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25 Dec is in December.
800 Coronation of Charlemgne as Holy Roman Emperor
800 Coronation of Charles "Younger" King Franks
1060 Ealdred Appointed Archbishop of York
1066 Coronation of William The Conqueror
1135 Coronation of King Stephen
1137 Coronation of Eleanor of Aquitaine as Queen Consort Franks
1285 Antony Bek Enthroned as Bishop of Durham
1406 John II King Castile Succeeds
1600 Baptism of Prince Charles
25 Dec is Christmas Day, the Feast of the Nativity, the birth of Jesus Christ.
Events on the 25th December
On 25th December 800 Charles "Younger" King Franks (age 28) was crowned King of the Franks.
On 25th December 800 Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor (age 58) was crowned Holy Roman Emperor at St Peter's Basilica by Pope Leo III.
On 25th December 961 Otto I King Germany I King Italy Holy Roman Emperor (age 49) was appointed I King Italy. Adelaide Welf Holy Roman Empress (age 30) by marriage Queen Consort Italy.
On 25th December 980 Otto "Red" II King Germany II Holy Roman Emperor II King Italy (age 25) was appointed II King Italy. Theophanu Unknown Holy Roman Empress by marriage Queen Consort Italy.
On 25th December 1046 Henry "Black Pious" Salian III Holy Roman Emperor (age 29) was crowned as III Holy Roman Emperor.
On 25th December 1060 Archbishop Ealdred was appointed Archbishop of York.
On 25th December 1066 King William "Conqueror" I of England (age 38) was crowned I King of England at Westminster Abbey [Map] by Archbishop Ealdred.
All About History Books
The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
Flowers of History. Before 25th December 1066. William, Duke of Normandy (age 38), proceeded to the city of London, was received with great exultation by both clergy and people, and was proclaimed king by universal acclamation, and on the day of the birth of our Lord he received the crown of the kingdom of England from Aeldred, archbishop of York. For he refused to accept the office of consecration from Stigand archbishop of Canterbury, although of ancient right that solemn office is known to belong to that see, because he had no legal right to occupy that pre-eminent dignity. Then, haying received homage and the oath of fealty, and hostages likewise, from the nobles, and being confirmed in his kingdom, be became the terror of all those who had aspired to the kingdom. And having arranged his affairs in the different cities and castles, and having placed his own servants in them, he sailed back to Normandy [Map] with the English hostages, and with inestimable treasures. And, when he put the hostages in prison, and committed them to the custody of safe keepers, he returned again to England, where he distributed with a liberal hand the estates and possessions of the Epglish among his Norman comrades who had helped him to subdue the country in the battle of Hastings; expelling all the legitimate owners successively, and becoming a tyrant rather than a king, he burdened the little that remained to them with the yoke of perpetual slavery. And when he saw himself now raised to such a lofty dignity, and confirmed in his proud kingdom, he became rapidly changed into another man; and, alas! alas! trampled under foot the nobles of the land, whom their hereditary blood had elevated from the times of old. And the nobles of the kingdom being indignant at this, fled, some of them to Malcolm, king of Scotland (age 35), others, preferring to end their unhappy lives rather than to endure a shameful slavery, sought the desert places and woods, and there living the life of wild beasts, and repenting of having made submission to the Normans, and being weighed down as to their inmost hearts with violent grief, though it was now too late, had recourse to the only hope left them, and prepared secret plots and intrigues. But the noble counts, the brothers Edwin and Morcar, and many other nobles, and many also of the bishops and clergy and many others, whom it would take too long to enumerate by name, when they saw that theirs was the weaker side, and as they disdained to become slaves, abandoned England altogether.
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Flowers of History. 25th December 1066. William (age 38) was consecrated king, and crowned on the day of the Nativity of our Lord, on the second day of the week, by Ealdred, archbishop of York, as I have said before, because Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, had been suspended by pope Alexander (age 56) as a schismatic. At that time there was a very powerful officer, Eadric, surnamed Silvaticus, the son of Aelfric, the son of Edric Streona; and the chatelains of Hereford, and Richard, the son of Scrob, frequently laid waste his territories, because he disdained to submit to the king, but, as often as they attacked him they lost a great number of their soldiers and men-at-arms. Therefore Edric invited Bleothwin and Biwathe, kings of Wales, to come to his assistance; and, about the day of The Assumption of the blessed Virgin, he laid waste the province of Hereford, as far as the bridge over the river Wye, and carried off a large booty.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 25th December 1100. In this year at Christmas held the King Henry (age 32) his court in Westminster, and at Easter in Winchester, Hampshire [Map]. And soon thereafter were the chief men in this land in a conspiracy against the king; partly from their own great infidelity, and also through the Earl Robert (age 49) of Normandy, who with hostility aspired to the invasion of this land.
On 25th December 1100 Baldwin I King Jerusalem (age 42) was crowned I King Jerusalem.
In December 1135 King Stephen I England (age 41) was crowned King of England by Archibishop of Canterbury William de Corbeil (age 65).
The date of his coronation described differently by many Chroniclers:
Florence of Worcester: "on the thirteenth of the calends of January" i.e. 20th December 1135.
