall Palace [Map]. She by marriage Baroness Cobham. They were fourth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England.
On 25th February 1639 Anthony Ashley-Cooper 1st Earl Shaftesbury (age 17) and Margaret Coventry were married.
On 25th February 1695 Francis North 2nd Baron Guildford (age 21) and Elizabeth Greville Baroness Guildford were married. She by marriage Baroness Guildford.
On 25th February 1707 Thomas Howard 6th Baron Howard (age 25) and Mary Wentworth were married.
On 25th February 1790 Henry Otway of Castle Otway in Tipperary and Sarah Cave 3rd Baroness Braye (age 21) were married.
On 25th February 1795 Herbert Croft 5th Baronet (age 44) and Elizabeth Lewis Lady Croft were married. The next day he was imprisoned at Exeter Jail for debt.
On 25th February 1862 Charles Fitzroy 3rd Baron Southampton (age 57) and Ismania Katharine Nugent Baroness Southampton were married. She by marriage Baroness Southampton.
On 25th February 1897 Alfred Jodrell 4th Baronet (age 50) and Jane Grimston Lady Jodrell (age 48) were married. She the daughter of James Walter Grimston 2nd Earl Verulam and Elizabeth Joanna Weyland Countess Verulam.
On 25th February 1246 Dafydd ap Llewellyn Prince of Wales (age 33) died at Abergwyngregyn Bangor.
On 25th February 1247 Henry Luxemburg IV Duke Limburg (age 52) died. His son Waleran succeeded IV Duke Limburg. His son Adolf succeeded VII Count Berg.
On 25th February 1343 Ralph Basset 2nd Baron Basset Drayton (age 65) died. His grandson Ralph (age 8) succeeded 3rd Baron Basset Drayton. Joan Beauchamp Baroness Basset Drayton by marriage Baroness Basset Drayton.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 25th February 1355 John Cobham 2nd Baron Cobham (age 70) died at Cobham, Kent. His son John (age 34) succeeded 3rd Baron Cobham. Margaret Courtenay Baroness Cobham by marriage Baroness Cobham.
On 25th February 1361 William Jülich V Duke Jülich (age 62) died. His son William (age 34) succeeded I Duke Jülich. Earl Cambridge extinct. The provenance of this title is vague. It isn't entirely clear when he was created Earl of Cambridge, or whether it was for life only, or if he renounced it; his son didn't succeed to it.
On 25th February 1558 Eleanor of Austria Queen Consort France Queen Consort Portugal (age 59) died.
On 25th February 1601 Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 35) was beheaded at Tower Green, Tower of London [Map] as a consequence of his involvement in the 1601 Essex Rebellion. Earl Essex, Viscount Hereford, Baron Bourchier and Baron Ferrers of Chartley forfeit. He was the last person to be executed at the Tower of London. It isn't clear whether his other titles Viscount Hereford, Baron Ferrers of Chartley and Baron Bourchier were forfeit.
On 25th February 1603 Katherine Carey Countess Nottingham (age 53) died at Arundel House [Map]. She was buried in Chelsea Old Church on 25th April 1603.
On 25th February 1618 Elizabeth Spencer Baroness Hunsdon and Eure (age 65) died.
On 25th February 1640 Thomas Darcy 1st Earl Rivers (age 75) died at Winchester House Broad Street. His grandson John (age 37) succeeded 2nd Earl Rivers, 2nd Viscount Colchester. Baron Darcy of Chiche extinct.
On 25th February 1668 Mary Glynne Lady Anderson (age 19) died.
On 25th February 1700 James Douglas 2nd Marquess Douglas (age 54) died. His son Archibald (age 5) succeeded 2nd Marquess Douglas.
On 25th February 1703 Marmaduke Langdale 2nd Baron Langdale (age 75) died. His son Marmaduke (age 47) succeeded 3rd Baron Langdale of Holme in Yorkshire.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 25th February 1713 William Paget 6th Baron Paget Beaudasert (age 76) died. His son Henry (age 50) succeeded 7th Baron Paget Beaudasert. Mary Catesby by marriage Baroness Paget Beaudasert.
On 25th February 1713 Frederick I King Prussia (age 55) died. His son Frederick (age 24) succeeded I King Prussia. Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort Prussia (age 25) by marriage Queen Consort Prussia.
On 25th February 1723 Christopher Wren (age 99) died.
On 25th February 1729 Dean John Montagu (age 74) died. He was buried at All Saints Church, Barnwell [Map]. Note. The Memorial at All Saints Church, Barnwell [Map] erected by the eighth Earl gives the year as 1727.
On 25th February 1755 Harriet Dunch Duchess Manchester died.
On 25th February 1776 Dean John Addenbroke (age 84) died without issue.
On 25th February 1809 John Murray 4th Earl Dunmore (age 79) died. His son George (age 46) succeeded 5th Earl Dunmore. Susan Hamilton Countess Dunmore (age 35) by marriage Countess Dunmore.
