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The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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08 Jun is in June.
1376 Death of the Black Prince
1467 Tournament Bastard of Burgundy
1532 Coronation of Anne Boleyn
On 19th April 626 Eanflæd Queen Consort Bernicia was born to King Edwin of Northumbria (age 40) and Æthelburh Oiscingas Queen Consort Northumbria (age 21). She was baptised on 8th June 626. She married 645 her half first cousin King Oswiu of Northumbria, son of Æthelfrith King Northumbrians and Acha Queen Consort Northumbria, and had issue.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy. Meanwhile his brother Alfred took with him soldiers of no small number and made for the port of Wissant, and crossing from there came to Canterbury. Then, advancing into the interior of the kingdom, he encountered Earl Godwin. The earl received him under his protection, but that same night played the part of the traitor Judas. For after giving him the kiss of peace and sharing food with him, in the middle of the night he had him bound with his hands behind his back, and sent him to King Harold in London along with several of his men. His soldiers he in part scattered throughout the regions of England, and who in part slew with dishonour. When Harold saw Alfred, he immediately ordered his companions to be beheaded, and Alfred himself to be taken to Ely and there deprived of his eyes1. Thus the most noble and excellent man Alfred perished, unjustly put to death. But Harold did not long survive; he died, and was succeeded by his brother Harthacnut, who came from Denmark, born of Emma, Edward's mother. After a short while, when he was securely established in the height of the kingdom, he recalled his [half] brother Edward [the Confessor] from Normandy and caused him to live with him. But he [Harthacnut (age 24)]2 himself, not lasting two full years, ended his life, and left Edward heir of the whole realm.
Interea frater ejus Aluredus milites non parvi numeri assumpsit, portumque Wisanti petiit et hac transfretans Doroberniam venit. Inde siquidem interiora penetrans regni, Goduinum comitem obvium habuit. Quem idem comes in sua fide suscepit, sed in illo sub eadem nocte traditoris Judæ vicem implevit. Nam libato pacis osculo et cum eo percepto cibo, medio intempesta noctis, manibus post tergum ligatis illum Heraldo regi apud Lundoniam cum suorum nonnullis destinavit. Milites autem suos partim per Anglorum regionem distraxit, partim cum dedecore peremit. Heraldus ut Aluredum vidit, statim ejus socios truncari capitibus jussit, et ipsum ad Hely duci, ibique oculis privari. Sic nobilissimus et optimus vir Aluredus occubuit, injuste peremptus. Heraldus vero non multo post superstes obiit mortem, cui successit frater ejus Hardechunutus a Dacia egressus, ex Emma Edwardi matre natus. Qui post paululum confirmatus in culmine regni, fratrem suum Edwardum a Northmannia revocavit, ac secum cohabitare fecit. Ipse autem non plenis duobus annis existens, exivit hominem, et Edwardum totius regni reliquit hæredem.
Note 1. Economium Emmae Reginae: "Since we have now briefly recounted the struggles of his soldiers, it remains that we should also narrate the martyrdom of their leader, the glorious Alfred; yet let us shorten our speech, lest perchance, if we were to describe in detail all that was done to him, we should multiply the sorrow of many, and most of all, of you, lady queen. Therefore I beg you, lady, do not ask to hear more than what, out of pity for your grief, we shall relate briefly. For much might be said, were we not sparing your sorrow; for truly there is no greater pain for a mother than to see, or even to hear of, the death of her most beloved son. The royal youth was therefore seized secretly in his lodging, and led away into the island called Ely, where he was first mocked by a most wicked soldier. Then were chosen men of yet baser sort, that by their cruelty the lamented youth might be condemned. And these judges decreed that, in contempt, his two eyes should be torn out. When they prepared to carry out the deed, two men were set upon his arms, to hold them, and one upon his breast, another upon his legs, that the punishment might thus be inflicted the more easily. Why do I linger amid such pain? My pen itself trembles as I write, for I shudder to recall what that most blessed youth endured. Let me therefore pass swiftly over the misery of so great a calamity, and touch but briefly upon the end of his martyrdom. For he was held fast by the impious, and, his eyes cruelly gouged out, was slain with utmost wickedness. When the murder was done, they left his lifeless body, which the faithful servants of Christ, the monks of that same island of Ely, took up and buried honourably. At the place of his burial many miracles occur, as some affirm, indeed, those who often say they themselves have seen them. And rightly so: for, being innocently martyred, it is fitting that through him the power of innocence should be exercised. Let therefore Queen Emma rejoice in so great an intercessor, for she who once had a son upon earth now has in heaven a patron."
Note 2. [King Harthacnut] died on 8th June 1042. Chronicon ex Chronicis by John of Worcester: "Hardicanute, king of England, while he was present at a joyous feast given at a place called Lambeth, Surrey, by Osgod Clapa, a man of great wealth, on occasion of his giving the hand of his daughter Githa in marriage to Tovi, named Prudan, a noble and powerful Dane, and carousing, full of health and merriment, with the bride and some others, fell down, by a sad mischance, while in the act of drinking, and continued speechless until Tuesday the sixth of the ides [the 8th] of June, when he expired. He was carried to Winchester and buried near his father Canute. His [half] brother Edward [the Confessor] was proclaimed king at London, chiefly by the exertions of earl Godwin, and Living, bishop of Worcester."
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On 8th June 1042 King Harthacnut of Denmark and England (age 24) died. His half brother Edward (age 39) succeeded King of England.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 8th June 1042. This year died King Hardacnute (age 24) at Lambeth, as he stood drinking: he fell suddenly to the earth with a tremendous struggle; but those who were nigh at hand took him up; and he spoke not a word afterwards, but expired on the sixth day before the ides of June. He was king over all England two years wanting ten nights; and he is buried in the old minster at Winchester with King Knute his father. And his mother for his soul gave to the new minster the head of St. Valentine the Martyr: and ere he was buried all people chose Edward (age 39) for king in London. And they received him as their king, as was natural; and he reigned as long as God granted him. All that year was the season very severe in many and various respects: both from the inclemency of the weather, and the loss of the fruits of the earth. More cattle died this year than any man ever remembered, either from various diseases, or from the severity of the weather. At this same time died Elfsinus, Abbot of Peterborough; and they chose Arnwy, a monk, for their abbot; because he was a very good and benevolent man.