Orderic Vitalis: "on the eighteenth of the calends of January" i.e. 15th December 1135; the editor provided a note suggesting this date is incorrect and the correct date is the 26th December 1135.
The Annals of Winchester: "on the 22nd day after the death of his uncle, on the 1st of January." We should note that if King Henry died on the 1st December this date would refer to the 22nd or 23rd of December.
Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History: "on the day of the proto-martyr St. Stephen" i.e. 26th December 1135.
Chronicle of Richard Baker: "and so upon St. Stephen's day, in Anno 1135" i.e. 26th December 1135.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: "on midwinter day" i.e. probably 20th or 21st of December but possibly the 25th.
Matthew Paris Chronica Majora: "on the Feast of Saint Stephen" i.e. 26th December 1135.
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On 25th December 1137 Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England (age 15) was crowned Queen Consort Franks.
Around 25th December 1175, Christmas, William de Braose 4th Baron Bramber (age 31) invited the local Welsh nobles to his Christmas court at Abergavenny Castle [Map] as an act of reconciliation. Seisyll ap Dyfnwal Gwent and his elder son Geoffrey Gwent were murdered. William de Braose 4th Baron Bramber and his men then rode to Seisyll's home. There his younger son Cadwalladr Gwent (age 7) was murdered and his wife captured.
Around 25th December 1192 King Richard "Lionheart" I of England (age 35) was captured near Vienna [Map] by Leopold V Duke of Austria (age 35) who blamed Richard for the death of his cousin Conrad of Montferrat. Further, Richard had offended Leopold by casting down his standard from the walls of Acre. Leopold imprisoned Richard at Dürnstein Castle [Map]. Leopold was excommunicated by Pope Celestine III for having imprisoned a crusader. He, Richard, had travelled from Aquileia [Map] which suggests he was taking an easterly route around the Alps rather than travelling westerly through Lombardy, or across the Alps, both of which would have been shorter.
On 25 or 26th December 1251 King Alexander III of Scotland (age 10) and Margaret Queen of Scotland (age 11) were married at York Minster [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. The couple remained in York until Jan 1252 after which they travelled to Edinburgh. She the daughter of King Henry III of England (age 44) and Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England (age 28). He the son of King Alexander II of Scotland and Marie Coucy (age 33). They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
On 25th December 1285 Bishop Antony Bek (age 40) was enthroned at Durham Cathedral [Map].
On 25th December 1322 James "The Just" II King Aragon (age 55) and Elisenda Montcada Queen Consort Aragon were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Aragon. He the son of Peter III King Aragon and Constance Hohenstaufen Queen Consort Aragon.
Froissart Book 1: 1307-1340. [25th December 1326] 21. As it had been agreed by the highest barons and the councils of the good towns, so it was done. The young King Edward was crowned with the royal crown in the palace at Westminster, near London — he who would later be so fortunate and glorious in arms. This took place in the year of grace 1326, on Christmas Day. He was then about sixteen years old, and he turned sixteen at the Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul (25th January). There, the noble knight Sir John of Hainault was greatly honored and served by all the princes, nobles, and commoners of the realm. He and all the companions who had remained with him were given great and very rich gifts. Afterward, he and his companions stayed on, enjoying great feasts and festivities held by the lords and ladies present, until the day of the Epiphany (Feast of the Three Kings), when he heard that the King of Bohemia, the Count of Hainault (his brother), and a great number of French lords were preparing to gather at Condé-sur-l'Escaut for a tournament that had been announced there.
21. Ensi que acordé fu par les plus haus barons et par les consaulz des bonnes villes, fu il fait. Et fu adonc couronnés de couronne royal, ens ou palais de Wesmoustier, dalés Londres, li jones rois Edowars, qui tant fu de puis ewireus et fortunés en armes. Ce fu l'an de grasce Nostre Signeur mil trois cens vingt et sis, le jour dou Noel. Et pooit avoir adonc environ seize ans; il les eut à le Conversion saint Pol. Et là fu très grandement servis et honnourés li gentilz chevaliers messires Jehans de Haynau de tous les princes et de tous les nobles et non nobles dou pays. Et là [lui] [] furent donnet grans joiaus et très rices, et à tous les compagnons qui demoret estoient dalés lui. Et demora de puis il et si compagnon, en grandes festes et en grans solas des signeurs et des dames qui là estoient, jusques au jour des Trois Rois que il oy dire que li rois de Behagne, li contes de Haynau, ses frères, et grant plenté de signeurs de France se ordonnoient, pour estre à Condet sour Escaut, à un tournoi qui là estoit criés.
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Chronicle of Robert de Avesbury. [25th December 1355] On the feast of Saint Andrew [30th November 1355], after the Parliament had concluded, the noble lord king began his journey toward Scotland and held the feast of Christmas at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. In the meantime, he caused a great army to be assembled, in preparation for a campaign toward the town of Berwick, which had been captured by the Scots.
In festo vero sancti Andreæ, parliamento completo, dominus nobilis rex iter suum arripuit versus Scociam, et tenuit festum Natalis Domini apud Novum Castrum super Tynam, et interim magnum fecit exercitum congregari ad proficiscendum ad vilam de Berwyk, captam per Scotos.
On 25th December 1406 Henry III King Castile (age 27) died. His son John (age 1) succeeded II King Castile.
