On this Day in History ... 1st August

Charter S1011 King Edward to Westminster Abbey. 1st August 1045. London. King Edward to Westminster Abbey, Second Charter; confirmation of privileges. For the English translation of this charter see: Latin Original

In the name of the holy and indivisible Trinity. I, Edward, by the grace of God, King of the English, to future kings after me, bishops, abbots, earls, sheriffs, and all Christians whatsoever, greetings. Since the desire of pious will and the intention of praiseworthy devotion must always be supported by royal efforts, it is necessary to apply the care of vigilance, so that what has been ordained for the peace of religious life may not be neglected by indifference or disturbed by any presumption. Just as it was necessary to define what reason demanded, so what has been defined must not be violated. Therefore, let all present and future people know that our most faithful abbot Wlnothus and the monks of the monastery of the thrice-blessed prince of the apostles Peter, our special patron, have humbly approached our serenity, requesting that just as the ancient and glorious kings of the English, Edgar, Edward, Æthelred, Edmund, Cnut, and the others who, until our time, fortified the same Westminster of the aforementioned holy apostle against the persuasion of the wicked by the sanctions of their decrees, and had them fully confirmed by the consensus and authority of the bishops and apostolic letters at the royal request, so we, following the will of our God in all things and faithfully imitating those our predecessors in this, should add our own to that monastery, or rather confirm it with our sanction.

And because in these our days there had been a certain contention between Bishop Robert and the clergy of London and the abbot and monks of the aforementioned monastery, with the bishop and clergy wishing to usurp certain customs and provisions in the aforementioned monastery of Saint Peter against the laws and decrees mentioned above, and the abbot and monks defending against them with the authority of the privileges pronounced by the kings and apostolic letters, especially by Saint Dunstan, who had previously been bishop of London and later archbishop of Canterbury, this matter was debated and resolved before the bishops and nobles of our kingdom and in our presence. In the end, favoring justice, we lent the strength of our agreement to the definitive decision. Therefore, following the advice of our faithful and palace officials and considering it beneficial for the present and future for the church itself and those dwelling in it or pertaining to it, we decree by this page of our command that the decrees of the kings who were before us, as well as the privilege of Saint Dunstan and the privileges of the English bishops granted to the monastery of the holy and illustrious apostle Peter, be observed in perpetuity.

And so that the brothers there may be able to serve Almighty God without any disturbance or molestation from the bishop of London or his clerics, and to pray more earnestly for us and the stability of our kingdom, we entirely forbid their general access to the monastery and the holding of common sessions by them, so that a wrongful custom does not arise there at any time in the aforementioned monastery, as has been established in its privileges, and may remain inviolate in perpetuity.

However, if anyone should think against this page of our command and authority, whoever he may be, of whatever name and honor, age and power, rank and order, and should wish to infringe it in any great or small way, let him not achieve what he desires, and let him be compelled to add twelve pounds of the purest gold to the treasury of our house, and moreover, let him be held guilty of high treason and be regarded as profane by all unless he makes sufficient amendment.

Therefore, to ensure that this decree issued by us may obtain fuller authority, we have strengthened it with the sign placed beneath our hand, and we have entrusted it to our faithful present to be confirmed and further ordered it to be assigned with the seal of our image.

I, Edward, by the grace of Christ, King of the English, also with the seal of the holy cross + sign this privilege, so that if anyone violates it, may he be condemned to eternal perdition by Him who was crucified for us.

I, Ælfgyfa Imma, mother of the same king, gave my assent.

I, Eadgytha, the same king's cousin, agreed to the same royal donation.

I, Eadsinus, Archbishop of the Church of Canterbury, confirmed this donation.

I, Ælfric, Archbishop of the Church of York, strengthened this piety.

I, Ælfwin, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Brihtwold, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Lyving, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Æthelstan, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Eadnoth, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Ægelric, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Duduco, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Grymcillus, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Ælfwin, abbot, agreed and signed.

I, Æthelward, abbot, agreed and signed.

I, Siward, abbot, agreed and signed.

I, Ælfstan, abbot, agreed and signed.

I, Godwin, earl.

I, Leofric, earl.

I, Siward, earl.

I, Sweyn, earl.

I, Osgod, minister.

I, Ordgar, minister.

I, Odda, minister.

I, Ælfstan, minister.

I, Ordulf, minister.

Wulfwius, chancellor of royal dignity, read and sealed it. Given on the Kalends of August, in the fifth year of the reign of the most serene and glorious King Edward of the English, in the year of our Lord 1045, in the twelfth indiction, with the concurrence of the seventh and eighteenth epacts. Done at the royal palace in London, happily in God's name. Amen.

Flowers of History by Roger of Wendover 1233. How the marshal was warned of treachery against him.

The earls and barons in grand knightly array proceeded to London on the 1st of August to the appointed conference, and amongst the rest was Richard earl marshal (age 42), who took up his abode with his sister (age 32), the wife of Richard the king's brother (age 24); she then asked him the reason of his journey, to which he replied, that he had come to attend the conference. She then said to him, "Know, my dear brother, that your enemies are plotting to take you prisoner, and they will give you up to the king and the bishop of Winchester, in order that they may serve you the same as they did the earl of Kent (age 63)." The marshal would hardly believe these words of his sister's, until she showed by evident proofs the manner of his capture, and by whom he would be taken. He then began to believe her, and when night came on he took the road, and did not draw rein till he arrived in Wales. There came to the conference the earls of Chester (age 26) and Lincoln (age 41), the earl of Ferrers, and earl Richard the king's brother, with some other earls and several barons, but nothing was done there on account of the absence of the earl marshal and Gilbert Bassett (age 45), and some other nobles who did not make their appearance; on which the king, by the advice of Peter bishop of Winchester, and Stephen Seagrave, sent letters to all the nobles of the kingdom who owed him knight's service, inviting them to come, provided with horses and arms, to Gloucester, on Sunday before the Assumption of the blessed virgin Mary. Richard Marshal and some others however, who were confederated, refused to come at the time appointed, and the king, treating them as traitors, burnt their villages, destroyed their parks and warrens, and besieged their castles. The nobles who were confederated with one another, it was said, were the earl marshal, Gilbert Bassett and his brothers, all distinguished soldiers, Richard Siward, a man trained to arms from his youth, Walter de Clifford, a chosen knight, and many others who joined their cause; all of these the king, without any trial in his court by their peers, ordered to be declared banished and proscribed men, and gave their lands to his Poictevin servants, ordering their persons to be seized wherever they were found in the kingdom.

Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. Upon hearing these things, the king immediately sent five hundred armed knights and twenty thousand foot soldiers into Gascony, under the command of Lord John de St. John, who had formerly served as seneschal of that land, along with Lord John of Brittany and the most valiant knight William Latimer. After all preparations necessary for such an expedition had been completed at Portsmouth, they set out to sea around the Feast of St. Peter in Chains [1st August 1294]. However, due to contrary winds, the fleet was scattered along the coasts of Cornwall. They regrouped again at Plymouth around the Feast of St. Denis [9th October 1294], hoisted sail once more, and after enduring many and various perils of storms, finally landed in Gascony near the Feast of Saints Simon and Jude [28th October 1294], at Castillon, which lies on the banks of the River Garonne. The lord of that town submitted himself to them and to the King of England, received them with great joy, and treated them kindly. From there they marched to Macau, and the citizens surrendered on the Eve of All Saints [31st October 1294]. On the following day, the whole fleet anchored before Bourg-sur-Gironde [Mons Albani]. The townspeople wished to surrender, but they feared the Picards who were stationed in the town's garrison. When the Picards saw that the townspeople intended to surrender, they sallied out from the castle and slew many. The citizens sent messengers to the English reporting what had happened and begging for help. The English quickly came to their aid and drove the royal [French] troops back into the castle. The townspeople then surrendered. In the morning, when our men prepared to storm the castle, the Picards asked for a three-day truce so that they could send a messenger to Bordeaux. They promised to surrender without delay if no help arrived. So a boy was sent, and the Constable of Bordeaux and the Marshal of France replied that they could not come so quickly, but ordered the Picards to defend themselves and resist manfully, especially as they had supplies and all necessities to last six months. Upon hearing this, the Picards surrendered immediately, on condition that their lives, limbs, horses, and arms be spared, and they departed in peace. Eight days later, our forces returned to the town of Blaye, which lies two leagues from Bourg. The garrison there sought a similar truce and obtained it; but as no help came, they surrendered and left. Our troops found a large amount of provisions in both the town and the castle, including around 2,500 barrels of wine.

Hiis auditis mox ipse rex quingentos armatos et viginti millia peditum misit in Vasconiam cum domino Johanne de Sancto Johanne, qui ejusdem terræ olim senescallus extiterat, et cum domino Johanne de Britannia, et illo milite strenuissimo Willelmo Latymer; qui apud Portesmew omnibus ad expeditionem tantam necessariis præparatis, posuerunt se in mari circa festum beati Petri ad Vincula, et irruente vento contrario dispersæ sunt naves per partes Cornubiæ; iterumque recollectæ apud Plumeuthe circa festum beati Dionysii ventis vela iterato laxabant, et post multa variaque tempestatum discrimina tandem circa festum Apostolorum Symonis et Judæ, applicuerunt in Vasconiam apud Chastellon, quæ situatur in littore fluminis Gerundæ; deditque se eis et regi Angliæ dominus urbis illius, et eos cum lætitia magna suscepit, et benigne tractavit. Profectique sunt inde usque ad Makant et dederunt se cives in vigilia Omnium Sanctorum, et in crastino anchoraverunt cum tota classe ante Burgum super mare qui antiquitus dicebatur Mons Albani; cives autem se dare volebant, sed timebant Picardos qui erant in præsidio civitatis; cumque vidissent Picardi quod se dare vellent, exierunt a castro et plurimos peremerunt. Miseruntque cives ad Anglos nunciantes hæc et eorum auxilium exposcentes, qui confestim in eorum auxilium ascenderunt, et retraxerunt se regales in castrum, et cives se dederunt; mane autem facto cum nostri in castrum irruere voluissent, petierunt Picardi inducias triduales, ut misso nuncio Burdegalim si in eorum non venirent auxilium se statim redderent absque dubio. Misso igitur puero remandavit eis constabularius de Burdews et marescallus Franciæ quod ita festinanter venire non poterant, immo se defenderent et viriliter resisterent, præcipue cum haberent victualia et cætera quæque necessaria, pro tempore semestri; quo audito statim dederunt se, salvis sibi vita et membris, equis et armis, et abierunt in pace. Post dies octo reversi sunt nostri ad urbem de Blaynes, quæ distat a Burgo per duas leucas, et similes quasi treugas petierunt castrenses et habuerunt, sed nullo veniente auxilio dederunt se et abierunt, inveneruntque nostri victualia multa in urbe et in castro et dolia vini circiter MMD.

Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. And since the king had not yet returned from Wales at the time of the cardinals' arrival, having just concluded a war there, the king gave orders that the cardinals be treated with honour and remain in London until the Feast of Saint Peter in Chains [1st August 1296], awaiting his return. By that date, the king, having pacified Wales, appeared, along with all the magnates, both clerical and lay, who had been especially summoned for this occasion. The cardinals were received with honour and immense joy. When silence had been established, each of the cardinals spoke about peace and introduced many considerations in favour of it. Finally, concluding their speeches, they earnestly asked the king, as a zealous lover of peace and a faithful Catholic son, that he, as a most pious prince and child of peace, would be willing to incline his heart toward the good of peace. The response given to them on behalf of the king was that, after careful deliberation, he would answer their requests and questions on the third day. The theme of one of the cardinals' sermons was: "Give peace, O Lord, in our days"; the other chose: "May the Lord open your heart to His law and commandments, and bring peace." On the third day, the council was convened, and Friar William de Hotham preached in Latin, as the cardinals had done. His theme was: "I will hear what the Lord God will speak in me, for He will speak peace to His people." He emphasized that our king, as a true son of obedience and a lover of peace, was prepared to hear the apostolic commands as though spoken from Heaven and issued divinely. When the sermon was finished, by the king's command, the entire preceding account was read in French, namely, how the war had arisen between the two kings, and how it had continued until that day, so that those who acted as peace mediators and promoters might see and understand which of the kings held justice in the matter, or who was supporting injustice.

Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. In the year of our Lord 1297, the king, steadfast in his plan to cross to the continent, ordered that all those who owed him military service, and anyone who held £20 worth of land in England (a standard baronial threshold), were to assemble in London on the feast of St. Peter in Chains [1st August 1297]¹, fully prepared with horses and arms, ready to cross the sea without delay or excuse. When they gathered, and many saw the king firm in his purpose, some of the magnates said to him: "It is not wise, O King, nor good to cross the sea in this state, unless you are first reconciled with your spiritual father, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and with your barons. Only then will you be truly seen as counted among the bosom of Holy Mother Church." The king, realizing the justice and reason of this, called for the Archbishop of Canterbury, who was nearby. Setting aside all rancour, he received the archbishop back into special favour², even augmenting his previous standing. Trusting in the archbishop's goodness and loyalty, the king entrusted to him the care of his son Edward [the future Edward II] and the governance of England, jointly with Sir Reginald de Grey, before the entire people. He ordered that all the archbishop's possessions, even down to the last farthing, be restored. Thus, by God's favour, the archbishop who had been cast out and had faced persecution for the honour of God was restored with dignity. All the magnates present then swore fealty to Prince Edward at the king's command, and with raised hands, he was loudly proclaimed by the people as the true heir and future lord of the realm. The king also explained and excused himself for the taxes and forced requisitions he had exacted from the people, saying he could not pursue his campaigns without their generous support, especially since he acted not for himself alone but for the entire realm, as their protector and defender. He asked the people for their forgiveness and prayers, and while some prayed for him openly, others cursed him in secret. The Earls of Hereford and Norfolk Earl Marshal], who had withdrawn from royal service and refused to obey the king's commands, were stripped of their hereditary offices, which were then given to others more willing to serve. The two earls, angered by this, especially because they claimed to be defending not only their own rights but those of the whole commonwealth, said to the king's mediators: "It is not just our cause, but that of the entire realm that is being trampled, because of unjust oppressions, forced tallages (taxes), and seizures, especially because the king is acting contrary to the liberties of the Magna Carta." Seeing the king immovable in his will, and unwilling to struggle indefinitely under such uncertainty, they sent messengers to him, requesting that he remedy the articles listed below, both for themselves and the people. They added that if the king would confirm the Charter of Liberties and amend those grievances, they would be ready to follow him into life or death.