Chronicon ex Chronicis by Florence and John of Worcester. 1042. Hardicanute (age 24), king of England, while he was present at a joyous feast given at a place called Lambeth, Surrey [Map], by Osgod Clapa, a man of great wealth, on occasion of his giving the hand of his daughter Githa in marriage to Tovi, surnamed Prudan, a noble and powerful Dane,—and carousing, full of health and merriment, with the bride and some others, fell down, by a sad mischance, while in the act of drinking, and continued speechless until Tuesday the sixth of the ides [the 8th] of June, when he expired. He was carried to Winchester and buried near his father Canute. His brother Edward (age 39) was proclaimed king at London, chiefly by the exertions of earl Godwin (age 41), and Living, bishop of Worcester. Edward was the son of Ethelred, who was the son of Edgar, who was the son of Edmund, who was the son of Edward the Elder, who was the son of Alfred.
On 8th June 1191 King Richard "Lionheart" I of England (age 33) landed at Acre [Map].
Chronicum Anglicanum by Ralph Coggeshall. [8th June 1191] When therefore King Richard heard that the army of the Lord at Acre was suffering from a great famine, so that a bushel of grain was being sold for sixty marks, he hastened to relieve so great a calamity, gathering from every side a supply of provisions out of the island of Cyprus which he had subdued. And so, with ships laden with a great abundance of food, he himself, with all his equipment and his army, made for Acre.
Audiens igitur rex Ricardus exercitum Domini apud Ptolomaidam maxima famis inedia laborare, ita ut sexa rius frumenti sexaginta marcis venundaretur, ex Cypro insula quam subegerat victualium copiam undique aggregans, tantæ calamitati succurrere festinavit. Onustis itaque alimentorum copia navibus, ipse cum universo apparatu et exercitu suo Ptolomaidam tendit.
Chronica Majora by Matthew Paris. 8th June 1236. In the same year, Peter de Rivaulx and Stephen Segrave (age 65), of whom we have made mention above, were received into favour by the king. In this year, too, on the eighth of June, the nobles of England assembled at Winchester in presence of the king, when the latter endeavoured, by a •warrant from the pope, to annul some grants which he had made to some of them before he had contracted his marriage, as though he was unable of himself, mthout the connivance of the pope, to whom, as he said, the giving of rights in the kingdom belonged. Many were astonished at this, and said that the king was endeavouring much more than became him, or was his duty, to place his kingdom in slavery, and to reduce it to its last extremity.
On 8th June 1376 Edward "Black Prince" (age 45) died of dysentery at Westminster Palace [Map]. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral [Map]. His son Richard (age 9) succeeded as heir to his grandfather King Edward III of England (age 63) who died a year later.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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Archaeologia Volume 22 Section XVI. A Chapter of the Princes death.s
About the same tyme upon the feaste of the Holy Trinnitie which happened the sixt ides of Junii, or the 8 day of Junii [1376], died the most invincible defender of the citie, Prince Edward of Woodstock, the first begotten sonne of Kynge Edward, after the conquest the third, whose noble mynd, as it was alwaies stronge agaynst hys enemyes in battel, so was it fortified agaynst deathe, for being ready to depart the world, he went not as one which should die but making his supplication to the most blessed Trinitie, as one which, after his pilgrimage should return to his contrey, from death to be translated to life, from servitude to glory. O holy Trinite (sayed he) blessed be thou for ever more, whose name upon earthe I have alwaies worshipped, whose honor I have studied to enlarge, in whose faith (although otherwise a wicked man & a synner) I have alwaies lyved, I hartely pray the that as I have magnified this thy feast upon earthe, and for thy honor have called the people together to celebrate the same feast with me, deliver thou me from this deathe, and vouchsafe to call me to that most delectable feast that is kept this day with the in heaven; whose prayers (as we may thynke) were heard of the Lord God, for the very same day about 3 of the clocke he departed this life. After the tyme he had begonne this preface he lay intending only to praiers, to almes deedes, and other worke of mercy; and not only did God gave him the tyme of repentance, but also for the space of five years & more continually was he visited with a great & incommodious dissease of his body; for all that tyme, commonly every month, he suffered the flux both of sede & of blud, which two infirmities made him many tymes so feeble, that his servante took him very often for dead; notwithstanding he bare all these thinges with such patience, that he never seemed to offer unto God one mutinous word. And before his death he dystributed large gyfts as well to hys housholde servantes as to others of what station or condicion soever, and he humbly requested the kynge hys father, that he wolde ratifie hys gyftes, and wolde cherishe & favour those his servantes and frendes, for that, sayed he, they have deserved to have many other thynges both of your gyfte and myne, and that he wolde suffer hys debtes spedely to be payed of hys own proper goodes, which thynge the kynge promysed agayne, and granted his third petition, that ys to say, that he wolde favor his ssone, and gyve hym hys councell & helpe. After this, callynge hys sonne unto hym (altho' but a little one) he commanded hym upon payne of hys curse he sholde never chaunge or taike away the gyftes that he att hys deathe gave unto hys servantes. Yt chaunced in the same houre, that the forenamed Syr Rychard Stery came to see hym, for the prince had commanded that hys doore sholde be shutt to none, nor to the leaste boy [page], wherfor the sayed Rychard entered more boldly. The prince now prostrate, and in the panges of deathe, liftynge upp hys eyes as well as he myght, seynge that sayme Rychard, he sayed, come hither Rychard, come near & beholde that which thou haste long desyred to see; & when he affirmed wyth an othe that he never desyred the syght of hys deathe, yt ys otherwise, sayed he, thou wast afeared of thy owne skynne, thy conscyence tellynge thee that in tyme to come I wolde not suffer thy excesses [outrages], or the evil counsell thou suggested to the kynge, unpunished; and truly so it wolde have chaunced, yf God had granted me lyfe, and thou wolde have found that to have been true evil councell ys worste to the councellor; but now I goe whither God calls me, whom I humbly beseache (yf thou escape the hands of men) that he wyll make an ende of thy evill deedes. And when he wepte & prayed hym of pardon, God that ys juste, sayed he, rewarde the accordynge to thy deserts; I will not thou trouble me any longer; depart