Biography of Agnes Tilney Duchess Norfolk 1477-1545

On 09 Sep 1513 at the Battle of Flodden was fought at the Branxton, Northumberland [Map]. the English army was commanded by [her husband] Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk (age 70), [her step-son] Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 40), [her step-son] Edmund Howard (age 35), Thomas Dacre 2nd Baron Dacre Gilsland (age 45), Edward Stanley 1st Baron Monteagle (age 51) and Marmaduke Constable (age 56).

The English army included: Henry "Shepherd Lord" Clifford 10th Baron Clifford (age 59), William Conyers 1st Baron Conyers (age 44), Thomas Berkeley 5th Baron Berkeley (age 41) and Richard Neville 2nd Baron Latimer of Snape (age 45).

Randall Babington, John Bigod (age 38) and Thomas Fitzwilliam (age 39) were killed.

Marmaduke Constable (age 33), William Constable (age 38), George Darcy 1st Baron Darcy Aston (age 16), Edmund Walsingham (age 33), Thomas Burgh 7th Baron Cobham 5th Baron Strabolgi 1st Baron Burgh (age 25) and Walter Stonor (age 36) were knighted by Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk.

Christopher Savage, Thomas Venables (age 44) and Brian Tunstall (age 33) were killed.

Bryan Stapleton of Wighill (age 55) was killed. (Some reports have him dying in 1518).

John Booth (age 78) was killed.

Father and son Ralph ellerker of risby in yorkshire and Ralph Ellerker were knighted by Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey.

The Scottish army suffered heavy casualties:

King James IV of Scotland (age 40) was killed. His body ws taken to London, then to Sheen Priory, Richmond; thereafter it disappeared. His son James (age 1) succeeded V King Scotland.

Alexander Stewart ArchBishop of St Andrews (age 20) was killed.

David Kennedy 1st Earl Cassilis (age 43) was killed. His son Gilbert (age 18) succeeded 2nd Earl Cassilis. Isabel Campbell Countess Cassilis by marriage Countess Cassilis.

William Sinclair 2nd Earl Caithness (age 54) was killed. His son John succeeded 3rd Earl Caithness.

Matthew Stewart 2nd Earl Lennox was killed. His son John (age 23) succeeded 3rd Earl Lennox.

William Hay 4th Earl Erroll was killed. His son William (age 18) succeeded 5th Earl Erroll.

John Douglas 2nd Earl Morton was killed. His son James succeeded 3rd Earl Morton, 6th Lord Dalkeith.

Adam Hepburn 2nd Earl Bothwell was killed. His son Patrick (age 1) succeeded 3rd Earl Bothwell.

Alexander Stewart 4th of Garlies (age 32) was killed. His son Alexander (age 6) succeeded 5th Lord Garlies.

Alexander Elphinstone 1st Lord Elphinstone was killed. His son Alexander (age 3) succeeded 2nd Lord Elphinstone.

Thomas Hay, George Hepburn Bishop Isles (age 59), Adam Hepburn Master (age 56), Thomas "Younger of Cushnie" Lumsden

William Douglas 6th Lord Drumlanrig was killed. William "Younger" Douglas 7th Lord Drumlanrig succeeded 7th Lord Drumlanrig.

George Seton 5th Lord Seton was killed. His son George succeeded 6th Lord Seton.

John Hay 2nd Lord Hay of Yester was killed. His son John (age 23) succeeded 3rd Lord Hay of Yester. Elizabeth Douglas Lady Hay by marriage Lord Hay of Yester.

Robert Keith Master of Marischal (age 30), Guiscard Harbottle (age 28), John Erskine, David Home (age 22), Andrew Stewart 1st Lord Avondale (age 43), Archibald Campbell 2nd Earl Argyll (age 64), Robert Douglas of Lochleven (age 89) were killed.

Henry Sinclair 3rd Lord Sinclair (age 48) was killed. His son William succeeded 4th Lord Sinclair.

James Stewart 1st Lord of Traquair (age 33) was killed. His son William (age 7) succeeded 2nd Lord Traquair.

John Maxwell 4th Lord Maxwell (age 57) was killed. His son Robert (age 20) succeeded 5th Lord Maxwell.

William Murray (age 43), Colin Oliphant (age 26), William Ruthven (age 33), George Douglas (age 44) and William Douglas (age 42) were killed.

George Home 4th Lord Home and John Stewart 2nd Earl Atholl (age 38) fought.