On 25th December 1424 Margaret Stewart Dauphine of France was born to King James I of Scotland (age 30) and Joan Beaufort Queen Consort Scotland (age 20) at Perth [Map]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 25th December 1461 Christina Queen Consort Denmark Norway and Sweden was born to Ernest Elector Saxony (age 20) and Elisabeth Wittelsbach Electress of Saxony (age 18).
On 25th December 1483 King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 26) promised to marry Elizabeth York Queen Consort England (age 17) at a ceremony in Rennes Cathedral [Map].
Hall's Chronicle. 25th December 1537. The Kinges Majesty (age 46) kept his Christmas at Greenwich in his mourning apparel, and so was all the Court till the morrow after Candlemas day, and then he and all other changed.
The Life and Death of Llewelly Jewitt Chapter 7. In 1838, soon after he [Llewellynn Jewitt] had attained his majority, he went up to London, to join Fairholt in the work of illustrating the leading popular literature of the day, both by drawing and engraving, under the famous Stephen Sly, for Charles Knight and others. After a few months thus spent he found himself in a position to marry the truly charming young lady of his choice, Elizabeth Sage, whom he had left behind at Derby. His diligence in business was very great, and to save working time it was arranged that the wedding should take place in Derby on Christmas Day of that same year, 1838, and on that same day they started back from Derby, travelling all night — a bitterly cold night — to their London home.
On 25th December 1584 Margaret of Austria Queen Consort Spain was born to Charles Habsburg Spain II Archduke Austria (age 44) and Maria Anna Wittelsbach (age 33) at Graz. Coefficient of inbreeding 13.84%.
On 25th December 1600 Alexander Livingston 1st Earl Linlithgow was created 1st Earl Linlithgow on the occasion of the Baptism of Prince Charles.
Diary of Anne Clifford. Before 25th December 1603. Before Xmas my cousin Frances was sent for from Nonsuch to North Hall by reason that her Grace was to go from thence to be brought up with the Lady Harrington in the country. All this time we were merry at North Hall. My cousin Frances Bouchier (age 16) and my cousin Frances Russell and I did use to walk much in the garden and were great with one another. Now there was much talk of a masque which the Queen (age 29) had at Winchester and how all the ladies about the Court had gotten such ill names that it was grown a scandalous place, and the Queen herself was much fallen from her former greatness and reputation she had in the world.
Note 1. The Diary appears to pass at once from 1603 to 1616.
Diary of Anne Clifford. 25th December 1617. The 25th Christmas Day Mr [blank in MS.] preached in the Chapel and my Lord (age 28) and I dined below, there being great housekeeping all this Xmas at Dorset House.
On 25th December 1642 Isaac Newton was born to Isaac Newton and Hannah Ayscough posthumously at Woolsthorpe Manor [Map]. His father had died three months before Isaac was born.
John Evelyn's Diary. 25th December 1651. The King (age 21) and Duke (age 18) received the Sacrament first by themselves, the Lords Byron (age 52) and Wilmot (age 39) holding the long towel all along the altar.
John Evelyn's Diary. 25th December 1655. I went to London, where Dr. Wild preached the funeral sermon of Preaching, this being the last day; after which Cromwell's (age 56) proclamation was to take place, that none of the Church of England should dare either to preach, or administer Sacraments, teach schools, etc., on pain of imprisonment, or exile. So this was the most mournful day that in my life I had seen, or the Church of England herself, since the Reformation; to the great rejoicing of both Papist and Presbyter.54 So pathetic was his discourse, that it drew many tears from the auditory. Myself, wife (age 20), and some of our family, received the Communion, God make me thankful, who hath hitherto provided for us the food of our souls as well as bodies! The Lord Jesus pity our distressed Church, and bring back the captivity of Zion!
John Evelyn's Diary. 25th December 1657. I went to London with my wife (age 22), to celebrate Christmas-day, Mr. Gunning (age 43) preaching in Exeter chapel [Map], on Micah vii. 2. Sermon ended, as he was giving us the Holy Sacrament, the chapel was surrounded with soldiers, and all the communicants and assembly surprised and kept prisoners by them, some in the house, others carried away. It fell to my share to be confined to a room in the house, where yet I was permitted to dine with the master of it, the Countess of Dorset (age 35), Baroness Hatton (age 45), and some others of quality who invited me. In the afternoon, came Colonel Whalley, Goffe, and others, from Whitehall [Map], to examine us one by one; some they committed to the marshal [Map], some to prison. When I came before them, they took my name and abode, examined me why, contrary to the ordinance made, that none should any longer observe the superstitious time of the nativity (so esteemed by them), I durst offend, and particularly be at common prayers, which they told me was but the mass in English, and particularly pray for Charles Stuart (age 27); for which we had no Scripture. I told them we did not pray for Charles Stuart, but for all Christian kings, princes, and governors. They replied, in so doing we prayed for the king of Spain, too, who was their enemy and a Papist, with other frivolous and ensnaring questions, and much threatening; and, finding no color to detain me, they dismissed me with much pity of my ignorance. These were men of high flight and above ordinances, and spoke spiteful things of our Lord's nativity. As we went up to receive the Sacrament, the miscreants held their muskets against us, as if they would have shot us at the altar; but yet suffering us to finish the office of Communion, as perhaps not having instructions what to do, in case they found us in that action. So I got home late the next day; blessed be God!