forthe of my syghte, not here after to see my face agayne. After hys departure he began vehemently to faynt and so to loose hys streangth, that scarce any breathe remained in hym, which the Bishopp of Bangor,t whoe then was present, percevynge, he came unto hym & sayed, now, without doubt, deathe is at hande, and he ys to goe whither God hath appoynted, therefor I councell you, my lorde, now to forgive all those that have offended you, and for that yt ys manyfest that you have offended both God and many men, therfor, fyrste, aske God forgeveness; and secondly, all men whom of sett purpose or ignorantly you have willingly offended. To whom he answeared, I will; and the bishopp sayed yt suffyceth not to say only I will, but when you have powre, declarynge the same by wordes, you ought to aske pardon; but he answeared nothynge els, but only "I will;" and when he had oftentymes done thys, the bishopp sayed, I suppose some evil sprytes to be here present that let thys tongue, whereby he cannot expresse hys mynde with wordes, &, takynge the sprincle, he caste holy water by the four corners of the chamber where he lay, and beholde, sodenly the prynce with joyned handes and eyes lifted up to heaven, sayed, I gyve the thankes, O God, for all thy benefyts, and with all the paienes of my soule I humbly beseache thy mercye to gyve me remission of those synnes which I have wickedly comytted agaynst the, & of all mortall men, whom willingly or ignorantly I have offended, with all my harte I desyre forgevenes. When he had spoken these wordes [in the full catholicke faith] he gave upp the goste to goe, as we beleave, to hys bankett, whose feaste he then worshipped in earthe, whoe departynge, all hoope of Englishe men departed, for he beynge present they feared not the incursions of any enemys, nor the forcesible meetynge in baittayle, he beynge present they never suffered any rebuke for that they had done evil or forsaiken the field, & as yt ys sayed of Alexander the Greate, he never went agynste any countrye which he wone not, he never beseiged any citye which he tooke not. Thys doth testyfye the battayle att Cressy, the siege of Cales, the battayle of Poyters, where the Kynge of France was taken, the battaile of Spayne, where Henry Bastarde, the invader [usurper] of that kyngdome was dryven away, & Don Peter, the right kynge of that realme, restored to hys dominion, & lastly, that greatest siege of the cytye of Leovicense,u where, although with the multitude so pressed that he was scarce able to sytt on hys horse, yet at that houre he so encouraged hys souldyers, that they supposed yt unpossible for any cytye to resyste there force. His body was brought to Canterbury to be buryed accordynge as in his lyfe he had commanded. O untymely deathe that causest sorrow in the whoole realme of England, in that thou taikest away hym that seemed to be the ayde and helpe of Englishe men. O how sorrowfull leavest. thou the oulde kynge hys father, taikynge from hym not onely his desire, but the delyte of the whoole people, that ys to say, in taikynge from hym hys fyrste begotten soñe that sholde sytt in hys throne after hym, & sholde judge the people in equitye. O how greate & what sorrowes gyvest thou to the countrye that in hys absence beleavethe her selffe to be voyde of a protectoure. What synckes of sorrow gevest thou to citizens, depryved of such a prince; what tryumphynge joyes to enemies, the feare of such a defender being taken away. Truly, unless God (who defended hym in battayle & hath now taiken hym from thys worlde, perchaunce that we sholde putt our truste more confidently in God) holde, under hys blessed hande, least the miserable Englishmen be trodden down yt ys to [be] feared that our enemies who compasse us on every syde will rage uppon us even unto our utter destruction, & will taike our place & country. Arise, Lorde, helpe us, & defende us for thy names sake.
Note s. Hearne, in a long note on the anonymous history of Edward the Third, printed in the second volume of his edition of Hemingford, p. 444, has referred to a MS. chirurgical work, then in the possession of Dr. Mead, written by John Ardern in the year of the prince's death, of which it contained some notices. Of Ardern and his works an account will be found in Tanner's Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, p. 47.
Note t. The Bishop of Bangor, again noticed in a subsequent chapter, was John Swafham, who, according to Bishop Godwin, had been nominated to his see by Pope Gregory propter crebra cum Wiclevistis certamina." ["because of frequent disputes with the Wycliffites"] De Præsul. Angl. p. 623, edit. 1722.
Note u. Limoges.
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Archaeologia Volume 22 Section XVI. What the Duke dyd after the Prince's death.
[After 8th June 1376] Prynce Edwarde beynge deade as we have sayed while the Parlement yett endured, the desperate knyghtes of the countyes began to be hautye & proud, & in the meane tyme the Duke with hys malefactours comynge in amongst the knyghtes with an oration earnestly desyred them, that yett whyle the Parlement endured wherein the matters of the realme were handled, the knyghtes, associated with the Lordes & Barons, wolde delyberate whoe after the deathe of the king & the prynce's sonne oughte to inherite the realme of Englande; furthermore he requested that after the example of France they wolde maike a law that no woman sholde be heire of the kyngdome, for he consydered the old age of the kynge, whom deathe expected in the gates, & the youthe of the prynce's sonne whom, (as yt was sayed) he purposed to poyson yf he colde no otherwayse come by the kyngedome; for if these tow were taiken away & such a law established in the generall parlement he was to be the next heire of the realme; for there was no heire maile in the realme nearer than he; but then yt was in every man's mouth, that Edmunde Mortimer (age 24) Earle of March had maryed the Lorde Lovellex hys brother's daughter [Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster (age 20)], whoe was elder than he, to whom by righte of hys wyfe the inheritance of this realme perteined; yf the only sonne of the prynce sholde depart without an heire, whom the Duke greatly feared, knowynge hym to be a good & juste man, & therfor he laboured all that he colde, that the inheritance of this realme sholde not come to hym. Havynge begune therfor [to] consulte together, yt was answeared hym to be neadles to labour about such thynges, seying that they had other greate & weightier matters in there handes, that had neade to be largely handeled, & especially (sayed they) for that the kynge ys yett sounde & in healthe, & for hys age may lyve longer than any of us, but be yt granted the kynge sholde depart yet we want not an heire; the prynce's sonne (now ten years olde) lyves and is now lyvyng there ys no neade to labour about such matters. With these wordes the Duke confounded herewith departed.