Brothers David Lyon of Cossins, William Lyon and George Lyon were killed.

William Graham 1st Earl Montrose (age 49) was killed. His son William (age 21) succeeded 2nd Earl Montrose.

Robert Erskine 4th Lord Erskine 16th Earl of Mar was killed. His son John (age 26) de jure 17th Earl Mar, Lord Erskine.

Thomas Stewart 2nd Lord Innermeath (age 52) was killed. His son Richard succeeded 3rd Lord Innermeath.

Walter Lindsay of Arden and Walter Lindsay (age 33) were killed.

William Keith of Inverugie (age 43) was killed.

David Wemyss of Wemyss (age 40) was killed.

John Somerville 1st of Cambusnethan (age 55) was killed.

Robert Crichton 2nd Lord Crichton of Sanquhar (age 41) was killed. His son Robert (age 22) succeeded 3rd Lord Crichton of Sanquhar

Father and son William Rollo (age 59) and Robert Rollo 5th of Duncrub (age 34) were killed.

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic. 09 Oct 1514. Vitell. C. XVI., 243. B.M. 3348. Marriage of the French Queen (age 18).

Declaration by Louis XII (age 52). that he takes the Princess Mary [sister] of the King of England as his wife. Signed: Loys. Fr. Vellum, much injured by fire.

Leland's Coll. I., ii., p. 704.

2. [5482.] Names of the Englishmen which were sent in ambassade to the French King, before the Queen's landing, and other gentlemen in their company:—The Earl of Worcester, Lord Chamberlain; the Lord of St. John's, Tho. Docwra; and the Dean of Windsor, Doctor West, ambassadors. The Lord Herbert, son of the Earl of Worcester; Sir John Savage; Sir [blank]; Sir Christopher Garneys; Sir [blank]; Clarenceux King of Arms.

ii. The names of the Lords and other Noblemen of France being at the said marriage:—

The Duke of Valois and Bretagne, the Duke of Alençon, the son of the King Don Frederic of Naples, the Earl of Vendôme, the Duke of Longueville, the Prince de la Roche Suryon, the Duke of Albany, the Earl of St. Poll, the Earl of Guise, brother to the Duke of Lorraine, Louis Monsieur, brother to the Earl of Nevers, the Earl of Roussy, the Lord of Lautrec, the Earl of Sancerre, the Lord de Lespar, the Earl Manfroy, the Lord de la Palice, Grand Maistre de France, the Earl Galiace de Saint Severin, Grand Esquire, the Earl of Alexandrie, the Earl of Maleverer, Grand Seneschal of Normandy, le Sr. de Graville, Admiral, le Sr. de Monmorancy, Premier Baron Chamb., le Sr. de Testeville, le Sr. de la Tremoille, le Prince de Talmon, son fils, le Sr. de Piennes, Lieutenant de Picardie, le Sr. de Bouchaige Chambrelan, le Sr. de Dourriers, le Sr. de Chesnes, le Sr. Daubigny, le Vidame D'Amiens, le Sr. de Boysy, Monsieur de Bonyvet, le Vidame de Chartres, Monsieur de Fou, Monsieur de Cursoll, Monsieur de Wansay, Monsieur Louis D'Ars, le Sr. du Pont de Remy, les trois Generaux de France, viz., Normandie, Languedoie, Languedoc, Monsieur de Beaudiner, Mons. de Gynry, Mons. de Rouville, Grand Veneur, Mons. Denebatt, Cappne des Toilles, Monsieur de Boucheron.

