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Deeds of King Henry V

Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

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Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg 1747-1820

Paternal Family Tree: Oldenburg

Maternal Family Tree: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 1683-1737

On 11th December 1743 [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway [aged 20] and [her mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [aged 18] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. She the daughter of [her grandfather] King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [aged 60] and [her grandmother] Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England. He the son of Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway [aged 44]. They were third cousin once removed.

On 10th July 1747 Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg was born to Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway [aged 24] and Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [aged 22]. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 19th December 1751 [her mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [aged 27] died.

On 8th July 1752 [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway [aged 29] and [her step-mother] Juliana Maria Welf Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [aged 22] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of [her grandfather] Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway.

On 1st September 1764 William Elector of Hesse [aged 21] and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 17] were married at Christiansborg Castle. She the daughter of Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway [aged 41] and Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of Frederick Hesse-Kassel [aged 44] and Mary Hanover [aged 41]. They were first cousins. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 14th January 1766 [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway [aged 42] died. His son [her brother] Christian [aged 16] succeeded VII King of Denmark and Norway.

On 1st October 1766 [her brother-in-law] Gustav III King Sweden [aged 20] and [her sister] Queen Sophia of Sweden [aged 20] were married. She the daughter of [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway and [her mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of Adolph Frederick King Sweden [aged 56] and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia Queen Consort of Sweden [aged 46]. They were second cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 8th November 1766 [her brother] Christian VII King of Denmark and Norway [aged 17] and [her sister-in-law] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [aged 15] were married at Christiansborg Castle. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. She the daughter of [her uncle] Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales and Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 46]. He the son of [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway and [her mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. They were first cousins. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 14th September 1768 [her daughter] Marie Friederike Hesse-Kassel was born to [her husband] William Elector of Hesse [aged 25] and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 21]. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.92%.

On 11th July 1771 [her daughter] Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg was born to [her husband] William Elector of Hesse [aged 28] and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 24]. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.92%. She married 24th April 1802 her fifth cousin once removed Duke Augustus of Saxe Coburg Altenburg, son of Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg and Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg.

On 8th August 1772 [her son] Friedrich Hesse-Kassel was born to [her husband] William Elector of Hesse [aged 29] and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 25]. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.92%. He died aged eleven in 1784.

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Westminster Chronicle of King Richard II, 1381-1394

The Westminster Chronicle is one of the most vivid and important narrative sources for the reign of Richard II. Written by an anonymous chronicler closely connected with Westminster Abbey, it covers the years 1381 to 1394, from the Peasants’ Revolt to the political tensions, court ceremonies, diplomatic negotiations, royal progresses, and public crises of Richard’s later reign. Rich in detail the chronicle records major events such as the conflicts between the King and Lords Appellant, King and the City of London, negotiations with France and Scotland, the death and funeral of Queen Anne of Bohemia, the illness of Charles VI of France, and the changing fortunes of leading nobles including John of Gaunt, Thomas of Gloucester, Robert de Vere, and the Earl of Arundel. The Chronicle offers readers a remarkable window into late fourteenth-century England, combining political observation, courtly spectacle, urban drama, ecclesiastical affairs, and moral judgement. It is an essential source for anyone interested in medieval monarchy, London, Westminster, and the troubled reign of Richard II.

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On 28th July 1777 [her son] Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel was born to [her husband] William Elector of Hesse [aged 34] and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 30]. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.92%. He married 13th February 1797 his third cousin Princess Augusta of Prussia.

On 20th July 1784 [her son] Friedrich Hesse-Kassel [aged 11] died.

On 31st October 1785 [her father-in-law] Frederick Hesse-Kassel [aged 65] died. His son [her husband] William [aged 42] succeeded IX Landgrave Hesse Kassel. Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 38] by marriage Landgravine Hesse Kassel.

In 1786 Frederick Christian Oldenburg II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg [aged 20] and [her niece] Louise Auguste Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg [aged 14] were married. She the daughter of [her brother] Christian VII King of Denmark and Norway [aged 36] and [her former sister-in-law] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of Frederick Christian Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg [aged 64] and Charlotte Amalie Wilhelmine Unknown Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg.

On 31st July 1790 [her nephew] Frederick VI King of Denmark and Norway [aged 22] and Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [aged 22] were married. He the son of [her brother] Christian VII King of Denmark and Norway [aged 41] and [her former sister-in-law] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. They were first cousins. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

1791. Wilhelm Bottner [aged 38]. Portrait of [her husband] William Elector of Hesse [aged 47] and his family including his wife Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 43] and their children [her son] Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel [aged 13], [her daughter] Marie Friederike Hesse-Kassel [aged 22] and Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg [aged 19].

Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel: On 28th July 1777 he was born to William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.92%. On 13th February 1797 he and Princess Augusta of Prussia were married. She the daughter of Frederick William II King Prussia and Queen Frederica Louisa of Prussia. He the son of William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. They were third cousins. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. On 20th November 1847 he died.

Marie Friederike Hesse-Kassel: On 14th September 1768 she was born to William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.92%. On 17th April 1839 she died.

Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg: On 11th July 1771 she was born to William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.92%. On 24th April 1802 Duke Augustus of Saxe Coburg Altenburg and she were married at Kassel. She the daughter of William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. He the son of Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg and Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg. They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. On 20th April 1804 Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg died at Gotha. His son Duke succeeded Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg. She by marriage Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg. On 22nd February 1848 she died.

On 29th March 1792 [her brother-in-law] Gustav III King Sweden [aged 46] was assassinated. [her nephew] King Gustav IV of Sweden [aged 13] succeeded King Sweden.

The assassination of the king was enacted on the 16th of March 1792 at a masked ball at the Royal Opera House in Stockholm at midnight. Gustav had arrived earlier that evening to enjoy a dinner in the company of friends. During dinner, he received an anonymous letter that described a threat to his life written by the colonel of the Life Guards Carl Pontus Lilliehorn. After dinner the King continued through a corridor leading from the foyer towards the opera stage where the dancing took place. Anckarström took out the pistol from his left inner pocket, then either he or Ribbing pulled the trigger with the gun in Anckarström's hand. The king was carried back to his quarters, and the exits of the Opera were sealed. Anckarström was arrested the following morning and immediately confessed to the murder. The king had not been shot dead; he was alive and continued to function as head of state. However, the wound became infected, and on 29 March 1792. Gustav's funeral took place on 14 May 1792 at Riddarholmskyrkan.

In 1797 [her nephew] King Gustav IV of Sweden [aged 18] and Queen Fredrika Dorotea Vilhelmina [aged 15] were married. She by marriage Queen Sweden. He the son of [her brother-in-law] Gustav III King Sweden [aged 50] and [her sister] Queen Sophia of Sweden [aged 50]. They were fifth cousin once removed. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 13th February 1797 Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel [aged 19] and Princess Augusta of Prussia [aged 16] were married. She the daughter of Frederick William II King Prussia [aged 52] and Queen Frederica Louisa of Prussia [aged 45]. He the son of William Elector of Hesse [aged 53] and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 49]. They were third cousins. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.

On 24th April 1802 [her son-in-law] Duke Augustus of Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 29] and Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg [aged 30] were married at Kassel. She the daughter of William Elector of Hesse [aged 58] and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 54]. He the son of Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg [aged 57] and Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg [aged 50]. They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

In 1803 [her husband] William Elector of Hesse [aged 59] was appointed Elector Hesse. Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 55] by marriage Electress Hesse.

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Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes

Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.

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In 1811 [her nephew] King Gustav IV of Sweden [aged 32] and Queen Fredrika Dorotea Vilhelmina [aged 29] were divorced.

On 19th January 1820 Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg [aged 72] died.

On 27th February 1821 [her former husband] William Elector of Hesse [aged 77] died.

Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg appears on the following Descendants Family Trees:

Royal Ancestors of Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg 1747-1820

Kings Wessex: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Grand Daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Kings Scotland: Great x 4 Grand Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 11 Grand Daughter of King Charles V of France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of John II King Aragon

Ancestors of Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg 1747-1820

Great x 4 Grandfather: Christian IV King of Denmark 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick III King of Denmark 11 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 2 Grandfather: Christian V King of Denmark and Norway 12 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark 11 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 1 Grandfather: Frederick IV King of Denmark and Norway 8 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave William V of Hesse-Kassel 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandfather: Wilhelm "The Just" VI Hesse-Kassel 11 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 2 Grandmother: Charlotte Amalie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway 7 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandfather: George William Hohenzollern 5 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon

Great x 3 Grandmother: Hedwig Sophia Hohenzollern 6 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elisabeth Charlotte Palatinate Simmern 6 x Great Granddaughter of King Charles V of France

Grandfather: Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway 8 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandfather: Duke John VII of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 9 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandfather: Duke John Albert II of Mecklenburg 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophia Oldenburg 9 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 2 Grandfather: Duke Gustav Adolph of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 11 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 1 Grandmother: Louise of Mecklenburg Güstrow Queen Consort Denmark and Norway 7 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 2 Grandmother: Magdalena Sibylla of Holstein Gottorp 6 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandfather: John George Elector Saxony 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Elisabeth of Saxony Duchess Holstein Gottorp 5 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandmother: Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia 4 x Great Granddaughter of John II King Aragon

Father: Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway 9 x Great Grandson of John II King Aragon

Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg Granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 2 Grandfather: Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg 11 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 9 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 1 Grandfather: King George I Great Grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick IV Elector Palatine 8 x Great Grandson of King John "The Good" II of France

Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine 6 x Great Grandson of King Charles V of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Electress Louise Juliana of the Palatine Rhine 5 x Great Granddaughter of King Charles V of France

Great x 2 Grandmother: Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern Granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland Grandson of King James V of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandmother: Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Grandfather: King George II of Great Britain and Ireland 2 x Great Grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 2 Grandfather: George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 11 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 9 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 1 Grandmother: Sophia Dorothea of Celle 12 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg

Mother: Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: John George Hohenzollern Margrave of Brandenburg 9 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandfather: Joachim Ernst Hohenzollern 10 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst

Great x 2 Grandfather: Albert Hohenzollern 11 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 1 Grandfather: John Frederick Hohenzollern 12 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Grandmother: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 13 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France