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On 8th June 1405 before a great crowd at York [Map]..
Archbishop Richard Scrope (age 55) was beheaded.
Thomas Mowbray 4th Earl Norfolk 2nd Earl Nottingham (age 19) was beheaded. His brother John (age 13) succeeded 5th Earl Norfolk, 3rd Earl Nottingham, 8th Baron Mowbray, 9th Baron Segrave.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 8th June 1405. Alle so the same year Syr Richard Schroppe, Archebyschoppe of Yorke (age 55), and the Lord Mowbray (age 19), were be-heddyd at Yorke.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 7th June 1450. And yn the fowarde, as they wolde have folowyde the captayne, was slayn Syr Umfray Stafforde (age 50) and Wylliam Stafford (age 30), squyer, one the mannylste man of alle this realme of Engelonde, whythe many moo othyr of mene personys at Sevenocke [Map], in Kentt, in her oute ragyng fro her oste of our sovereign lordys the kyng, Harry the vj te. And the kyng (age 28) loggyd that nyght at Grenewyche [Map], and son aftyr every lord whythe his retynewe rood home in to her contraye. [Note. The date sometimes given as the 8th June 1450 and 18th June 1850]
On 8th June 1467 King Edward IV of England (age 25) and John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl of Worcester (age 40) went to Whitehall Palace [Map] to retrieve the Great Seal from Archbishop George Neville (age 35). Considered as a slight against the Neville family to whom King Edward IV of England was increasingly distant.
On 8th June 1476 Archbishop George Neville (age 44) died.
On 8th June 1492 Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England (age 55) died at Bermondsey Abbey [Map]. She was buried in the Chantry Chapel next to the Altar, St George's Chapel [Map] with her husband King Edward IV of England.
Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 8th June 1492. The Queenes (age 26) mother (age 55)l deceased, and the Lowersm set upon Guylde Hall [Map].
Note l. Elizabeth Woodville, widow of Edward IV.
Note m. Towers.
The Noble Triumphant Coronacyon of Quene Anne. 8th June 1532. Also the sonday after Whytsonday beyng trynyte sonday and the eighth daye of June was made at Grenewyche these knyghtes followynge.
Sir Johan Dawne
Sir Richarde Haughton.
Sir Thomas Langton.
Sir Edwarde Bowton.
Sir Henry Capell.
Sir Christofer Cowen.
Sir Geffray Mydelton.
Sir Hugh Treuyneon.
Sir George West.
Sir Clement Herleston.
Sir Humfrey Feryes.
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Letters and Papers. 8th June 1536. Statute Roll. 1087. Parliament.
Begun at Westminster 8 June 28 Henry VIII., Acts concerning:—
1. The attainder of Thomas Fitzgerald and his five uncles [c. 18].
2. Assurance of the manor of Southwark to the King [c. 19].
3. Jointure of Dame Grace, wife of Sir Henry Parker, son and heir to Henry lord Morley [c. 20].
4. Exchange between the King and the prior of St. Johns [c. 21].
5. Lands belonging to the earldom of Warwick [c. 22].
6. Pension to Robert Shurborn late Bishop of Chichester [c. 23].
7. Attainder of lord Thomas Howard [c. 24].
8. Assurance of lands to Viscount Beauchamp (age 36) [c. 25].
9. Assurance of lands in Kew to Viscount Beauchamp and lady Anne (age 39) his wife [c. 26].
10. Church of Elsingspittle to be the parish church of St. Alphes, Cripplegate [c. 27].
11. Moiety of Ricard's Castle assured to John Onley [c. 28].
12. Exchange with the Abbot of Westminster for Covent Garden [c. 29].
13. Purchase of Stanton Barry from Thomas Pope [c. 30].
14. Enlargement of St. Margaret's churchyard, Southwark [c. 31].
15. Lands at Westminster conveyed to the King by the churchwardens of St. Martin's and St. Margaret's [c. 32].
16. Durham Place conveyed to the King by exchange [c. 33].
17. Baynard's Castle assured to the Duke of Richmond (age 16) [c. 34].
18. Exchange with lord Sandes [c. 35].
19. Award between Sir Adrian Fortescue and Sir Walter Stoner [c. 36].
20. Jointure of Dorothy, daughter to the Earl of Huntingdon, to be married to Richard Devereux, son of lord Ferrers [c. 37].
20a. Assurance of Paris Garden, &c. to the Queen [c. 38].
21. Earldom of March [c. 39].
22. Lands assured to Edward North [c. 40].
23. Manor of Birmingham assured to the King [c. 41].
24. Exchange with the Abbot of Abingdon [c. 42].
25. Lands assured to Thomas Jermyn [c. 43].
26. Manor of Haselyngfeld assured to the Charter House [c. 44].
27. The Queen's (age 27) jointure [c. 45].
28. Lands assured to Thomas Hatclyff, clerk of the Green Cloth [c. 46].
29. Lands assured to John Gostwyke [c. 47].
30. Concerning a marriage to be had between Lord Bulbeke (age 20), son and heir apparent to the Earl of Oxford (age 65), and Dorothy, eldest daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland (age 38) [c. 48].