Anno Domini MCCXCVII rex, in suo proposito in permanens, præcepit ut omnes qui servitium sibi debebant, et omnes alii qui viginti libratas terræ a quocunque tenerent infra regnum Angliæ, essent Londoniis in festo beati Petri ad Vincula, parati cum equis et armis ad transfretandum cum eo absque dilatione qualibet vel excusatione. Cumque venissent ibidem, multique viderent regem in incepto proposito permanere, dixerunt ei magnatum quidam, "Non expedit, O rex, nec bonum est sic transfretare, nisi, primo reconciliato patre tuo spirituali Cantuariensi archiepiscopo et magnatibus tuis, inveniaris et ipse in sinu matris ecclesiæ numeratus." At ille in se reversus, et videns hoc justum esse et rationi consonum, mox accersito Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, qui præsens aderat, et omni rancoure deposito, ipsum cum suis in specialitatem recepit pristinam et majorem adauxit, confidens enim de bonitate ipsius et constantia curam et custodiam Edwardi filii sui et totius terræ Angliæ, adjuncto sibi domino Reginaldo de Gray, coram omni populo commisit, præcepitque ut omnia sibi restituerentur, etiam usque ad ultimum quadrantem. Sicque, favente Deo, cum honore reductus est, qui mortem non metuens pro honore Dei certavit ad mortem, omnesque magnates qui ibi aderant, ipso regis filio, ex præcepto patris, fidelitatem faciebant, et ab omni populo levatis Edward. dextris verus conclamabatur hæres, futurus dominus, et regni successor. Excusavit etiam se rex de exactionibus et prisis quas a populo susceperat, dicens se incepta prosequi non posse nisi eorum subveniret larga manus, præcipue cum non suam tantum immo totius populi ageret causam, tanquam protector eorum et defensor. Rogavitque populum, accepta licentia, ut omnia condonarentur ei, et orarent pro eo. Et orabant quidam publice, alii autem maledicebant in occulto. Prædicti vero comites Herefordensis et marescallus a rege se subtrahentes, cum votis ipsius non parerent ab eorum officiis absoluti sunt, deditque rex eorum officia aliis quibusdam qui ministrarent ei. Quod ipsi grave ferentes, præcipue cum non tantum propriam sed etiam totius communitatis causam agerent, dicentes mediatoribus pacis, qui inter ipsos et regem equitabant, quod non solum ipsi sed tota communitas terræ gravata erat, et ultra modum, de injustis vexationibus, talliagiis, et prisis, et maxime quod non secundum libertates Magnæ Cartæ ducerentur; cumque regis animum viderent immobilem, et diutius sub incerto ventum verberare nolentes, missis ad regem nunciis, rogaverunt eum ut subscriptos articulos pro se et pro populo emendare juberet, adjicientes quod si Cartam Libertatum confirmare vellet et articulos corrigere, parati erant omnes eum sequi in vitam vel in mortem.

Note 1. This date is supported by Walsingham, but according to the writ entered on the Rot. Claus. 25 Edward I m. 14, d. they were summoned to be ready at London on Sunday next after the Octaves of St. John the Baptist, 7th July.

Note 2. The writ commanding the restoration of the archbishop's lay fees is dated at Westminster on the 11th of July 1297, and, shortly after, the King wrote to the sheriffs to protect and defend the clergy in general from all injury and molestation.

Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. Meanwhile, the time drew near for the bishop to undertake the promised journey, and he began to appease the lord king more than usual, promising and assuring that he would do justice and provide good and faithful ministers; and his liberty was restored to him. At that same time, around the [1st August 1303], the aforesaid Prior Richard returned from the curia, and was received with joy by his brethren of Durham in the third year of his expulsion.¹ The lord bishop then set his steps towards the Roman curia, but not, however, as he had promised, because Pope Boniface, mentioned above, had died. Pope Benedict having succeeded him, the lord bishop sought to be granted, for the purpose of carrying out the aforesaid business of the Holy Land, the tithes of the English Church, and also of Scotland and Ireland, for three continuous years. But he was mocked, and again poured out the very bowels of his wealth. He only managed to obtain that the Archbishop of Canterbury (age 58) and the Bishops of Winchester and Lincoln should come in person to visit the chapter of Durham and make salutary corrections, both in head and in members. For the Bishop of Durham did not wish to conduct the visitation himself, because Pope Boniface had restricted him by issuing a special constitution on the matter (which begins Ad Audientiam), providing that the Bishops of Durham should not henceforth make a visitation except with only one religious [companion], and one cleric, and one notary. The bishop then returned to England, and in that same year Pope Benedict died; and thus, with the death of the one giving the mandate, the mandate itself expired. Afterwards, the aforesaid prior laid many complaints before the king's ears, and they could not be reconciled until the king's parliament at London, in Lent of the fourth year following.

Interim appropinquavit tempus episcopi, ut promissum iter arriperet, et incepit plus solito placare dominum regem, promisitque et assecuravit justitiam facere, et ministros præstare bonos et fideles, et restituta est ei libertas sua. Eodem tempore circa festum beati Petri ad Vincula, prædictus prior Ricardus reversus est de curia, et a fratribus suis Dunolmensibus cum gaudio susceptus est in anno tertio ejectionis suæ; et dominus episcopus ad Romanam curiam direxit gressus suos, non tamen ut promiserat, quia obierat Bonifacius papa prædictus. Succedente vero eidem papa Benedicto, dominus episcopus pro exequendo prædicto negotio Terræ Sanctæ decimas Anglicanæ ecclesiæ, Scotia et Hiberniæ, per tres annos continuos concedi sibi petiit. Sed irrisus est, effuditque iterato viscera pecuniæ suæ. Et solummodo impetravit, quod Cantuariensis archiepiscopus, Wintoniensis et Lincolniensis episcopi personaliter venirent et visitarent capitulum Dunolmense, et correctiones salubres facerent, tam in capite quam in membris. Noluit enim Dunolmensis episcopus visitare per se, eo quod dominus papa Bonifacius limitaverat eum, faciendo super hoc constitutionem specialem, (quæ "Ad Audientiam" incipit,) quod Dunolmenses episcopi non visitabunt de cætero, nisi cum uno religioso tantum, et uno clerico, et uno tabellione. Reversusque est episcopus in Angliam, et in eodem anno mortuus est ille papa Benedictus: et sic mortuo mandatore, expiravit mandatum. Deposuitque subsequenter prædictus prior ad aures regis querelas multas, nec concordari poterant usque ad parliamentum regis Londoniis, in Quadragesima anni quarti subsequentis.

Note 1. Godwin says the Prior of Durham died on his return home before reaching England.

Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. Seeing that they could make no progress there, the Scots, having lost many men, returned to their own lands¹. At that same time² there came messengers from Edward [Bruce], sent by Lord Edward de Brus to Lord Robert his brother, who was then in Ireland seeking to subjugate that island for himself. He reported that unless help could quickly be obtained, he would lose himself, his men, and his treasure. In response, Robert gathered thirty thousand of the strongest fighting men from Scotland and sent them into Ireland in support, counsel, and aid of his brother. Lord Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, was then sent from the side of the King of England to guard the Scottish March. Gathering an army, he rode peacefully through the whole land of Tynedale, and coming into Northumberland, laid waste all the land, destroying every kind of crop. But entering into Scotland and finding only a few Scots, he took to flight, thus giving boldness to the enemy. These same Scots pursued him as far as Comrech, and having killed many of the English, returned with honour to their own land, our men having fled in the most shameful fashion, and, alas! many being slain.