John Evelyn's Diary. 25th December 1660. Preached at the Abbey [Map], Dr. Earle (age 59), Clerk of his Majesty's Closet, and my dear friend, now Dean of Westminster Abbey, on Luke II 13, 14, condoling the breach made in the public joy by the lamented death of the Princess (deceased).
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th December 1662. By and by down to the chappell again where Bishopp Morley (age 64) preached upon the song of the Angels, "Glory to God on high, on earth peace, and good will towards men". Methought he made but a poor sermon, but long, and reprehending the mistaken jollity of the Court for the true joy that shall and ought to be on these days, he particularized concerning their excess in plays and gaming, saying that he whose office it is to keep the gamesters in order and within bounds, serves but for a second rather in a duell, meaning the groom-porter. Upon which it was worth observing how far they are come from taking the reprehensions of a bishopp seriously, that they all laugh in the chappell when he reflected on their ill actions and courses. He did much press us to joy in these publique days of joy, and to hospitality. But one that stood by whispered in my ear that the Bishopp himself do not spend one groat to the poor himself. The sermon done, a good anthem followed, with vialls, and then the King (age 32) came down to receive the Sacrament.
All About History Books
The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 16th January 1665. To the office a while, then to supper and to bed. This afternoon Secretary Bennet (age 47) read to the Duke of Yorke (age 31) his letters, which say that Allen (age 53)1 has met with the Dutch Smyrna fleet at Cales2, and sunk one and taken three. How true or what these ships are time will show, but it is good newes and the newes of our ships being lost is doubted at dales and Malaga. God send it false!
Note 1. Among the State Papers is a letter from Captain Thomas Allin to Sir Richard Fanshaw (age 36), dated from "The Plymouth, Cadiz Bay", December 25th, 1664, in which he writes: "On the 19th attacked with his seven ships left, a Dutch fleet of fourteen, three of which were men-of- war; sunk two vessels and took two others, one a rich prize from Smyrna; the others retired much battered. Has also taken a Dutch prize laden with iron and planks, coming from Lisbon (Calendar, Domestic, 1664-65, p. 122).
Note 2. The old form of the name Cádiz.
On 25th December 1767 Isabel Hixon died. She was buried at St Wilfrid's Church, Kirkharle [Map].
Isabel Hixon: Around 1667 she was born.
On 25th December 1807 Brownlow Cust 1st Baron Brownlow (age 63) died. His son John (age 28) succeeded 2nd Baron Brownlow of Belton in Lincolnshire, 5th Baronet Cust of Stamford in Lincolnshire, and inherited Belton House [Map]. Monument in St Peter and St Paul Church, Belton [Map] sculpted by Richard "The Elder" Westmacott (age 60).
On 25th December 1809 Reverend Richard Kaye 6th Baronet (age 73) died. Baronet Kaye of Woodsome Hall in Yorkshire extinct.
On 25th December 1850 Thomas Francis Dicksee (age 31) and Eliza Bernard (age 24) were married at St James' Church, Piccadilly. His address given as 23 Howland Street, Fitzroy Square, hers as 4 Church Place.
Eliza Bernard: Around 1826 she was born to John Bernard. He, John, a Turner and Dishing Tackle Manufacturer according to her marriage certificate. In 1879 she died.
On 25th December 1962 All Saints' Church, Branston [Map] was damaged by fire. The Church was rehallowed on 17th March 1966.
Births on the 25th December
On 25th December 1281 Alice Lacy Countess Leicester, and Lancaster 5th Countess of Salisbury 5th Countess Lincoln was born to Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury (age 30) and Margaret Longespée 4th Countess of Salisbury and Lincoln at Denbigh Castle. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
On 25th December 1317 John Beaumont 2nd Baron Beaumont was born to Henry Beaumont Earl Buchan (age 38) and Alice Comyn Baroness Beaumont.
On 25th December 1321 William Zouche 2nd Baron Zouche Harringworth was born to Eudo Zouche (age 24).
On 25th December 1400 John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley was born to John Sutton 4th Baron Sutton (age 20) and Constance Blount Baroness Sutton Dudley (age 20) at Dudley Castle [Map]. He was baptised at Barton under Needlewood, Staffordshire.
All About History Books
The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
Available at Amazon as eBook or Paperback.
On 25th December 1424 Margaret Stewart Dauphine of France was born to King James I of Scotland (age 30) and Joan Beaufort Queen Consort Scotland (age 20) at Perth [Map]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 25th December 1461 Christina Queen Consort Denmark Norway and Sweden was born to Ernest Elector Saxony (age 20) and Elisabeth Wittelsbach Electress of Saxony (age 18).
On 25th December 1516 Richard Bertie Baron Willoughby was born to Thomas Bertie (age 36).
On 25th December 1584 Margaret of Austria Queen Consort Spain was born to Charles Habsburg Spain II Archduke Austria (age 44) and Maria Anna Wittelsbach (age 33) at Graz. Coefficient of inbreeding 13.84%.