31. Exchange of Covent Garden with the abbot and convent of Westmoreland [c. 49].
32. Exchange between the King, the archbishop of Canterbury, and Cromwell (Wimbledon, Mortlake, &c.) [c. 50].
33. Jointure of Catharine Duchess of Suffolk (age 17) [c. 51].
34. Lands of Lord Rochford (deceased), Norris (deceased), and others [c. 52].
35. Benefit of clergy restricted [c. 1].
36. Against servants embezzling [c. 2].
37. Power to allot townships in Wales [c. 3].
38. Repeal of statute for dowlas and lokerams [c. 4].
39. For prentices [c. 5].
40. For continuing the Statute of Beggars and other Acts [c. 6].
41. The Succession [c. 7].
42. For continuing statutes against exportation of copper, &c. [c. 8].
43. For continuing statutes against perjury and others [c. 9].
44. For extinguishing the authority of the Bishop of Rome [c. 10].
45. For restitution of first-fruits during vacancies to next incumbent [c. 11].
46. Declaring the limits of the King's palace of Westminster [c. 12].
47. Against non-residence of spiritual persons [c. 13].
48. Prices of wines [c. 14].
49. Punishment of pirates [c. 15].
50. Dispensations from Rome [c. 16].
51. The King's successors when 24 years of age to have power to annul Acts of Parliament made during their minority [c. 51].
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Letters and Papers. 8th June 1536. Otho. C. x. 280. B. M. Hearne's Sylloge. 149. 1083. Princess Mary (age 20) to [Henry VIII.]
Begs his daily blessing. Though she understands, to her inestimable comfort, that he has forgiven all her offences and withdrawn his displeasure long time conceived against her, her joy will not be full till she is allowed to come to his presence. Begs pardon for her continual suit and rude writing, for nature will suffer her to do no otherwise. Hopes God will preserve him and the Queen (age 27), and send them a prince. Hownsdon [Map], 8 June.
Hol. Mutilated.
Letters and Papers. 8th June 1536. Poli Epist., 455. 1093. Pole to Card. Contarini.
The person whom he sent with his book to the King has returned with letters from the King to the effect that he is not displeased with what Pole has written, but as their opinions differ in many points, or rather, in everything, he desires him to return, that he may communicate with him. Cromwell writes, urging him to do so as soon as possible. Answers to this by a plain refusal, unless the King first returns to the Church. What was said about the favour in which Tunstal and "Balsoriensis Episcopus" were with the King is not true. Cromwell is the sole governor. Some good things are said about the new bride (age 27). Despairs of England. Expects to hear again from England as soon as the King knows he will not return. Venice, 8 June.
Lat.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 8th June 1547 James Stewart of Beath (age 41) was murdered at Dunblane, Perth.
Diary of Edward VI. 8th June 1550. It was agreed that the tow hundred that were with me, and 200 with mr. Herbert (age 49), shiild be sent iato Irland. Also that the mint1 shuld be set awork that it might wine2 24,000 pounds a yeare, and so beare all my chargis and3 Irland for this yere, and tene thousand poiuids to my cofers.
Note 1. "June xxvij. Upon divers good consideracions it was agreed that the Kinges majestie shulde erect a mynte in Irelande, and that Lexe and Ofale, being the cuntreys late Oconor's and Omore's (see before, p. 221), shulde be lett out to the King's subjects at convenient rents, to the intent it may both be inhabited, and also a more streingth for the Kinges majestie."
"July viij. Forasmuch as the King's majesties continuall chardges in Irelande did drawe the coyne of the reahne awaie, considering moreover that without erecting a mynte there those chardges might ill be borne, it was not only agreed that the mynte shulde be sett up againe, but also that it shulde be lett out to ferme for xij moneths at these condicions following:
"First. That the King's majestie shulde be at no manner of charge, great nor small.
"Item. That the King's highness shall have xiijs iiijd cleere of every pound wieght that shall be coyned.
"Item. That they shall coyne no manner of bullion, either of this realms or of Ireland, but to provide it in other cuntreys.
"Item. That they shall advance at the least by this meane the summe of xxuijMl li. to the King's majestie within these xij moneths.
"Item. That the King shall. appoinct a master of the sales and a comptroller, to be paid at the fermors' chardges."
Note 2. i.e. win, so much profit; not "coin," as printed by Burnet.
Note 3. So the MS., but probably an error for "in."
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Diary of Edward VI. 8th June 1550. Also the vicedam (age 28)1 made a great souper to the duke of Somerset (age 50) and the marquis of Northampton (age 38), with divers masques and other conceites.
Note 1. The vidame of Chartres seems to have signalised himself among the French visitors by his hospitality. On the 4th of June the council sent "a letter to the customers of London to suffer the visdame to take and lande xliij tonnes of Gascon wine for his own provision without oustome-paying." Again on the 7th Jan. 1550-1, xxv or xxvj tonne.
Memorials of the Montgomeries Volume 2. Contract of Marriage between Hugh third Earl of Eglintoun (age 31), and Dame Agnes Drummond (age 39), sister (uterine) of George fourth Earl of Huntlie (age 48), 8th June 1562.