Ibid, p. 701. 3. [5483.] "The names of the lords and gentlemen of England being at the marriage of the Right Excellent Princess the Lady Mary," showing the wages paid to each, all receiving 20 days' wages in hand:—The [her husband] Duke of Norfolk (age 71), my Lady his wife (age 37), the [her daughter] Countess of Oxford (age 17), and the Lord [her step-son] Edmund Howard (age 36), with 100 horses; the Marquis of Dorset (age 37), my Lady his wife (age 27), and the Lord Edward his brother, 80; the Lord Thomas Rowthall Bishop of Durham (age 42), 68, the [her step-son] Earl of Surrey (age 41), son and heir to the Duke of Norfolk, 58, the Lord Lawarre, 30, the Lord Berners, chamberlain to the French Queen, and the Lord Montaigle and my Lady his wife, 30; the Lord Richard Grey, the Lord John Grey, the Lord Leonard Grey, brethren to my Lord Marquis, each 20; Sir Nicholas Vaux, Sir David Owen, Sir Andrew Windsor, Sir John Husee, Sir John Peche and Sir Henry Wyot, bannerets; Sir Morice Berkeley, 20, Sir Wm. Sandes, 20, Sir John Hungerford, 12, Sir Robert Drury, Sir Tho. Botrym, 12, Sir Philipp Calthorp, Sir Thomas Clynton, Sir Robert Cotton, Sir John Heydon, Sir John Carre, Sir Edward Greville, Sir Will. Essex, Sir Philip-Tylney, Sir Nicholas Applyard, Sir Edward Bensted, Sir Will. Rows, and Sir John Wallop, knights; John Broughton, Rich. Weston, Giles Strangways, Tho. Cheyney, Ralph Chamberlain, Rich. Blont, Gerard Danet, and Robert Jonys, esquires; Garter Principal King of Arms, and his four servants; Thomas Pawlet, — Manners, George Cobham, and Anthony Saintliger; Richmond Herald; John Myclow with 50 officers of the King's household servants that were officers with the French Queen; Hen. Webb, gentleman usher; Tho. Rushe and Ambrose [Bradman], serjeant at arms.

The names of the ladies and gentlewomen being at the said marriage:—The Duchess of Norfolk, and in her company the Countess of Oxford, her daughter, the Marquise of Dorset.

Gentlewomen which were appointed to have abidden in France with the French Queen:—Dame Guylford, lady of honor, Lady Elizabeth Grey (age 17), Eliz. Ferrys. M. Ann Devereux, — Grey of Wilton, M. Boleyne, M. Wotton, Alice Denys and Anne Ferningham (age 10) (Jerningham?), chamberers, Dr. Denton, almoner, Mr. Palgrave, secretary, — (blank), chaplains.

Note. The "M. Boleyne" may be a reference to either Mary Boleyn (age 15) or Queen Anne Boleyn of England (age 13).

Hall's Chronicle. The Receiving and Conveying of the Queen through London.