On 25th December 1601 Ernest "The Pious" Saxe Gotha I Duke Saxe Gotha was born to Johann Wettin II Duke Saxe Weimar (age 31) and Dorothea Maria Anhalt at Altenburg.
On 25th December 1610 Charles Howard 3rd Earl Nottingham was born to Charles Howard 1st Earl Nottingham (age 74) and Margaret Stewart 1st Countess Nottingham (age 19).
On 25th December 1642 Isaac Newton was born to Isaac Newton and Hannah Ayscough posthumously at Woolsthorpe Manor [Map]. His father had died three months before Isaac was born.
On 25th December 1650 Philippe Carteret 2nd Baronet was born to Philippe Carteret 1st Baronet (age 30) and Anne Dumaresq Baroness Carteret (age 23) at St Ouen Jersey. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.37%.
On 25th December 1660 Charles Somerset Marquess Worcester was born to Henry Somerset 1st Duke Beaufort (age 31) and Mary Capell Duchess Beaufort (age 30).
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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 25th December 1667 Melusine Schulenburg 1st Duchess Munster 1st Duchess Kendal was born at Emden, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt.
On 25th December 1682 Charles Willoughby 14th Baron Willoughby of Parham was born to Francis Willoughby.
On 25th December 1688 Christopher Musgrave 5th Baronet was born to Philip Musgrave (age 27) and Mary Legge.
On 25th December 1699 William Hervey was born to John Hervey 1st Earl Bristol (age 34) and (age 23).
On 25th December 1707 Joseph Hoare 1st Baronet was born to Edward Hoare (age 30).
On 25th December 1717 George Augustus Eliott 1st Baron Heathfield was born to Gilbert Eliott 3rd Baronet (age 37).
On 25th December 1741 William Hesse-Kassel was born to Frederick Hesse-Kassel (age 21) and Mary Hanover (age 18). He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 25th December 1744 John Parnell 2nd Baronet was born to John Parnell 1st Baronet (age 24) and Anne Ward Lady Parnell.
On 25th December 1749 Thomas Dashwood was born to James Dashwood 2nd Baronet (age 36) and Elizabeth Spencer Lady Dashwood (age 33).
On 25th December 1750 Henry Lawson 6th Baronet was born to Henry Lawson 4th Baronet (age 38).
On 25th December 1751 Martha Venables-Vernon was born to George Venables-Vernon 1st Baron Vernon (age 42) and Martha Harcourt Baroness Vernon of Kinderton (age 36).
On 25th December 1753 George Rodney 2nd Baron Rodney was born to George Brydges Rodney 1st Baron Rodney (age 35) and Jane Compton (age 23).
All About History Books
The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 25th December 1753 Thomas Villiers 2nd Earl Clarendon was born to Thomas Villiers 1st Earl Clarendon (age 44) and Charlotte Capell Countess Clarendon.
On 25th December 1755 Isabella Rachel Seymour-Conway was born to Francis Seymour-Conway 1st Marquess Hertford (age 37) and Isabella Fitzroy Countess Hertford (age 29). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 25th December 1760 George Ashburnham 3rd Earl Ashburnham was born to John Ashburnham 2nd Earl Ashburnham (age 36) and Elizabeth Crowley Countess Ashburham.
On 25th December 1761 Francis North 4th Earl Guildford was born to Frederick North 2nd Earl Guildford (age 29) and Anne Speke Countess Guilford (age 21).
On 25th December 1767 Henry Lascelles 2nd Earl Harewood was born to Edward Lascelles 1st Earl Harewood (age 27) and Anne Chaloner Baroness Harewood (age 25) at Stapleton Darrington.
On 25th December 1781 William Howard was born to Frederick Howard 5th Earl Carlisle (age 33) and Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower Countess Carlisle.
On 25th December 1789 John Neville 3rd Earl Abergavenny was born to Henry Neville 2nd Earl Abergavenny (age 34) and Mary Robinson Countess Abergavenny (age 29).
On 25th December 1796 Charles George Perceval was born to Charles George Perceval 1st and 2nd Baron Arden (age 40) and Margaretta Elizabeth Wilson Baroness Arden (age 28).
On 25th December 1799 Edwin Lascelles was born to Henry Lascelles 2nd Earl Harewood (age 32) and Henrietta Sebright Countess Harewood.
On 25th December 1806 Christiana Bacon was born to John "The Younger" Bacon (age 29) and Susanna Sophia Taylor (age 24).
On 25th December 1808 George Thynne was born to Thomas Thynne 2nd Marquess of Bath (age 43) and Isabella Elizabeth Byng Marchioness Bath (age 35).
On 25th December 1830 Bishop John Gott was born to William Gott (age 33).
On 25th December 1834 Edward Cecil was born to Brownlow Cecil 2nd Marquess Exeter (age 39) and Frances Isabella Selina Poyntz Marchioness of Exeter (age 31).
On 25th December 1835 Henry Paget 4th Marquess Anglesey was born to Henry Paget 2nd Marquess Anglesey (age 38) and Henrietta Bagot Marchioness Anglesey.
On 25th December 1848 Edmund Antrobus 4th Baronet was born to Edmund Antrobus 3rd Baronet (age 30) and Marianne Georgiana Dashwood Lady Antrobus.