At Innerpreffre, the aucht day of Junii, the zere of God IM Ve threscoir tua zeris: It is appunctuat, finally concordit and contrackit betuix ane nobill and mychty lord, George Erie of Huntlie, Dame Mergret Stewart, Lady Gordoun, and Dame Agnes Drummond, Lady Lowdoun, sister to the said Erie and dochtir to the said Dame Mergret, on that ane part, and ane nobil and potent lord, Hew Erie of Eglintoun and Lord Muntgumry, vpoun that wther part, in maner folloving; that is to say, the said Hew Erie of Eglintoun sail, Godwilling, mary and tak to his wyfe solempnatlie, in face of halie kirk lauchfullie, the said Dame Agnes, betuix and the Natanite of Sanct Johnne callit Mydsomer nixtocum: For the quhilk manage to be compleitit as said is, the said George Erie of Huntlie, Dame Mergrat Stewart, Lady Gt)rdoun, and the said Dame Agnes, bindis and oblisis thame, thair airis, executouris and assignais, coniunctlie and seueralie, to content, deliuer and pay to the said Hew Erie of Eglinton, his airis, executouris, or assignais, the sovme of sax thousand merkis Tsuale money of this realme, in name of tochir. . And als the said Dame Agnes sail releif wyth her leving the said Hew Erie of Eglintoun of the sovme of sax hundreth merkis money to be payit to Dame Jehane Hammyltoun, dochtir to my Lord Duik, ay and quhill the payment of the sovme abone writing to be payit to the said Hew, Erie, in maner as said is: And howbeit thare be na impedimentis of consanguinite or affinitie knawin presentlie betuix the saidis parteis, bot that thai may compleit the said band of matrimony lauchfullie as said is; and giff thair salhappin heireftir ony impedimentis of consanguinite or affinite in tyme cummyng to be knavin betuix the said parteis, quhairby thai may nocht remane in lauchfull matrimony; than and in that cace the said Hew, Erie forsaid, bindis and oblisis him and his forsaidis, to bring hame fra the court of Rome sufficient dispensationis contenand confirmatioun, or to obtene the sammyn at ony handis haueand power thairof, to dispens with sic impedimentis that salhappin to be knavin or proponit, vpoun the said Hew Erlis expensis: And gif it salhappin the said Hew, Erie forsaid (as God forbeid), to move ony cans of diuorce aganis the said Dame Agnes in ony tyme to cum, than and in that cace the said Hew Erie bindis and oblisis him and his airis, to refund, content and pay to the said Dame Agnes, the sovme aboun writing, or at the leist samekle thairof as beis ressauit be him fra the said Dame Agnes; and by the said sovme, the said Dame Agnes sail bruik all landis in the quhilkis scho beis infeft in be the said Hew, Erie forsaid, induring hir lyftyme: And siclyk, gif it salhappin the said Dame Agnes to move ony cans of diuorce aganis the said Hew Erie in ony tyme to cum, than and in that cace the said Dame Agnes, now as than and than as now, renuncis and ourgevis all and sindry landis pertenyng to the said Hew Erie, in the quhilkis scho happinnis to be infeft in, with all rycht, titill of rycht and clame scho may haue to the samyn, and exoneris quytclamis and dischargis the said Hew, Erie forsaid, of all sowmes of money, guidis and geir, quhilkis scho may ask or craif fra the said Erie, gevin to him for the completing of the said mariagc: And for sure payment of foure thousand merkis money of the said sax thousand merkis money, Robert Craufurd of Clolyane ar becumin cautionaris and souerteis, comunctly and scueraly, with the saidis George Erie of Huntle, Dame Mergret and Dame Agnes, to be payit at the tennis forsaid. .... And for fulfilling, keping and observing of all and sindry thir premisis, the saidis parteis and cautionar ar content that this present contract be insert and registrat in the buikis of our souerane Ladvis counsall, and the Lordis decreit and authorite thairintill to be interponit .... In vitnes of the quhilk thing the saidis parteis and cautionar forsaid hes subscrivit this present oontraot with thair handis, day, zere and place forsaid, befoir thir vitnes, honorable men, Maister James Gordoun, Chancellar of Murray, Mathow Campbell of Lowdoun, knycht, schiref of Air, James Cheishohne of Cnimleikis, Williame Maister of Eglintoun, Johne Stewart of Bowhous, and Maister Robert Herbertsoun, vicair of Abruthtwen.
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On 8th June 1587 the English fleet commanded by Francis Drake (age 47) sighted a Portuguese carrack, the São Filipe, twenty leagues from the Island of São Miguel, returning from the Indies laden with treasure. After a brief exchange of fire it was captured, the first ship to be so on the return run from the Indies. Its enormous fortune of gold, spices, and silk was valued at £108,000 (of which 10% was to go to Francis Drake); the fleet returned to England, arriving on 06 July 1587. The expedition led by Francis Drake was a resounding military success: over one hundred Spanish vessels of different tonnages were destroyed or captured during the expedition. Economic and material losses caused to the Spanish fleet by the English attack ensured that Spanish plans for the invasion of England had to be postponed for over a year. It was not until August 1588 that the Armada was ready to leave for the British Isles.
On 8th June 1606 Edward Clere (age 69) died. Chest tomb in St Andrew's Church, Blickling [Map].
Letters of John Chamberlain Volume 2.243. 243. To Sir Dudley Carleton (age 43). [S. P. Dom., Jac. I, lxxxvii, 51.] London, June 8, 1616.
My very goode Lord: When I wrote last I left the earle of Somerset (age 29) pleading for his life, but that he saide for himself was so litle that he was found guilty by all his peeres: which did so litle appall him that when he was asked what he could say why sentence shold not be pronounced, he stoode still upon his innocence, and could hardly be brought to refer himself to the Kinges mercie: upon which termes he stands still, and having leave to write to the King, hath only required that his judgement of hanging shold be chaunged to heading, and that his daughter might have such of his lands as the King doth not resume and reserve in his owne handes. The Lady Knolles (age 33) and some other frends have had accesse to the Lady (age 26) divers times since her conviction, and caried her younge daughter to her twise or thrise; but I heare not of any that comes at him. He hath ben much urged and fayre offered to confesse the offence both before his arraignment and since, but he stands firme in denial: though by all circumstances and most pregnant, (yea almost infallible) probabilities he be more faulty and fowle then any of the companie, which makes the King marvayle that all the rest that have gon before having so franckly confessed the matter after theyre condemnation, he only shold continue so confident. Whether this or any other reason be the cause of stay of execution I know not, but they live yet and for ought I can learne so are like to do many a day. Sir Thomas Mounsons (age 51) arraignment which shold have ben yesterday, was then put of again till the Tewsday after the terme, which procrastination from time to time makes the world thincke we shall heare no more of this busines, the rather for that the Lord Cooke (age 64) of late is fallen (I know not how) into disfavor, so far foorth that the King hath ben very bitter to him, both in privat and publike, as upon Thursday last when all the Judges were called before the King at Whitehall, to geve a reason of theyre proceeding in the exchecquer chamber to argue a case of commendams contrarie to his commaundment by expresse message, and sending a letter subscribed by them all, not so respectively and reverently written as might become them, they all stoode upon the very words and termes of law and statutes and upon the strictnes of theyre oath: but the heaviest burthen lighted on him, wherin he behaved and caried himself so well and confidently, that the matter goes on, and they argue yt again this day, contrarie to the expectation and hope of all the bishops. But the worst is that the Lord Chauncellor (age 76), the atturny (age 55) and sollicitor (age 49) prosecute him implacablie, and have won so much ground upon him, that there is a commission graunted to the Lord Archbishop, the Lord Knollis (age 72), Sir Thomas Lake (age 48) and Sir Fulke Grivell to call him before them and examine him upon articles and points touching the premunire: and withall, the whole course of his life is like to be ript up and looked into which yf yt be severely followed many men feare yt may be his utter overthrow. But he holdes up his head, and geves no way, which makes his frends thincke he will passe over this storme and tempest well enough. Our goode frend (age 53) stands only firme to him in what he may, which many marvayle at, and sticke not to say he is corrupted, which I thincke is as far from the one as the other: but howsoever, I could wish he shold not presume so much on the strength of his shoulders, as to thincke he alone were able to beare up the ruines of a building that is falling: and to say truth in many such cases I observe he hath more courage then needs, not weighing his owne strength, nor that yt is soma d'altri homeri [the burden of other men], for I perceve he hath litle appoggio [support, baking] to the maine piller (age 23) that now stands upright.