To the intent that the horses should not slide on the Pavement, nor that the people should not be hurted by horses, the high streets where the Queen should passe were all gravelled from the Tower to Temple Bar and railed on the one side, within which rails stood the crafts along in their order from Gracechurch where the merchants of the Steelyard stood till the little conduit in Chepe where the Aldermen stood, and on the other side of the street stood the Constables of the city apparelled in velvet and silk with great staves in their hands to cause the people to keep room and good order. And when the streets were somewhat ordered, the Mayor clothed in a gown of crimson Velvet and a riche collar of Esses with two footmen clad in white and red damask rode to the Tower to give his attendance on the Queen, on whom the Sheriffs with their officers did wait till they came to Tower hill, where they taking their leave rode down the high streets commanding the Constables to see room and good order kept, and so went and stood by the Aldermen in Chepe. And before the Queen and her train should come, Cornhill and Gracious Street were hanged with fine Scarlet, Crimson and other grayned [ie dyed] clothes, and in some place with rich Arras, Tapestry and Carpets, and the most part of the Chepe was hanged with cloth of Tissue, Gold, Velvet and many rich hangings which made a goodly show, and all the windows were replenished with ladies and gentlewomen to behold the Queen and her train as they should pass by. The first of the Queen's company that set forward were twelve Frenchmen which were belonging to the French Ambassador clothed in coats of blue velvet with sleeves of yellow and blue velvet and their horses trapped with close trappers of blue sarcenet powdered with white crosses: after them marched gentlemen, squires, knightes two and two. After them the judges, and after them the Knights of the Bath in violet gowns with hoods purfeled with miniver like doctors, after them Abbots, then Barons, after them bishops, then Earles and Marquesses, then the Lorde Chancellor of England, after him the archbishop of York and the ambassador of Venice, after him the archbishop of Canterbury and the ambassador of France, after rode two squires of honour with robes of estate rolled and worn baudrike wise about their necks with caps of estate representing the Dukes of Normandy and Aquitaine, after them rode the Mayor of London with his Mace and Garter in his coat of arms, which Mayor bore his Mace to Westminster Hall, after them rode the Lord William Howard with the Marshal's Rod deputy to his brother the Duke of Norfolk Marshall of England which was ambassador then in France: and on his right hand rode Charles Duke of Suffolk for that day High Constable of England bearing the verder of silver appertaining to the office of Constableship, and all the Lords for the most part were clothed in crimson velvet, and all the Queen’s servants or officers of arms in scarlet. Next before the Queen rode her Chancellor bareheaded, the Sergeants and Officers of Armes rode on both the sides of the Lords. Then came the Queen in a litter of white cloth of gold not covered nor bayled which was led by two palfreys clad in white damask down to the ground head and all, led by her footmen. She had on a circot of white cloth of tissue and a mantle of the same furred with ermine, her hair hanged down, but on her head she had a coif with a circlet about it full of riche stones. Over her was borne a canopy of cloth of gold with four gilt staves and four silver belles. For bearing of which canopy were appointed sixteen knights, four to bear it one space on foot and other four another space according to their own appointment. Next after the Queen rode the Lord Borough her Chamberlain, next after him William Coffyn Master of the Horses leading a spare horse with a side saddle trapped down clothe of tissue: after him rode seven ladies in crimson velvet turned up with cloth of gold and of tissue and their horses trapped with cloth of gold, after them two chariots covered with red cloth of gold. In the first chariot was two ladies which were old Duchess of Norfolk (age 54) and the old Marchioness of Dorset (age 44). In the second chariot were four ladies all in crimson velvet. After them rode seven ladies in the same suite their horses trappers and all, after them came the third Chariot all white with six ladies in crimson velvet, next after them came the fourth chariot all red with eight ladies also in crimson velvet, after who followed thirty gentlewomen all in velvet and silk in the livery of their ladies on whom they gave their attendance. After them followed the guard in coats of Goldsmith’s work, in which order they rode forth till they came to Fenchurch, where was made a pageant all with children apparelled like merchants which welcomed her to the City with two proper prepositions both in French and English, and from thence she rode to Gracious church corner, where was a costly and a marvellous cunning pageant made by the merchants of the Steelyard, for there was the Mount Parnassus with the fountain of Helicon, which was of white Marble and four streams without pipe did rise an ell high and meet together in a little cup about the fountain, which fountain ran abundantly racked Rhenish wine until night. On the mountain sat Appollo and at his feet sat Calliope, and on every side of the mountain sat four Muses playing on several sweet instruments, and at their feet Epigrammes and Poeses were written in golden letters, in the which every Muse according to her property praised the Queen: so from thence she passed to Leaden Hall where was a goodly pageant with a type and a heavenly roof [?], and under the type was a rote of gold set on a little mountain environed with red roses and white, out of the type came down a Falcon all white and sate upon the rote, and incontinent came down an Angel with great melody and set a close-crown of gold on the Falcon’s head, and in the same pageant sat Saint Ann with all her issue beneath her, and under Mari Cleoph sat her four children, of the which children one made a goodly Oration to the Queen of the fruitfulness of Saint Anne and of her generation, trusting that like fruit should come of her. Then she passed to the conduit in Cornhill where were three graces set in a throne, afore who was the spring of grace continually running wine. Afore the fountain sat a Poet declaring the properties of every grace, and that done every lady by herself according to her property gave to the Queen a several gift of grace. That done she passed by the great conduit in Chepe which was newly painted with armes of devises: out of the which conduit by a goodly fountain set up the one end ran continually wine both white and claret all that afternoon, and so she rode to the Standard which was richly painted with images of Kings and Queens and hanged with banners of arms, and in the top was miraculous sweet harmony both of song and instrument. Then she went forward to the crosse which was newly gilt, until she came where the Aldermen stood, and then Master Baker the Recorder came to her with low reverence making a proper and brief proposition and gave to her in the name of the City a thousand marks in gold in a Purse of gold, which she thankfully accepted with many goodly words, and so rode to the little conduit where was a riche pageant full of melody and song, in which pageant was Pallas, Juno and Venus, and before them stood Mercury which in the name of the three goddesses gave to her a ball of gold divided in three, signifying three gifts the which three Goddesses gave to her, that is to say, wisdom, riches and felicity. As she entered into Paul’s gate there was a pretty pageant in which sat three ladies richly clothed, and in a circle on their head was written Regina Anna prospers procede et regna [May Queen Anne prosper and reign]. The Lady in the middle had a Tablet in the which was written Veni arnica coronaberis [Come, you will be crowned with gold], And under the tablet sat an Angel with a close crown, and the lady sitting on the right hand had a Tablet of silver in which was written Domine directe gressus meos [Lord direct my steps], and the third lady had a Tablet of gold with letters Asure written, confido in domine [I trust in the Lord], and under their feet was written, Anna Reginan ominum Regis de sanguine natum, cum paries populis aurea secla tuis [? Anna Queen of the names of the King born of blood, when you wall the peoples of your golden age]. And these ladies cast down wafers, on the which the two verses were written. From thence she passed to the East end of Paul’s Churchyard against the school, where stood on a scaffold two hundred children well apparelled, which said to her diverse goodly verses of poets translated into English, to the honour of the King and her, which she highly commended. And when she came to Ludgate, the gate was newly garnished with gold and byse. And on the leads of Saint Martin’s Church stood a goodly choir of singing men and children which sang new ballads made in praise of her. After that she was passed Ludgate she preceded toward Fleet Street where the Conduit was newly painted, and all the arms and angels refreshed, and the chime melodiously sounding. Upon the Conduit was made a town with four turrets, and in every turret stood one of the cardinal virtues with their tokens and properties, which had several speeches, promising the Queen never to leave her, but to be aiding and comforting her. And in the midst of the tower closely was such several solemn instruments, that it seemed to be an heavenly noise, and was much regarded and praised: and beside this the said Conduit ran wine Claret and Red all the afternoon. So she with all her company and the Mayor rode forth to Temple Bar, which was newly painted and repaired, where stood also divers singing men and children, until she came to Westminster Hall, which was richly hanged with clothe of Arras and new glazed. And in the midst of the hall she was taken out of her litter, and so led up to the high dais under the clothe of estate, on whose left hand was a cupboard of ten stages marvellous rich and beautiful to behold, and within a little season was brought to the Queen with a solemn service in great standing spice plates, a void of spice and subtleties with Hippocras and other wines, which she sent down to her ladies, and when the ladies, had drunk she gave hearty thanks to the Lordes and Ladies, and to the Mayor and other that had given their attendance on her, and so withdrew herself with a few ladies to the Whitehall and so to her chamber, and there shifted her, and after went into her barge secretly to the King to his Manor of Westminster where she rested that night.