Videntes autem Scoti quod ibi proficere non valerent, ad partes proprias, amissis multis hominibus, redierunt. Illo eodem tempore venerunt Edward nuncii per dominum Edwardum de Brus missi tempts the subjugation domino Roberto fratri suo in Hibernia existentem, qui insulam illam sibi voluit subjugare, quod nisi remedium possit citius obtineri, se ipsum amitteret, suos homines insuper et thesaurum; qui collectis triginta mille pugnatoribus de Scotia fortissimis, ad partes Hiberniæ destinavit, in fratris sui subsidium, consilium, et favorem. Missus est ergo dominus Emericus The Earl of de Valencia de Pembruc a latere regis Angliæ, ravages ut marchiam Scotia custodiret, qui collecto exercitu totam terram de Tyndalle pacifice equitavit, et veniens ad partes Northumbriæ totam terram in quolibet blado vastavit. Atque but is forced terram Scotia ingrediens propter paucos Scotos, fugam iniit, audaciam tribuens inimicis; qui scilicet Scoti secuti eum usque Comrech," et multis de Anglis interfectis, Scoti cum honore ad propria redierunt, nostris vilissime fugatis, et multis, proh dolor! interfectis.

Note 1. The siege was raised on the 1st of August, 1315. Chronicle Lanercost, 232, ed. 1839

Note 2. Bruce's departure into Ireland to the assistance of his brother, is properly placed by the Chronicle of Lanercost (p. 233).

On the 4th of January, 1317, King Edward issued his writs, summoning the nobles who held lands in Ireland to be at Haverford by the Feast of the Purification (February 2), ready to attend Lord Roger Mortimer, of Wigmore, in his expedition against the Scots.

Adam Murimuth Continuation. 1st August 1323. In this year, around the feast of St. Peter in Chains (August 1st), the envoys of Charles, King of France, namely Lord Beuville and Lord Andrew of Florence, came to the King of England at Pickering to summon and warn him to come within a set time to do his homage to Charles, the new King of France, for the Duchy of Aquitaine. And although Hugh Despenser the Younger and Robert de Baldock had persuaded the envoys not to disclose to the King the true reason for their coming, nonetheless, upon their departure, they warned him—seemingly as advice—that he should go, as it had been enjoined upon them to both summon and warn him. Upon this warning or summons, the said Lord Andrew of Florence, who was a notary, made a public instrument. By virtue of this document, the King of France initiated legal proceedings against the King of England and caused many lands in Gascony to be seized, as will appear below, all as a penalty for the contumacy (willful disobedience) of the King of England, who had been misled by evil counselors into believing that the aforementioned summons or warning did not legally bind him.

1st August 1323. Hoc anno, circa gulam Augusti, venerunt ad regem Angliæ, apud Pykeringe, nuncii regis Franciæ Karoli, videlicet dominus Beoville et dominus Andreas de Florencia, ad citandum et monendum eum quod veniret infra certum tempus ad faciendum homagium suum ipsi Karolo, novo regi Franciæ, pro ducatu Aquitaniæ; et licet Hugo Dispensator filius et Robertus de Baldock procurassent ipsos nuncios quod ipei non notificarent regi illam causam sui adventus, ipsi tamen in recessu suo monuerunt eum, quasi consulendo, quod ipse veniret, sicut fuit eis injunctum quod facerent et monerent. Super qua monitione give citatione dictus dominus Andreas de Florencia, qui fuit notarius, fecit publicum instrumentum, virtute cujus rex Franciæ fecit processum contra regem Angliæ et terras multas Vasconiæ seysiri, sicut inferius apparebit, et totum in pœnam contumaciæ regis Angliæ, qui fuit informatus per malos consiliarios quod ipsum præfata citatio seu monitio non artabat.

Letters. 1st August 1394. Letter XXVI. Annabella Queen of Scotland (age 44) to King Richard II (age 27).

To the most high and mighty prince Richard, by the grace of God king of England, our very dear cousin, Annabella, by the selfsame grace queen of Scotland sends health and greeting.

We give you hearty and entire thanks for your loving letters presented to as by oar well-beloved Donglas, herald-at-arms, from which we have learned to our great pleasure and comfort your good health and estate. And, dearest cousin, as touching the marriage-treaty to be made between some nearly allied to you by blood and some children of the king my lord and of us, be pleased to know that it is agreeable to the king (age 57) my said lord and to us, as he has signified to you by these letters. And in especial, that, although the said treaty could not be held on the third day of July last past for certain and reasonable causes contained in your letters sent to the king my aforesaid lord, you consented that the treaty should in like manner take place another day, namely, the first day of October next coming, which is agreeable to the king my aforesaid lord and to us; and we thank you heartily aud with good will, and affectionately pray you that you will continue the said treaty, and have the said day kept, for it is the will of my said lord the king and of us that as far as in us lies the said day should be kept without fail. And, dearest cousin, we affectionately require and entreat you that your highness will not be displeased that we have not sooner written to you; for we were lying in childbed of a male infant named James, of whom we are now well and graciously delivered, thanks to God and our Lady. And also, because, at the coming of your letters, the king my said lord was far away in the isles of his kingdom, we did not receive these letters sent to us on this matter till the last day of July last past. Most high and puissant prince, may the Holy Ghost ever keep you! Given under our signet, at the abbey of Dumfermline [Map], the first day of August.

Patent Rolls. 1st August 1462. Westminster Palace [Map]. Grant to the king's uncle William Neville (age 57), Earl of Kent and lord of Fauconberg, and the heirs male of his body of the manors and lordships of Crukerne, Misterton, Glopton, Kyngeston by Yevulchestre, Somerton Erleghy Batheneston and Shekerwike, co. Somerset, Northam, Londay, Slapton, Torrybrian, Clyfton Dertmouth Hardenesse, Norton Daunde by Dertmouth, Aylesbeare and Whympell, co. Devon, and Shevyok, Antony, Portloo, Landulp, Trelowia, Northill, Landrian, Legh Durant, Oldlawitta, Penpol, Elerky and Lanyhorn, co. Cornwall, the boroughs of Crofthull and Portpigham, co. Cornwall, the lordships and manors of Ebryngton, Yeverne Courteney, Maperton, Ramsam, Wroxhale, Childefrome, Tolre Porcorum, Pountknoll, Valet, Clevecombo, Swere, Netherkentcombe and Hasilbeare, co. Dorset, the castle and lordship of Warder, co. Wilts, the lordships and manors of Chellesfelde, Esthall, Faukehnm, Ayssh and Wylmyngtou, co. Kent, and Maunsfelde, Lyndeby and Clypston in Shirwode, co. Nottingham, tho castle and lordships of Horeston and Balsover, co. Derby, the lordships and manor's of Whitle and Warpesden alias Warpelesden, co. Surrey, the manors of Bondeby, co. Lincoln, and Westle, co. Suffolk, all manors, messuages, lands, rents and services late of Antony Nuthill of Holdernesse in the county of York, all burgages, messuages, lands, rents and services late of Thomas Tresham (age 42), knight, in the town, suburb and fields of Norhampton, the manor of Wavenden, co. Buckingham, and all other lands, rents and services in those places, with all timber and lead, late of the said Thomas Tresham in the town of Norhampton, with advowsons, knights' fees, frandchises, liberties, hundreds, courts leet, views of frank-pledge, fairs, markets, warrens, fisheries, wreck of sea, chattels of felons and fugitives and all other profits, in the king's hands by reason of an act of Parliament at Westminster, 4 November, and all the issues of the same from the first day of the reign. And if he die without male heir of his body the king grants the said lordships and manors of Crukeme, Aylesbcare, Whympell, Torribrian, Ebryngton, Yeverne Courtenay, Shevyok, Antony, Portloo, Landulp, Trelowia, Northll, Landryan, Legh Durant, Oldlawitta, Penpoll, Elerky, Norton, Croftholl, Porpighan and Lavyhome with advowsons and knight's fees to George Neville, Bishop of Exeter (age 30), John Markham, knight, chief Justice of the Bench, Robert Danby, knight, chief justice of the Common Bench, Thomas Witham (age 42), chancellor of the Exchequer, Thomas Cooke, citizen and alderman of London, Robert Ingleton, John Payntour and Thomas Graveson for twelve years from his death.