On 25th December 1849 Augusta Amelia Shirley Shirley was born to Washington Sewallis Shirley 9th Earl Ferrers (age 27) and Annabella Augusta Chichester Countess Ferrers.
On 25th December 1850 George Granville Campbell was born to George Douglas Campbell 8th Duke Argyll (age 27) and Elizabeth Georgiana Leveson-Gower Duchess Argyll.
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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 25th December 1854 Lieutenant-Colonel Gilbert Redvers Heathcote 8th Baronet was born to William Perceval Heathcote 6th Baronet (age 28).
On 25th December 1860 Frederick Arundell de la Pole 11th Baronet was born to William Edmund de la Pole 9th Baronet (age 44).
On 25th December 1870 Mary Kerr was born to Schomberg Henry Kerr Kerr 9th Marquess Lothian (age 37) and Victoria Alexandrina Montagu-Douglas-Scott Marchioness Lothian (age 26).
On 25th December 1877 Henry Joseph Lawson 3rd Baronet was born to John Lawson 2nd Baronet (age 48).
On 25th December 1890 Christian Arthur Wellesley 4th Earl Cowley was born to Henry Arthur Mornington Wellesley 3rd Earl Cowley (age 24) and Violet Neville Countess Cowley (age 24).
On 23rd December 1894 William Grosvenor 3rd Duke Westminster was born to Henry George Grosvenor (age 33) and Dora Mina Erskine-Wemyss (age 38). On 25th December 1894 his mother died from childbirth. He a great x 2 grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.
On 25th December 1901 Alice Christabel Montagu-Douglas-Scott Duchess Gloucester was born to John Scott 7th Duke Buccleuch 9th Duke Queensberry (age 37) and Margaret Alice "Molly" Bridgeman Duchess Buccleuch Duchess Queensbury (age 29).
On 25th December 1901 Vera Ruby Tyrwhitt 15th Baroness Berners was born to Major Rupert Tyrwhitt (age 42).
On 25th December 1905 Caryl Nicholas Hardinge 4th Viscount Hardinge was born to Henry Charles Hardinge 3rd Viscount Hardinge (age 48) and Mary Frances Neville Marchioness Abergavenny (age 36).
On 25th December 1908 Cynthia North was born to Frederick George North 8th Earl Guildford (age 32).
On 25th December 1916 Richard Edward Lygon was born to William Lygon 7th Earl Beauchamp (age 44) and Lettice Mary Elizabeth Grosvenor Countess Beauchamp (age 40).
On 25th December 1918 Valerie Mansfield Countess Macclesfield was born to Ralph Mansfield 4th Baron Sandhurst (age 26).
On 25th December 1928 John Roper-Curzon 20th Baron Teynham was born to Christopher John Roper-Curzon 19th Baron Teynham (age 32).
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 25th December 1936 Alexandra Windsor was born to Prince George Windsor 1st Duke Kent (age 34) and Princess Marina Glücksburg Duchess Kent (age 30). She a granddaughter of King George V of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.00%.
Marriages on the 25th December
On 25 or 26th December 1251 King Alexander III of Scotland (age 10) and Margaret Queen of Scotland (age 11) were married at York Minster [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. The couple remained in York until Jan 1252 after which they travelled to Edinburgh. She the daughter of King Henry III of England (age 44) and Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England (age 28). He the son of King Alexander II of Scotland and Marie Coucy (age 33). They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
On 25th December 1322 James "The Just" II King Aragon (age 55) and Elisenda Montcada Queen Consort Aragon were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Aragon. He the son of Peter III King Aragon and Constance Hohenstaufen Queen Consort Aragon.
On 25th December 1357 John Sutton 2nd Baron Sutton (age 18) and Katherine Stafford Baroness Sutton Dudley (age 9) were married. She by marriage Baroness Sutton of Dudley. She the daughter of Ralph Stafford 1st Earl Stafford (age 56) and Margaret Audley Countess Stafford. They were half third cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 25th December 1575 Archibald Douglas 8th Earl Angus 5th Earl Morton and Margaret Leslie Countess Angus and Morton (age 33) were married. She by marriage Countess Angus, Countess Morton. She the daughter of George Leslie 4th Earl Rothes. He the son of David Douglas 7th Earl Angus and Margaret Hamilton Countess Angus.
On 25th December 1577 Peregrine Bertie 13th Baron Willoughby (age 22) and Mary Vere Baroness Willoughby of Eresby were married. She the daughter of John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford and Margery Golding Countess of Oxford. He the son of Richard Bertie Baron Willoughby (age 61) and Catherine Willoughby Duchess Suffolk (age 58).
On 25th December 1632 Baptist Noel 3rd Viscount Campden (age 21) and Anne Feilding were married. She the daughter of William Feilding 1st Earl Denbigh (age 45) and Susan Villiers Countess Denbigh (age 49).
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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 25th December 1688 Edmund Bacon 4th Baronet (age 16) and Philippa Bacon Lady Bacon were married. She by marriage Lady Bacon of Mildenhall in Suffolk. They were third cousins.
On 25th December 1704 John Tynte 2nd Baronet (age 21) and Jane Kemeys Lady Tynte (age 19) were married at St Michael's Church, Clapton-in-Gordano. She by marriage Lady Tynte of Halswell in Somerset.