Wriothesley's Chronicle. 01 Jun 1533. Memorandum, the first dale of June,^d Queene Anne (age 32) was brought from Westminster Hall to the Abbey of Sainct Peeter's [Map] with procession, all the monkes of Westminster going in rytch copes of golde with 13 abbotts mitred; and after them all the Kinges Chappell in rych copes with fower bushopps and tow archbishopps mittred, and all the Lordes going in their Perliament roabes,^e and the crowne borne afore her by the Duke of Suffolke (age 49), and her tow scepters by tow Earles, and she herself going under a rytch canapie of cloath of golde, apparailed in a kirtell of crymson velvett powdred with ermyns, and a robe of purple velvett furred with powdred ermines over that, and a rich cronett with a call^a of pearles and stones on her hedde, and the olde Dutches of Norfolke (age 56)^b bearing upp her traine in a robe of scarlett with a cronett of golde on her bonett, and the Lorde Boroughe,^c the Queenes Chamberlaine, staying the traine in the middes; and after her tenne ladies following in robes of scarlett furred with ermins and rounde cronettes of golde on their heades; and next after theim all the Queenes maides in gownes of scarlett edged with white lettushe furre; and so was shee brought to Sainct Peeters Church [Map] at Westminster, and their sett in her seate riall, which was made on a high scaffolde before the highe aulter; and their shee was anoynted and crowned Queene of Englande by the Archbishopp of Canterberie^d1 and the Archbishoppe of Yorke, and so sate crowned in her seate riall all the masse, and offred also at the said masse; and the masse donne, they departed everie man in their degrees to Westminster Hall [Map], she going still under the cannapie crowned with towe septers in hir handes, my Lorde of Wilshire, her father,^e1 and the Lorde Talbott^f leadinge her, and so theire dynned; wheras was made the most honorable feast that hath beene seene.

The great hall at Westminster was rytchlie hanged with rych cloath of Arras, and a table sett at the upper ende of the hall, going upp twelve greeses,^a2 where the Queene dyned; and a rytch cloath of estate hanged over her heade; and also fower other tables alongest the hall; and it was rayled on everie side, from the highe deasse in Westminster Hall to the scaffold in the church in the Abbaj.