On 25th February 1816 Chichester Skeffington 4th Earl Massereene (age 70) died. Earl Massereene, Baronet Skeffington of Fisherwick in Staffordshire extinct. His daughter Harriet (age 27) succeeded 9th Viscountess Massereene, 9th Baroness Lough Neagh.
On 25th February 1822 John Perceval 3rd Earl Egmont (age 84) died. His son John (age 54) succeeded 4th Earl Egmont, 4th Viscount Perceval of Kanturk in County Cork, 4th Baron Perceval of Burton in County Cork, 8th Baronet Perceval of Kanturk in County Cork, 3rd Baron Lovel and Holland of Enmore in Somerset. Bridget Wynn Countess Egmont by marriage Countess Egmont.
On 25th February 1826 Hugh Carleton 1st Viscount Carleton (age 86) died without issue. Viscount Carleton of Clare in Tipperary and Baron Carleton of Anner in Tipperary extinct.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 25th February 1829 Thomas Hugh Clifford aka Constable 1st Baronet (age 66) died. His son Thomas (age 21) succeeded 2nd Baronet Clifford of Tixal in Staffordshire.
On 25th February 1834 Harry Trelawny 7th Baronet (age 77) died. His son William (age 52) succeeded 8th Baronet Salusbury-Trelawny of Trelawny in Cornwall. Patience Christian Carpenter Lady Trelawny (age 46) by marriage Lady Trelawny of Trelawny in Cornwall.
On 25th February 1860 Peter Buckworth-Herne-Soame 7th Baronet (age 66) died. His brother John (age 65) succeeded 8th Baronet Buckworth-Herne-Soame of Sheen in Surrey. Lydia Haggaer Lady Buckworth-Herne-Soame by marriage Lady Buckworth-Herne-Soame of Sheen in Surrey.
On 25th February 1868 James Parke 1st Baron Wensleydale (age 85) died. Baron Wensleydale of Wensleydale in Yorkshire extinct; life creation only.
On 25th February 1891 Richard Francis Sutton 5th Baronet (age 37) died. His son Richard succeeded 6th Baronet Sutton of Norwood Park in Nottinghamshire.
On 25th February 1895 Henry Bruce 1st Baron Aberdare (age 79) died. His son Henry (age 43) succeeded 2nd Baron Aberdare of Duffryn in Glamorganshire.
On 25th February 1900 Fitzpatrick Vernon 2nd Baron Lyveden (age 75) died without issue. His nephew Courtenay (age 42) succeeded 3rd Baron Lyveden.
On 25th February 1911 Augusta Emily Seymour-Conway Baroness Delamere (age 75) died.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 25th February 1913 Horatio Nelson 3rd Earl Nelson (age 89) died. His son Thomas (age 55) succeeded 4th Earl Nelson of Trafalgar and Merson in Surrey, 4th Viscount Merton, 5th Baron Nelson of the Nile and Hillborough in Norfolk.
On 25th February 1935 Savile Crossley 1st Baron Somerleyton (age 77) died. His son Francis (age 45) succeeded 2nd Baron Somerleyton of Somerleyton in Suffolk, 3rd Baronet Crossley. Bridget Hoare Baroness Somerleyton (age 36) by marriage Baroness Somerleyton of Somerleyton in Suffolk.
On 25th February 1937 Archibald Keightley Nicholson (age 65) died.
On 25th February 1957 Rowland George Winn 3rd Baron St Oswald (age 63) died. His son Rowland (age 40) succeeded 4th Baron St Oswald of Nostell in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
On 25th February 1964 Matthew White Ridley 3rd Viscount Ridley (age 61) died. His son Matthew (age 38) succeeded 4th Viscount Ridley of Blagdon and Blyth in Northumberland, 4th Baron Wensleydale of Blagdon and Blyth in Northumberland, 8th Baronet Ridley of Blagdon in Northumberland. Anne Katharine Gabrielle Lumley Viscountess Ridley (age 35) by marriage Viscountess Ridley of Blagdon and Blyth in Northumberland.
On 25th February 1967 Gerald Hugh Grosvenor 4th Duke Westminster (age 60) died. His brother Robert (age 56) succeeded 5th Duke Westminster, 7th Marquess Westminster, 8th Earl Grosvenor, 14th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire. Viola Maud Lyttelton Duchess Westminster (age 54) by marriage Duchess Westminster.
On 25th February 1995 Victor Montagu 10th Earl Sandwich (age 88) died. His son John (age 51) succeeded 11th Earl Sandwich. Caroline Montagu Countess of Sandwich (age 52) by marriage Countess Sandwich.
On 25th February 2004 Robert Milo Leicester Devereux 18th Viscount Hereford (age 71) died. His son Charles (age 28) succeeded 19th Viscount Hereford, 16th Baronet Devereux of Castle Bromwich.