On 25th December 1744 Henry Brydges 2nd Duke Chandos (age 36) and Anne Wells Duchess Chandos were married at Keith's Chapel, Mayfair. She by marriage Duchess Chandos. Two versions of their meeting are related... He the son of James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos and Mary Lake.
Notes & Queries 1870 4th Series, Vol. 6, p.179: Lord Omery remarked, on 15th January 1745, "Of her person & character people speak variously, but all agree that both are very bad." He was speaking of Anne, Duchess of Chandos. She was the daughter of one John Wells of Newbury (& St. Marylebone) whose arms appear as azure, three fountains proper, on her hatchment at Keynsham Church. She was chambermaid at the Pelican Inn Newbury, and married to Jeffries the Ostler there. There is a story about the Duchess told by an old lady of Newbury, who was ten years old at the time. Henry Bridges, 2nd Duke of Chandos, while on his way to London, dined at the Pelican Inn in Newbury, with a companion (it has been claimed that the Inn was the Marlborough Castle, but this is incorrect). After dinner there was a stir and a bustle in the Inn Yard. The explanation came that "A man is going to sell his wife and they are leading her up the yard with a halter round her neck". "We will go and see the sale, " said the Duke. On entering the yard, however, he was so smitten with the woman's beauty and the patient way she waited to be set free from her ill‑conditioned husband, the Inn's ostler, that he bought her himself. She was his mistress for some years. In August 1738 his wife died, and by 1744 the ostler was dead also, and the two were finally married at Mr. Keith's Chapel, Mayfair on 25th December 1744.
The Gentleman's Magazine 1832. The Duke of Chandos, while staying at a small country inn, saw the ostler beating his wife in a most cruel manner; he interfered and literally bought her for half a crown. She was a young and pretty woman; the Duke had her educated; and on the husband's death he married her. On her death-bed, she had her whole household assembled, told them her history, and drew from it a touching moral of reliance on Providence; as from the most wretched situation, she had been suddenly raised to one of the greatest prosperity; she entreated their forgiveness if at any time she had given needless offence, and then dismissed them with gifts; dying almost in the very act.
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On 25th December 1850 Thomas Francis Dicksee (age 31) and Eliza Bernard (age 24) were married at St James' Church, Piccadilly. His address given as 23 Howland Street, Fitzroy Square, hers as 4 Church Place.
Eliza Bernard: Around 1826 she was born to John Bernard. He, John, a Turner and Dishing Tackle Manufacturer according to her marriage certificate. In 1879 she died.
On 25th December 1861 Debonnaire John Monson 8th Baron Monson (age 31) and Augusta Louisa Caroline Ellis Baroness Monson (age 19) were married.
Deaths on the 25th December
On 25th December 1345 Margaret Mortimer Baroness Burford (age 50) died at Burford, Shropshire [Map].
On 25th December 1386 Roger Scales 4th Baron Scales (age 32) died. His son Robert (age 14) succeeded 5th Baron Scales.
On 25th December 1406 Henry III King Castile (age 27) died. His son John (age 1) succeeded II King Castile.
On 25th December 1462 William Zouche 5th Baron Zouche Harringworth (age 60) died. His son William (age 30) succeeded 6th Baron Zouche Harringworth.
On 25th December 1475 Elizabeth Howard Countess of Oxford (age 65) died at Stratford.
On 25th December 1486 John Barry 9th Baron Barry (age 51) was killed by Donogh MacCartie, Lord of Ealla. His son Thomas succeeded 10th Baron Barry.
On 25th December 1495 David Lindsay 1st Duke Montrose (age 55) died. Duke Montrose had been granted for life only and was, therefore, extinct. His son John succeeded 6th Earl Crawford.
On 25th December 1505 George Grey 2nd Earl Kent (age 51) died. His son Richard (age 24) succeeded 3rd Earl Kent, 6th Baron Grey of Ruthyn. Elizabeth Hussey Countess Kent by marriage Countess Kent.
On 25th December 1558 Elizabeth Capell Marchioness Winchester died.
On 25th December 1594 Gregory Fiennes 10th Baron Dacre Gilsland (age 55) died. He was buried at Chelsea Old Church. His sister Margaret (age 53) succeeded 11th Baroness Dacre Gilsland, 11th Baroness Multon of Gilsland. Samson Lennard Baron Dacre Gilsland (age 50) by marriage Baron Dacre Gilsland.
On 25th December 1627 Vincenzo Gonzaga II Duke of Mantua (age 33) died.
On 25th December 1634 Lettice Knollys Countess Essex (age 91) died. She was buried at the Beauchamp Chapel, St Mary's Church, Warwick [Map] with her husband Robert Dudley 1st Earl of Leicester - see Monument [Map] and Inscription [Map].
All About History Books
The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 25th December 1676 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 84) died at Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire [Map]. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map]. His son Henry (age 46) succeeded 2nd Duke Newcastle upon Tyne, 2nd Earl Newcastle upon Tyne, 10th Baron Ogle.Frances Pierrepont Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 46) by marriage Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne.
On 25th December 1677 Alice Moore Countess Clanbrassil died.