And when she went to church to her coronation their was a raye cloath,^b2 blew, spreed from the highe desses^c of the Kinges Benche unto the high alter of Westminster, wheron she wente.

Note B. the [her son] Lorde William Howard, Lord Chamberlen (age 23), in a purse of crymsen silk and gold knytt, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.

And when the Queenes grace had washed her handes, then came the Duke of Suffolke, High Constable that daie and stewarde of the feast, ryding on horsebacke rytchlie apparailed and trapped, and with him, also ridinge on horsebacke, the Lorde William Howarde as deputie for the [her former step-son] Duke of Norfolke (age 60) in the romth^d2 of the Marshall of Englande, and the Queenes service^e2 following them with the Archbishopps, a certaine space betwene which was borne^f2 all by knightes, the Archbishopp sitting at the Queenes borde, at the ende, on her left hande.^g2 The Earle of Sussex (age 50) was sewer, the Earle of Essex carver, the [her son-in-law] Earle of Darbie (age 24) cuppbearer, the Earle of Arrondell (age 57) butler, the Viscount Lisle (age 69) pantler, the Lord Gray almoner.

Att one of the fower tables sate all the noble ladies all on one side of the hall, at the second table the noble men, at the thirde table the Major of London^h2 with the Aldermen, att the fowerth table the Barons of the Fortes with the Masters of the Chauncerie. The goodlie dishes with the delicate meates and the settles which were all gilt, with the noble service that daie done by great men of the realme, the goodlie sweete armonie of minstrells with other thinges were to long to expresse, which was a goodlie sight to see and beholde.

And when shee had dined and washed her handes she stoode a while under the canopie of estate, and behelde throwghe the hall, and then were spices brought with other delicates, which were borne all in great high plates of gold, wherof shee tooke a litle refection, and the residue geavinge among the lordes and ladies; and that donne she departed up to the White Hall, and their changed her apparell, and so departed secreetlie by water to Yorke Place [Map], which is called White Hall, and their laie all night.

Note d. Whitsanday. Compare this with the account of the receiving and coronation of Anne Boleyn in MS. Harleian. Cod. 41, arts. 2-5, and MS. Harleian. 543, fol. 119.

Note e. Henry's (age 41) first wife, Katharine of Aragon (age 47), was crowned with him, and a magnificent ceremony was ordained for her successful rival Anne Boleyn, but none of the other wives of Henry were honoured with a coronation.

Note a. A caul was a kind of net in which women inclosed their hair.

Note b. Grandmother of Anne Boleyn, being widow of [her former husband] Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, whose daughter [her former step-daughter] Elizabeth (age 53) married Sir Thomas Boleyn (age 56), afterwards Earl of Wiltshire, the father of Anne.

Note. b, immediately above, appears to be a mistake? The grandmother of Anne Boleyn was Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey, first wife of Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk. He, Thomas, married secondly his first wife's first cousin Agnes Tilney Duchess Norfolk who must be the old Duchess of Norfolk referred to since Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey died in Apr 1497.

Note c. Thomas, Lord Bnrgh of Gainsboroogh (age 45).

d1. In Sir Henry Ellis's Collection of Original Letters occurs a very interesting letter written by Cranmer to the English ambassador at the Emperor's court, giving his own account of the pronouncing of sentence on Katharine and of the coronation of Anne Boleyn.

e1. Anne Boleyn's father had been created Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond on the 8th December, 1529.

a2. Steps or stain, Latin gressus.

b2. Striped cloth.

Note c. Desks.

d2. Room.

e2. Suite.

f2. Occupied.

g2. Stow expressly states that Archbishop Cranmer sat on the right hand of the Queen at the table's end. Ed. 1631, p. 567.

h2. Sir Stephen Pecocke.

Hall's Chronicle. 01 Jun 1533. Sonday being Whit Sunday the first day of June and the day of her Coronation.