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Diary of Anne Clifford. 8th June 1616. Upon the 8th being Saturday Rivers and Mr Burridge were sent down into Westmoreland with letters from the Council for restoring the possession of Appleby Castle [Map] as it was at my Lady's decease1.
At this time my Lord (age 27) desired to have me pass my rights of the lands of Westmoreland to him and my Child, and to this end he brought my Lord William Howard to persuade me and then my Lord told me I should go presently to Knole, and so I was sent away upon half an hour's warning leaving my Coz. Cecily Neville and Willoughby behind me at London and so went down alone with Kath. Buxton about 8 o'clock at night so as it was 12 before we came to Knole.
Note 1. About this time came Lady Cavendish (age 66), Sir R.Yately, Mr Watson to see me and comfort me after the loss of my Mother and persuaded me much to consent to the Agreement.
Letters of John Chamberlain Volume 2.243. [8th June 1616] The Countesse of Salisberie (age 26) hath brought a sonne wherto the King is invited somtime the next weeke to be Godfather. The King dines this day in towne at Alderman Coquins (age 55) invited thether by the companie of the new marchants, where I heare they mean to present him with a bason of gold of £1000 value, and the Prince with halfe so much. Two dayes since I receved both your letters of the 24th and 30th of the last moneth. Presently after your going hence I inquired whether Sir Henry Wotton had signed the letter for Gregorio, and found he had don his part, but nothing comes of yt, and yet I furthered yt then what I might, and divers times since, I assure I you, as occasion was offered, or any mention made of him; but yt is surdo canere [singing to a deaf person], so that not long since I told him the poore man meant to come over and solicit for himself; yet in these bare times I wold not wish him to adventure yt without better assurance then I can geve him, for I see no man intends any thing in publike that doth not some way concern himself. Yesterday I cast out a word of your going to the Spaa, and what necessitie there is of yt, but he wold not be acknowne [admit] that he had heard any thing of yt, or that you had written to him about yt. Phill Lytton goes ydling up and down and knowes not what to do with himself. His brother (age 29) as lasilie hunts after meanes to place him about the Lord Chamberlain (age 36), which yf yt fayle he makes reconing to go with the Lord Rosse (age 26) into Spaine. In conclusion I have no opinion of his industrie, or that he cares to employ himself virtuosamente. So with all due remembrance to my Lady I commend you to the protection of the Almighty. From London this 8th of June 1616.
Your Lordships to commaund
John Chamberlain (age 63).
To the right honorable Sir Dudley Carleton knight Lord Ambassador for his Majestie with the States of the United Provinces at the Hagh.
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John Evelyn's Diary. 8th June 1654.. my wife (age 19) and I set out in a coach and four horses, in our way to visit relations of hers in Wiltshire, and other parts, where we resolved to spend some months. We dined at Windsor [Map], saw the Castle and Chapel of St. George, where they have laid our blessed Martyr, King Charles, in the vault just before the alter. The church and workmanship in stone is admirable. The Castle itself is large in circumference; but the rooms melancholy, and of ancient magnificence. The keep, or mount, hath, besides its incomparable prospect, a very profound well; and the terrace toward Eton, with the park, meandering Thames, and sweet meadows, yield one of the most delightful prospects. That night, we lay at Reading. Saw my Lord Craven's (age 46) house at Causam [Caversham], now in ruins, his goodly woods felling by the Rebels.
John Evelyn's Diary. 8th June 1658. That excellent preacher and holy man, Dr. Hewer, was martyred for having intelligence with his Majesty (age 28), through the Lord Marquis of Ormond (age 47).
On 8th June 1658 Henry Slingsby 1st Baronet (age 56) was beheaded on Tower Hill [Map] for being a Royalist. His son Thomas (age 21) succeeded 2nd Baronet Slingsby Scriven.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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John Evelyn's Diary. 4th June 1660. Addressing myself to the Duke (age 26), I was carried to his Majesty (age 30), when very few noblemen were with him, and kissed his hands, being very graciously received. I then returned home, to meet Sir Richard Browne (age 55), who came not till the 8th, after nineteen years exile, during all which time he kept up in his chapel the Liturgy and Offices of the Church of England, to his no small honor, and in a time when it was so low, and as many thought utterly lost, that in various controversies both with Papists and Sectaries, our divines used to argue for the visibility of the Church, from his chapel and congregation.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th June 1665. Thence with great joy to the Cocke-pitt [Map]; where the Duke of Albemarle (age 56), like a man out of himself with content, new-told me all; and by and by comes a letter from Mr. Coventry's (age 37) own hand to him, which he never opened (which was a strange thing), but did give it me to open and read, and consider what was fit for our office to do in it, and leave the letter with Sir W. Clerke; which upon such a time and occasion was a strange piece of indifference, hardly pardonable. I copied out the letter, and did also take minutes out of Sir W. Clerke's other letters; and the sum of the newes is:
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th June 1665. So home to bed, with my heart at great rest and quiett, saving that the consideration of the victory is too great for me presently to comprehend1.