On 25th December 1717 Robert Shirley 1st Earl Ferrers (age 67) died. His son Washington (age 40) succeeded 2nd Earl Ferrers, 8th Baronet Shirley of Staunton Harold in Leicestershire. Mary Levinge Countess Ferrers by marriage Countess Ferrers. His granddaughter Elizabeth (age 23) succeeded 15th Baroness Ferrers of Chartley.
On 25th December 1730 Henry Scott 1st Earl Deloraine (age 54) died. His son Francis (age 20) succeeded 2nd Earl Deloraine.
On 25th December 1732 William Paston 2nd Earl of Yarmouth (age 78) died. Earl of Yarmouth and Baronet Paston of Paston and Oxnead extinct.
On 25th December 1736 Louisa Carteret Viscountess Weymouth (age 24) died.
On 25th December 1749 John Lindsay 20th Earl of Crawford, 4th Earl Lindsay (age 47) died. His second cousin once removed George (age 26) succeeded 21st Earl Crawford, 5th Earl Lindsay.
On 25th December 1754 John Leveson-Gower 1st Earl Gower (age 60) died. His son Granville (age 33) succeeded 2nd Earl Gower, 3rd Baron Gower, 7th Baronet Gower of Stittenham in Yorkshire. Louisa Egerton Countess Gower (age 31) by marriage Countess Gower.
On 25th December 1771 Richard Butler 5th Baronet (age 72) died. His son Thomas succeeded 6th Baronet Butler of Cloughgrenan in County Carlow.
On 25th December 1781 Charles Cope 3rd Baronet (age 11) died. He was buried at Hanwell, Oxfordshire. His uncle Jonathan (age 23) succeeded 4th Baronet Cope of Bruern in Oxfordshire.
On 25th December 1794 Harry Powlett 6th Duke Bolton (age 74) died without male issue. Duke Bolton extinct. His third cousin once removed George (age 72) succeeded 12th Marquess Winchester, 12th Earl Wiltshire, 12th Baron St John. Martha Ingoldsby Marchioness Winchester by marriage Marchioness Winchester.
On 25th December 1795 John Butler 17th Earl Ormonde 11th Earl Ossory (age 55) died. His son Walter (age 25) succeeded 18th Earl Ormonde, 12th Earl Ossory.
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 25th December 1807 Brownlow Cust 1st Baron Brownlow (age 63) died. His son John (age 28) succeeded 2nd Baron Brownlow of Belton in Lincolnshire, 5th Baronet Cust of Stamford in Lincolnshire, and inherited Belton House [Map]. Monument in St Peter and St Paul Church, Belton [Map] sculpted by Richard "The Elder" Westmacott (age 60).
On 25th December 1809 Reverend Richard Kaye 6th Baronet (age 73) died. Baronet Kaye of Woodsome Hall in Yorkshire extinct.
On 25th December 1847 Mary Elizabeth Townshend Countess Romney (age 47) died.
On 25th December 1860 John Savile 3rd Earl Mexborough (age 77) died. His son John (age 50) succeeded 4th Earl Mexborough of Lifford in County Donegal.
On 25th December 1890 Archbishop William Thomson (age 71) died.
On 25th December 1894 Arthur Edwin Hill aka Hill-Trevor 1st Baron Trevor (age 75) died. His son Arthur (age 42) succeeded 2nd Baron Trevor of Brynkinalt in Denbighshire.
On 25th December 1899 Henry Lopes 1st Baron Ludlow (age 71) died. His son Henry (age 31) succeeded 2nd Baron Ludlow of Heywood in Wiltshire.
On 25th December 1899 Frances Elizabeth Anson Marchioness Hertford (age 89) died.
On 25th December 1917 Edgar Reginald Saunders 11th Baronet (age 63) died. His brother Guy (age 61) succeeded 12th Baronet Sebright of Besford in Worcestershire.
All About History Books
The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 25th December 1925 George St John Colthurst 6th Baronet (age 75) died. His son George (age 43) succeeded 7th Baronet Colthurst of Ardum in County Cork.
On 25th December 1926 Courtenay Robert Percy Vernon 3rd Baron Lyveden (age 68) died. His son Robert (age 34) succeeded 4th Baron Lyveden.
On 25th December 1951 John George Thorold 13th Baronet (age 81) died. His brother James (age 74) succeeded 14th Baronet Thorold of Marston in Lincolnshire.
On 25th December 1958 Verena Maud Lowther Viscountess Churchill Wychwood (age 93) died.
On 25th December 1970 John Evans 10th Baron Carbery (age 78) died without male issue.
On 25th December 1982 Charles Dutton 7th Baron Sherborne (age 71) died. His second cousin once removed Ralph (age 84) succeeded 8th Baron Sherborne and inherited Hinton Ampner House, Winchester.
On 25th December 1988 Edward Pelham-Clinton 10th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (age 68) died. Duke Newcastle under Lyme extinct. His ninth cousin twice removed Edward (age 75) succeeded 18th Earl Lincoln.
On 25th December 2012 Rachel Leila Brand 27th Baroness Dacre (age 83) died. Her son James (age 60) succeeded 28th Baron Dacre Gilsland, 27th Baron Multon of Gilsland.