On Sunday the Mayor clad in crimson velvet and with his collar and all the Aldermen and Sheriffs in Scarlet and the counsel of the city took their barge at the Crane by seven of the clock and came to Westminster where they were welcomed and brought into the hall by Master Treasurer and other of the King’s house, and so gave their attendance till the Queen should come forth. Between eight and nine she came into the Hall and stood under the clothe of estate, and then came in the King’s Chapel and the monks of Westminster all in rich copes and many Bishops and Abbots in copes and mitres which went into the midst of the hall, and there stood a season. Then was there a ray clothe spread from the Queen’s standing in the hall through the palace and sanctuary, which was railed on both sides to the high Altar of Westminster. After that the ray clothe was cast, the Officers of Armes appointed the order accustomed. First went gentlemen, then esquires, then knights, then the Aldermen of the city in their cloaks of scarlet, after them the Judges in their mantles of scarlet and coifs. Then followed the Knights of the Bathe being no Lords, every man having a white lace on his left sleeve. Then followed Barons and Viscounts in their parliament robes of scarlet. After them came Earles, Marquesses and Dukes in their robes of estate of crimson velvet furred with ermine powdered according to their degrees. After them came the Lord Chancellor in a robe of scarlet open before bordered with lettice: after him came the King’s Chapel and the monks solemnly singing with procession, then came Abbots and Bishops mitred, then Sergeants and Officers of Armes, then after them went the Mayor of London with his mace and garter in his coat of arms. Then went the Marquess Dorset in a robe of estate which bare the sceptre of gold, and the Earl of Arundel which bare the rod of Ivory with the Dove both together. Then went alone the Earl of Oxford High Chamberlain of England which bare the crown, after him went the duke of Suffolk in his robe of estate also for that day being High Steward of England, having a long white rod in his hand, and the Lord William Howard with the Rod of the Marshalship, and every Knight of the Garter had on his collar of the order. Then preceded forth the Queen in a circot and robe of purple velvet furred with ermine in her hair coif and circlet as she had the Saturday, and over her was borne the canopy by four of the five [Cinque] Portes all crimson with points of blue and red hanging on their sleeves, and the Bishops of London and Winchester bare up the lappets of the Queen’s robe. The Queen’s train which was very long was borne by the old Duchess of Norfolk (age 56) after her followed ladies being Lord’s wives which had circots of scarlet with narrow sleeves, the breast all lettice with bars of borders according to their degrees. And over that they had mantels of scarlet furred, and every mantle had lettice about the neck like a neckerchief likewise powdered, so that by the powderings their degree was known. Then followed ladies being Knight’s wives in gowns of scarlet with narrow sleeves without trains only edged with lettice, and likewise had all the Queen’s gentlewomen. When she was thus brought to the high place made in the midst of the church between the choir and the high altar she was set in a riche chair. And after that she had rested a while she descended down to the High Altar and there prostrate herself while the Archbishop of Canterbury said certain collettes: then she rose and the bishop anointed her on the head and on the breast, and then she was led up again, where after diverse Orisons said, the Archbishop set the crown of Saint Edward on her head, and then delivered her the sceptre of gold in her right hand, and the rod of Ivory with the Dove in the left hand, and then all the choir sang Te Deum, §c. Which done the bishop took of the crown of Saint Edward being heavy and set on the crown made for her, and so went to Masse. And when the offertory was begun she descended down and offered being crowned, and so ascended up again and sate in her chair till Agnus. And then she went down and kneeled before the altar where she received of the Archbishop the holy sacrament and then went up to her place again. After that Masse was done she went to Saint Edwardes shrine and there offered, after which offering done she withdrew her into a little place made for the nuns on the one side of the choir. Now in the mean season every Duchess had put on their bonnets a corona of gold wrought with flowers, and every Marquesses put on a demy Coronal of gold, every Countess a plain circlet of gold wrought with flowers, and every King of Armes put on a crown of copper and gilt all which were worn till night. When the Queen had a little reposed her the company returned in the same order that they set forth, and the Queen went crowned and so did the Ladies aforesaid. Her right hand was sustained by the Earl of Wiltshire (age 56) her father, and her left hand by the Lord Talbot deputy for the Earl of Shrewsbury and Lord Furnival his father. And when she was out of the Sanctuary and appeared within the palace the trumpets played marvellous freshly, and so she was brought to Westminster Hall, and so to her withdrawing chamber, during which time the Lords, Judges, Mayor and Aldermen put of their robes, Mantels and Cloaks, and took their hoods from their necks and cast them about their shoulders, and the Lords sat only in their circots and the Judges and Aldermen in their gowns. And all the Lords that served that day served in their circots and their hoods about their shoulders. Also, diverse officers of the King’s house being no Lords had circots and hoods of scarlet edged with miniver, as the Treasurer, Controller and Master of the Jewel House, but their circots were not gilt.