Tudor Tracts Chapter 20. On Tuesday, being the 1st of August [1587], in the morning, about eight of the clock, the Chief Mourner, being [Bridget Russell (age 61)] the Countess of Bedford [now the Widow of her third husband], was attended upon by all the Lords and Ladies; and brought into the Presence Chamber within the Bishop's Palace: which [Chamber], all over, was hanged with black cloth.

She was, by the Queen's Majesty's Gentlemen Ushers, placed somewhat under a Cloth of Estate [canopy] of purple velvet: where, having given to the [Gentlemen representing, on this occasion, the] Great Officers, their Staffs of Office (viz. to the Lord Steward; Lord Chamberlain; the Treasurer, and Comptroller [of the Household]), she took her way into the Great Hall.

The Mourners came out of the Bishop's Palace; being set in order by the Heralds thus:

First 100 Releevants; poor old women, for the most part widows: in black cloth gowns, with an ell of white Holland over their heads; which they had for their labour, and nine shillings apiece in money. These divided themselves in the body of the Church; and stood half on the one side, and half on the other: and there stood during the whole Solemnity.

At the Church door, the Singing Men and Quiristers met the Mourners with a Psalm; and led them the way into the Chancel, continuing singing, with the Organ, until the Sermon began.

Then followed two Yeomen, viz.: the Sheriff [of Northamptonshire]^ Bailiff and the Bailiff of Peterborough; with black staves.

And after them [100 poor men, in] Mourning Coats.

Then Sir George Savile (age 37), in a Mourning gown, carrying the great Standard: viz. a Cross on a Field azure; the Streamer, a Unicorn argent in a Field of guiles; a Posy written, In my defence, God me defend!

Then followed Mourning Cloaks, two by two, a great number: whereof the first were the late Queen's Officers.

And after them, Mourning Gowns.

Archaeologia Volume 1 Section 55. On Tuesday, being the first of August [1587], in the morning, about eight of the clock, the chief mourner, being the Countess of Bedford (age 61), was attended upon by all the lords and ladies, and brought into the prefence chambre within the bifhop's palace, which all over was hanged with black cloath; me was by the queens majefties gentlemen uihers placed fomewhat under a cloth of eftate of purple velvet, where, having given to the great officers their ftaves of office, viz. to the lord lleward, lord chamberlayne, the treafurer, and comptroller, me took her way into the great hall, where the corps flood; and the heralds having marmalled the feveral companies, they made their proceedings as followeth.

Two conductors in black, with black staves.

Poor women mourners to the number of 100. 2 and 2.

Two yeomen harvengers.

The standard of Scotland borne by Sir George Savill, knight.

Gentlemen in clokes to the number of 50, being attendants on the lords and ladies.

Six grooms of the chamber, viz. Mr ... Eaton, Mr .... Bykye, Mr .... Ceavaval, Mr Flynr, Mr .... Charlton, Mr .... Lylle.

Three gentlemen sfewers to the queen's majesty, Mr. Horseman, Mr. Fynes, and Mr. Martin.

Gentlemen in gownes, Mr. Worme, Mr. Holland, Mr. Crewste, Mr. Watson, Mr. Allington, Mr. Barrel, and Mr. Fescue.

Scots in clokes, 17 in number.

A Scottish prieft.

Mr. Fortescue, master of the wardrobe to the queens majestie.

The bishop of Peterborough.

The bishop of Lincoln.

The great banner, borne by Sir Andrew Nowell, knight.

The comptroller, Mr. Melvin.

The treasurer, Sir Edward Montague. The lord Chamberlayne, was Lord Dudley.

The lord steward, was Lord St. John of Basing.

Two ushers.

Atchievements of honor born by heralds. The healme and crest borne by Portcullis, target, borne by York, sword, borne by Rouge Dragon. coat, borne by Somerset.

Clarencieux king of arms, with a gentleman usher, Mr. Conyngsbye.

The corps born by esquires in clokes. Mr. Francis Fortescue. Mr. William Fortescue. Mr. Thomas Stafford. Mr. Nicholas Smith. Mr. Nicholas Hyde. Mr .... Howlands, the bishop's brother. Eight bannerolles, borne by esquires:

King Robert impaling Drummond, By Mr. WilliamFittz Williams.

King James the 1st impaling Beaufort, Mr. Griffin of Dingley.

Guelders, Mr. Robert Wingfield.

King James 3d impaling Denmark, Mr. Bevill.

King James 4th impaling the arms of Henry 7th of England, Mr Lynne.

King James £th impaling Guys, Mr John Wingfield

King of France impaling the arms of Mary queen of Scotland, Mr SPencer

Lord Darnley impaling the arms! of Mary queen of Scotland, Mr. John Fortefcue Aywood.

The canopy, being of black velvet fringed with gold, borne by four knights, viz. Sir Thomas Manners, Sir George Hastings, Sir James Harrington, Sir Richard Knightly.

Assistants to the body, Four barons which bore up the corners of the pall of velvet. The Lord Mordant. The Lord Willoughby of Parham. The Lord Compton. Sir Thomas Cecill.

Mr. Garter, with the gentleman umer, Mr. Brakenbnry.

The Countesse of Bedford, supported by the Earls of Rutland (age 36), and Lincolne (age 46), her train borne up by the Lady St. John of Basting, and assisted by Mr. John Manners, vice chamberlain.

The Countesse of Rutland (age 34), Countesse of Lincolne. The Lady Talbot, Lady Mary Savell. The Lady Mordant, the Lady St. John of Bletshoe. The Lady Manners, the Lady Cecill. The Lady Montague, the Lady Nowell. Mrs. AHngton, Mrs. Curle.

Two ushers.

Eight Scottish gentlewomen.

The gentlewomen of Countess's and Baroness's, according to their degrees, all in Black.

Servants in black coates. The Countess of Bedford, 10. Countesse of Rutland, 8. Countesse of Lincoln, 8. Lady St. John of Basing, 5. All lords and ladyes, 5. All knights and their wives 4, All equires, 1.

Archaeologia Volume 15 Section XI Page 128. William Cunnington, Archaeologia, Vol. 15, p.122-26

August 1st, Heytesbury 1803.

The tumulus [Golden Barrow aka Upton Lovell 2e [Map]] opened last Thursday in Upton Lovel parish, is situated a few yards north of the river Wily. It is of a pyramidical form, the base length 58 feet by 38 feet wide [g] and 22 feet in the slope, and stands from east to west. The northside of the barrow is extremely neat, the fouth side is much mutilated. On making a section lengthways on the barrow, at about two feet deep we found in a very shallow cist, human burnt bones piled in a little heap; and at the distance of a foot a considerable quantity of ashes [h] which contained small fragments of human bones; above, and at two feet distant from the bones were found the following articles of pure gold, which are neatly wrought, and highly burnished, viz. about thirteen gold beads made in the form of a drum, having two ends to screw off and perforated in the sides; [i] 2ndly, a thin plate of the same metal 2.25 inches by 5.25 inches; this is very neatly ornamented, as you will see by the annexed drawing: [k] 3dly, a beautiful Bulla (as I conjecture) of a conical form; [l] the inside of this is a solid cone of wood, the gold -which completely covered it is very thin; at the base are two holes for a thread or wire by which it was suspended; near the above were found four articles, viz. two of each, that appeared once to have covered the ends of slaves. [m] Among the gold ornaments lay several flat pieces of amber, the eighth of an inch in thickness, and about an inch wide; there were all perforated lengthways, but were sadly broken in getting out. What is very extraordinary, there were also nearly one thousand amber beads of different sizes. Close to the pile of ashes we found a very small urn, a lance-head of brass, and a pin of the same metal. The urn is of a very extraordinary form, appearing exactly as though it had been stuck all over with small black grapes. In this barrow, contrary to the usual method of interment on the Downs, which are on or in the native soil, we found the cist nearly on the top; and this deviation was probably occasioned from the wetness of the foil, being near the river, or it might have been the manner of interring their great chieftains. From the vail quantity of beads, it might be conjectured that a female had been interred here, but it is well known that our British chiefs wore pearls, beads, etc. On some of the coins of Conobeline we fee beads or pearls on the head. We find in other respects similar method of interment to what we find in many other barrows; the small urn, lance-head of brass, brass pin, etc. are common. From the profusion of valuable ornaments, for valuable they must have been at the period of their interment, we might rationally conclude this barrow to have been the sepulchre of some great chief; in all probability a chief of the Belgic Britons.

I am. Sir,

Your most humble Servant,

William Cunnington.

A. B. Lambert, Esq. Boyton House .

Note g. The length on the top 21 fe

Note h. A circumstance very common.

Note i. See fig. 5.

Note k. You see only a part of this plate: the whole length was about six inches; the pieces broken off had holes in the corners, perhaps used as a bread plate.

Note l. See fig. 1; the bafe of this is neatly ornamented

Note m. See fig. 2, 3.

Diary of a Dean by Merewether. 1st August 1849. Aug. 1st. The next day was to witness the assemblage of the neighbourhood to inspect Silbury; and this very picturesque event I have already described in the former paper. Our party occupied the morning, till the time of repairing to Silbury, in visiting the barrows lying near Beckhampton, between the Calne and Devizes roads. In some of these, very curious urns and remains had been discovered, some of which I shall describe hereafter; but most appeared to have been disturbed. One high up on the hill in the northern direction was examined, but without success. It would be an indication of ungrateful disrespect —for it could not he forgetfulness —were I to omit, though briefly, to record the employment of the evening of this day, and the route we took; albeit it were well to start somewhat earlier than we did, specially if so splendid a moon as conducted us home might not be reckoned upon. But then, as we had been very fully occupied during the day, some regard was needful to he had toward such discoveries as we might be able to make at the Archæological Hotel, calculated to recruit our exhausted strength, which being satisfactorily accomplished, we proceeded with a very docile pair of horses and driver, both desiderata in such an expedition, first to Oldbury Castle [Map], a splendid position, overlooking the rich vale of Caine, Chippenham, Christian Malford, and Malmsbury, and bearing in its entrenchments the characteristics of Roman occupation, enlarged possibly at some time on the south-west side, but very possibly having been previously a British position, and even subsequently occupied by later warriors. I possess an iron spear-head, and one of those curious circular stones with a hole in the centre, found here. Thence we cut across the down towards the Roman road, the Via Badonica leading from Cunetio [Map] to Aquæ-solis [Map], and which, on arriving at Silbury Hill, which it would otherwise have cut at one-third of its base, deflects its course. We cannot boast that any of the dii deœque minors much less Diana herself, Bivia, Trivia, or whatever she might here have been called of old, were very propitious to us; though, in truth, she made ample amende by her bright guidance, when it was subsequently so much needed. The devotees of Ceres had strangely cut up this ancient road; so that, to traverse it with its full complement was not so easy a matter, either to the wheels of our vehicle, to the poor animals who had to draw it, or, indeed, to its occupants; to say nothing of the conductor. So that we traced the ancient way on foot, and were ready, not unneeded, to replace in its vertical position our tottering and almost subverted equipage, at a spot where the descent to Calston below would have been facile enough per saltum, or per volutationem, for the road in this part runs on the very edge of the abrupt and steep precipice of the hill. After some time spent in these corrective and directive pursuits, having fairly landed the really patient driver on the turf, to seek in advance the summit of the hill, we again became viatores in the strict sense of the word, and in its cognate road, until we reached its junction with the famous Wansdyke, the high vallum of which, in most places from 30 to 40 ft. high, is here and for a considerable distance cut down to fill up the foss and form the road. From this point our explorations were by moonlight, bright as day; we had every reason to be grateful for the propitious aid; by it we traced the some what sinuous range of the Wansdyke; I marked, after thirty years' absence, a barrow almost on its bank, which I had meis manibus excavated some 7 or 8 ft. in depth, finding one solitary glass bead (N), which I still possess. The Wansdyke, ere it makes its turn to the right by Shepherd's shore, forms, without any apparent reason, two right angles; and its trench at this point is very deep, and its vallum marvellously high and steep. From hence we were reluctantly obliged, having succeeded in finding our equipage, to return towards Silbury. Some of our party (and one was a lady, precious as an Archmologist and deserving of all our consideration, as well as her excellent brother) had to return the same night to Marlborough. The plain over which we travelled possesses some earthworks worthy of inspection, especially one enclosing, with an approaching avenue to it, some curious barrows. Towards the right Wansdyke boldly ascends the downs to Tan Hill; some say St. Ann's, others the Hill of Tanaris. The whole of this range is replete with exceeding interest, and Madlv should I be the conductor once more of the whole Archæological Institute amidst its varied treasures.

The Times. 1st August 1892. The marriage of Mr. Victor Cavendish (age 24), MP, eldest son of the late Lord Edward Cavendish, and nephew and heir presumptive of tho Duke of Devonshire (age 59), to Lady Evelyn Fitzmaurice (age 21), eldest daughter of the Marquis of Lansdowne (age 47), Viceroy of India, took place on Saturday afternoon in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster [Map]. The church was tastefully decorated with flowers. A large crowd assembled outside the church long before half-past 2, the hour fixed for the ceremony, but admittance could only be obtained by those favoured with invitations or tickets. Shortly before 2 o'clock, Mr. Victor Cavendish entered by the east door, secompanied by his brother, Mr. Richard Cavendish (age 21), who dlscharged the duties of best man, and took up his position at the chancel steps. Meanwhile the bridesmaids, eight in number, assembled inside the entrance. They were Miss Blanche Egerton (age 21), eldest daughter of the Hon. Francis (age 67) and Lady Louisa Egerton (age 57), cousin of the bridegroom; Lady Francis Spencer Churchill (age 21) eldest daughter of the Marchioness of Blandford, Lady Maud Anson (age 23), daughter of the Earl of Lichfield, Lady Katherine Scott (age 17), daughter of the Duke of Buccleuch (age 60); Lady Gladys Hamilton (age 12), daughter of the Duke of Abercorn (age 53), Miss Muriel Herbert, second cousin of the bride; Lady Dorothy Osborne (age 3), daughter of the Marquis of Carmarthen (age 29); and Miss Margery Digby, daughter of Colonel and Lady Emily Digby (age 37), cousin of the bride.

They were attired alike in dresses of white satin veiled with lisse, the bodices being arranged with fichus having small frills at the edge, and tied in large bows in front, and wore Gainsborough hats trimmed with white feathers and pale pink roses. Each carried a shower bouquet of pink roses and wore a diamond snake brooch, the Cavendish crest, a present from the bridegroom. Master Harry Strettfeild, son of Colonel and Lady Florence Streatfeild (age 32), acted as psge, and wore a costume of white velvet, and a diamond scarf-pin, the bridegroom's gift.

The bride, who arrived punctually at half-past 2, was met at the entrance by the clergy and choir, and a procession being formed, advanced up the aisle, the choristers singing "The voice that breathed o'er Eden" to a setting by Barnby. The Bishop of London, uncle of the bride-groom, performed the nuptial rite, and was assisted in the service by the Rev. John Duncan, M.A., Vicar of CaIne, Wilts, and chaplain to the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Rev. C. Gore and the Rev. H. Rounsell. The music used throughout the service was by Barnby, and included "Jlesn, lover of my soul," from the Hymnary, and "For all the Saints who from their labours rest." The bride, who, in the absence of the Viceroy, was given away by her brother, the Earl of Kerry, wore a dress of rich white satin duchesse trimmed with beautiful Brussels point lace; the skirt being plainly made, and having a very narrow trimming round the hem. Her tulle veil fell from a wreath of orange flowers and her ornaments included a diamond necklace and a pearl necklace, the gift of her father, thee diamond stars, given by Lady Edward Cavendish, and a fine diamond bracelet, presented to her by the Viceregal Staff in India. At the conclusion of the ceremony the bridal party proceeded to the vestry and signed the registers, the attestors being the Marchioness of Lansdowne (age 42), the Duke of Devonshire, the Duke of Abercorn, Lady Edward Cavendish, and the Dowager Maarchioness of Lansdowne, during which the organist plaved the March from St. Polycarp.

The bride, and bridegroom left the church Mendelssohn's Wedding March was played, acd the hells of St. Margaret's rang out a merry peal. The reception was held at ffampden-houlse, lent for the occasion by the Duke and Duchess of Abercorn. In the Lawrence Room was stationed Herr Wurms's White Vienna Band, and refreshments were served in the dining room, the long buffet being profusely decorated with choice white flowers admirably arranged in a number of large silver bowls. Among the company present were the Duke of Devonshire, the Duke and Duchess (age 55) of Bucceuch, the Duke and Duchess of Abercorn, the Duchess Dowager of Abercorn, the Duchess of Leeds and the Ladies Godolphin Osborne, the Dowager Maarchioness of Lansdowne, Lady Edward Cavendish, Lady Frederick Cavendish, the Countess of Kerry, Lord Charles Fitzmaurice, Lord and Lady Edmond Fitzmaurice, the Marchioness of Salisbury and Lady Gwrendolen Cecil, the Marchioness of Blandford and the Ladies Spencer Churchill, the Marquis of Headtort, the Dowager Marchioness of Waterford, the Marchioness of Waterford, the Countess of Normanton and Lady Mary Agar, the Countess of Mayo and Lady Florence Bourke, the Earlof Ava. theEarl and Countess of Morley, and Lady Katherine Parker the Earl and Countess of Minto and the Ladies Elliot Countess Percy and the Ladies Percy, Earl Winterton Countess Spencer, the Earl and Countess of St Germans and Mliss Lascelles, the Earl of Camperdown, Viscount Cross, Viscountess Galway, Viscountess Hampden and the Hon. Miss Brand, Lord Robert Cecil, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Lady Gladys Hamilton, Lord John Hamnilton, Lord Henry Fitzgerald, LadyHelen Feruson,Lady Li ian Yorkeand Miss Pelly, Lady Rovelstokc and the HIon. M£i5S Baring, Lady George Hamlton, Lady lantage, Lord Frederick Hamilton, the Ladies Egerton, Lord and Lady Alexander Russcll, Lady Constance Scott, Lady Harris, Lady Louisa Blagelis, Lady Beatrix Herbert and Miss Uuriel Herbert, Lady Mauriel Boyle, Lady Lyttelton, Lady Fanny Marjoribanks, Lady Olliffe and Mlliss Olliffe, Lady Abercromby, Lady Claud Hamilton, Lady William Osborne Elphinstone, the Hon. Lady Yoley, the Hon. Charles Gore, Mr. and Mrs. Childers, 1r. Chaplin, the Hon. bliss Roberts and Miss Pryde, Hon. Percy Wyndham and Miss Pamela KWyndham and the.on. MIary lVyndham, the Hon. Thomas Egerton, thec Hon. C. Anson, the Hon. Mrs. Assheton 6?urzon, the Hon. Lionel Holland, the Hon. Alexander Hood, Mlajor the Hon Montagu and M1rs. COrzon, the Hon. Mrs. Agar Ellis, Mr. and Lady Louise Loder, Lady Sybil Beauclerk, Sir James Ramsden, Sir George Baden-Powell Sir Thomas and Lady Brooks, Sir Andrew Scobie, Sir. Henry and Miss James, General Sir Hugh and Lady Gough, Sir Donald Wallace, Colonel and Lady Emily Digby, MIr. and Lady Helena Heneasge, Sir George and Lady Young, General Arthur Ellis, Ilrs. Grenfell, BMrs. Temple, Mr. Hercert, MIrs. Reginald Brett, Miss Chandos Pole, Mr. IV. H. Grenfell, Mrs. Arthur Barclay, Admiral and Mrs. F. Robinson, Mr. Leveson-Gower, Mr. G. Leveson-Gower, Mr. and Mrs. Albert Grey, Mr. Reginald Loder, Mr. Leeson, Colonel Ian and MN rs. Haamilton, Mr. James Cavendish, Mr. and Mrs. Baillie Hamilton, Mr. and Mirs. P. Ponsonby, Mrs. Francis Gore, and many others. Later in the afternoon Mr. and Lady Evelyn Cavendish left for Bowood-park, Lord Lansdowne's seat in Wiltshire, for the honeymoon. Lady Evelyn Cavendish travelled in a dress of ptle blue radzimir, trimmed with white embroidered lisse, with lar-e revers of white moire antique, and wore a large black hat.

The Queen (age 73) presented the bride with an Indian shawl, and the bridegroom with a bronze statuette of herself, with the inscription, "Presented to Victor Cavendish by Victoria, R.I., 1892." The Empress Eugenie gave the bride a ruby and diamond watch bracelet, and Princess Christian presented the bridegroom with 12 volumes of Tennyson's poems, bound in white calf. The other presents to the bride included, from the bridegroom, a superb diamond tiara, an antique chatelaine watch set in diamonds, and a sapphire and diamond bracelet; from the Marchioness of Lansdowne, a diamond necklace and a pearl necklace; the Duke and Duchess of Buecleuch, a diamond and pearl necklace; the Duke of Devonshire, a three-stringed pearl necklace the Ducchess of 'Abercorm, pair of gold links with tucquoise in centre; the Duke of Abercorn, silver and tortoiseshell box; the Dowager Duchess of Abercorn, gold and enamel filagree tulip watch, gold bracelet with motto, and four silver-gilt shell dishes; the Duke of Westminster, a necklace of brilliantts, pink topazes, beryls, and white enamel olira leaves; the MIa-quis of Lansdowne's staff diamond heart bracelet; the Duke and Duchess of St. Albans, pair of amber heart-shaped links with diamond centres; the Duke and Duchess of Bedford, diamond and carbuncle horseshoe brooch: the Dowager M1archioness of Lansdowne, diamond and sapphire thistle brooch the Earl of Mlount Edgeumbe, diamond and sapphire bangle; the Earl of Durham, diamond and sapphire brooch, the Marquis de Lavalette, ring with large pearl in centre and iamonds; La Marquise de Lavalette, diamond flowver brooch; the Earl and Countess of Powis, silver ink-stand and candlesticks; the Earl of Kerry and Lord Charles Fitzmaurice, silver tea service in case; Earl and Countess Winterton, fluted silver bowl; Countess Russell, silver fan-shaped box; the Earl of Rosebery 2 pair of silver candlesticks; the MIarquis of Tullibardine, pair of tortoiseshell and silver opera-glasses the Countess of Lichfield, pair of carved rosewood book shelves; the Countess of Kerry, pair of silver candlesticks; the Marquis of Hamilton, two silver pepper-boxes in case; the Duke of Athole, silver and tortoiseshell inkstand and tray with letter clip; Countess Granville, fitted luncheon basket;fhe MIarquis of Bath, tortoiseshell and silver photo frame Earl and Countess Fitzwilliam, silver-gilt box; the Dowager Marchioness of Waterford, leather dressing-case with silver-gilt fittings; the Earl and Countess of Ilchester, painted lace fan; the Earl of Dalkeith. lace fanD; tnc Eiarl of Northbrook, act of enamelled trays; the Marchioness of Headfort, six fruit knives with malachite handles; the Earl of Ava, crystal seal with diamond-beaded snake entwined; Countess Spencer, pair of large Mintonvases; the MIarchioness ot Blandfora, a framed engraving; Louise, Duchess of Manchester, carriage-basket with clock, &c. the Countess of Minto, Louis XVI. clock; Earl and Coun tess of Wharneliffe, large copper jardiniere on iron stand; Earl and Countess Cowrper, Louis XV clock,; Lord Wolverton silver and copper card-case and memo-book; Lord and Lady Strathrnore. heart-shaped mirror in silver frame; Lord aBnd Lady P.oay, silver trinket tray on stand; Viscount Turnour, silver shell tray; Lady Claud AnSOn, silver tray; Lord and Lady Edmunud Fitzmaurice, pearl and diamond brooch; Viscountess Cranborne ann Lady Esther Gore, gold curb bracelet with crimson enamel heart; Lord and Lady Mount Stephen,. a sable travelling rug; Lady Edward S*vs;di'eA4d tars viacoant Valetort, diamond bracelet: l; dy Robert Cecil and Lady Anne Lambton, pair of gold and malachite links; the Ladies Churchill, silver-mounted heart-shaped tortoise-shell tray; Lady Suffolk, diamond and pearl brooch; Lord Frederick Hamilton, enamel miniature locket set with pearls; Lord Henry Scott, silver tea-caddy the Earl of Caraperdown, silver box; Lord Alington, three-fold screen; Dowager Baroness Ashburton and Mliss Digby, screen; Lord and Lady Roberts, Indian silver bowl; Lady Amnpthill,:gilt carriage clock; Baroness Leconfield, rosewood specimen table; Lord and Baroness Willoughby de Eresby, tortoiseshell and silver tea-caddy; Viscount and Viscountess Cross, hammered silver tray; Lady Abercromby, gold box with enamelled cross and pearl in centre; Lord Revelstoke Savres chin-: vase; Baroness Revelstoke, gold-mounted torto.iseshell paper knife; Lord Rowton, silver-gilt vase; Lady Wantage, Louis XV. clock; Viscount and Viscountess Newport, pair of agate trays; Lord and Lady Ernest Hamilton,two Crorwn Derby ink-pots and tua7; Earl and Countes5 oEf Morley, pair of silver-gilt mounted claret jugs; Lady Beatrice Fitzmaurice, chased silver teapot; Baroness Carrington, silver hot-milk jug-; archioness of Carmarthen, ostrich feather fan; Mrs. 3ontefiore, inlaid cabinet table vith marble top; Hon C Lambton, small silver dish; Mrs. Temple, sil-er bell; Mr Thomas Baring, gold necklace with onys Dendant set. in diamonds; 3r. John Baring, gold curb bracelet with moonstone heart surmonnted with rubies and diamonds; Hon. Miss Baring, diamond and enamel heart brooch; Mrs. Sackville West, gold ball hatpin set with diamonds. Mrs. Grace, silver inkstand and tray; Sir Tatton and Lady Sykes,massive silver-framed:mirror.; Sir Alerander Iackenzie, gold safety-pin brooch set with pearls and diamonds; Captain and Mrs. Cecil Cavendish, silver-mounted pin-cushion; Hon. Mrs Wyndharn, silver buckle Mrr and Lady Fanny hlarioribanks, piece of Indian plate; Mr. and hMrs. W. Grenfell, copper and brass standard lamp; General Brackenbury, large silver-mounted:scent bottle, Mr. and Lady Louise Loder, silver inkstand and tray; MIr. Cyril Flower, large Venetian glass bowl hlr. and Irs. Childers, Dresden china tdte-&-tetc tea service Lord Lansdowne's WViltshire tenants, diamond bracelet. The bridegroom's presents included --From the Duchess of Westminster, tortoiseshell blotting case inlaid with gold; the Marquis and Marchioness of Lansdowne, sl1ver salver; the Marquis of Blandford, silver-gilt card case; the Earl of Chesterfield, silver flask; Mr. R. Cavendish, Eervice of plate in walnut case; the Dowager Marchioness of Lansdowne, large diamond scarf-pin; the Dowrager Duchess of Abercorn, silver cofee pot; the Duke and Duchess of Leeds, gold and bloodstone seal,; the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, tortoiseshell and silver calendar frame Lady Frederick Cavendish, 24 volumes of George Eliot's works; the Countess of Bectivo, crystal and gold bos; the Marchioness of Salisbury, pair of tall silver salt cellars and spoons in case; Louise, Duchess of Manchester, silver milk jug; the Marquis of Granby, silver-mounted walking stick; Viscount 'Wolmer, silver-mounted hunting crop; Viscount and Viscountes6 Portman, half-a-dozen silver-gilt dessert spoons in a case; Earl of Arran, gold and nearl Albert chain; Lord and Lady Burton and Hon. ellie Bass, antique silver box; Baroness Taunton, pair of silver candlesticks; Lord Ampthill, massive silver-mounted inkstand; Lord and Lady Henry Bentinek, silver hot milk jug; Sir Thomas asd Baroness Brooke, pair of antique b-rass ornaments; Lord and Lady Herschell, silver-mounted blotter; Hon. W. and Mrs. Cavendish, silver-mounted hock jug; Sir H. and Lady Mleysey Thompson, silver-gilt match box and tray; Hon. A. Lyttelton, silver-mounted riding whip; Hon E. Cavendish, silver grenade cigar lighter; Lord Vernon, silver.tobacco box; Lord and Baroness Chesham, gold and enamel pencil-case Lord and Baroness Penrhyn, four silver salt cellars and spoons; Viscount and Viscountess Hampden, silver coffee-pot; the Earl and Countess of St. toermans, pair of vases; the Countess of Leicester, silver and tortoiseshell scimitar paper cutter; Sir George Baden Powell, silver-mounted ebony stick; Sir Henry James, set of pearl studs; Colonel J. C. Cavendish, silver inkstand; Viscount St. Cyres, silver-mounted walking-stick; Lord and Lady Belper, silver inkstand; Ron. J. Mansfield, silver match-box; Hon. F. Leveson-Gower, two engravings; Earl Spencer, silver sandwich box and flask in casel; Mr and Lady Harriet Cavendish, a silver-mounted driving whip.