Note 1. Mrs. Ady (Julia Cartwright), in her fascinating life of Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans, gives an account of the receipt of the news of the great sea-fight in Paris, and quotes a letter of Charles II to his sister, dated, "Whitehall, June 8th, 1665" The first report that reached Paris was that "the Duke of York's (age 31) ship had been blown up, and he himself had been drowned". "The shock was too much for Madame... she was seized with convulsions, and became so dangerously ill that Lord Hollis (age 65) wrote to the King (age 35), 'If things had gone ill at sea I really believe Madame would have died.'" Charles wrote: "I thanke God we have now the certayne newes of a very considerable victory over the Duch; you will see most of the particulars by the relation my Lord Hopis will shew you, though I have had as great a losse as 'tis possible in a good frinde, poore C. Barckely (deceased). It troubles me so much, as I hope you will excuse the shortnesse of this letter, haveing receaved the newes of it but two houres agoe" ("Madame", 1894, pp. 215, 216).
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th June 1665. By and by comes Alderman Maynell and Mr. Viner (age 34), and there my Lord Treasurer (age 58) did intreat them to furnish me with money upon my tallys, Sir Philip Warwicke (age 55) before my Lord declaring the King's changing of the hand from Mr. Povy (age 51) to me, whom he called a very sober person, and one whom the Lord Treasurer would owne in all things that I should concern myself with them in the business of money. They did at present declare they could not part with money at present. My Lord did press them very hard, and I hope upon their considering we shall get some of them.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th June 1665. Alone at home to dinner, my wife, mother, and Mercer dining at W. Joyce's; I giving her a caution to go round by the Half Moone [Map] to his house, because of the plague.
John Evelyn's Diary. 8th June 1665. Came news of his highness's (age 35) victory, which indeed might have been a complete one, and at once ended the war, had it been pursued, but the cowardice of some, or treachery, or both, frustrated that. We had, however, bonfires, bells, and rejoicing in the city. Next day, the 9th, I had instant orders to repair to the Downs, so as I got to Rochester, Kent [Map] this evening. Next day I lay at Deal, Kent [Map], where I found all in readiness: but, the fleet being hindered by contrary winds, I came away on the 12th, and went to Dover, Kent [Map], and returned to Deal, Kent [Map]; and on the 13th, hearing the fleet was at Solbay, I went homeward, and lay at Chatham, Kent [Map], and on the 14th, I got home. On the 15th, came the eldest son of the present Secretary of State to the French King, with much other company, to dine with me. After dinner, I went with him to London, to speak to my Lord General for more guards, and gave his Majesty an account of my journey to the coasts under my inspection. I also waited on his Royal Highness (age 31), now come triumphant from the fleet, gotten into repair. See the whole history of this conflict in my "History of the Dutch War"..
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th June 1665. I to my Lord Treasurer's (age 58) by appointment of Sir Thomas Ingram's (age 50), to meet the Goldsmiths; where I met with the great news at last newly come, brought by Bab May (age 37) from the Duke of Yorke (age 31), that we have totally routed the Dutch; that the Duke himself, the Prince (age 45), my Lord Sandwich (age 39), and Mr. Coventry (age 37) are all well: which did put me into such joy, that I forgot almost all other thoughts. The particulars I shall set down by and by.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th June 1665. VICTORY OVER THE DUTCH, JUNE 3RD, 1665.
This day they engaged; the Dutch neglecting greatly the opportunity of the wind they had of us, by which they lost the benefit of their fire-ships. The Earl of Falmouth (deceased), Muskerry, and Mr. Richard Boyle killed on board the Duke's ship, the Royall Charles, with one shot: their blood and brains flying in the Duke's (age 31) face; and the head of Mr. Boyle striking down the Duke, as some say. Earle of Marlborough (deceased), Portland (deceased), Rear-Admirall Sansum (to Prince Rupert (age 45)) killed, and Capt. Kirby and Ableson. Sir John Lawson (age 50) wounded on the knee; hath had some bones taken out, and is likely to be well again. Upon receiving the hurt, he sent to the Duke for another to command the Royall Oake. The Duke sent Jordan1 out of the St. George, who did brave things in her. Capt. Jer. Smith of the Mary was second to the Duke, and stepped between him and Captain Seaton of the Urania (76 guns and 400 men), who had sworn to board the Duke; killed him, 200 men, and took the ship; himself losing 99 men, and never an officer saved but himself and lieutenant. His master indeed is saved, with his leg cut off: Admirall Opdam blown up, Trump killed, and said by Holmes; all the rest of their admiralls, as they say, but Everson (whom they dare not trust for his affection to the Prince of Orange), are killed: we having taken and sunk, as is believed, about 24 of their best ships; killed and taken near 8 or 10,000 men, and lost, we think, not above 700. A great[er] victory never known in the world. They are all fled, some 43 got into the Texell, and others elsewhere, and we in pursuit of the rest.
Note 1. Afterwards Sir Joseph Jordan, commander of the "Royal Sovereign", and Vice-Admiral of the Red, 1672. He was knighted on July 1st, 1665. B.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th June 1666. After dinner Balty (age 26) and I to my office, and there talked a great deal of this fight; and I am mightily pleased in him and have great content in, and hopes of his doing well.
John Evelyn's Diary. 8th June 1667. To London, alarmed by the Dutch, who were fallen on our fleet at Chatham, Kent [Map], by a most audacious enterprise, entering the very river with part of their fleet, doing us not only disgrace, but incredible mischief in burning several of our best men-of-war lying at anchor and moored there, and all this through our unaccountable negligence in not setting out our fleet in due time. This alarm caused me, fearing the enemy might venture up the Thames even to London (which they might have done with ease, and fired all the vessels in the river, too), to send away my best goods, plate, etc., from my house to another place. The alarm was so great that it put both country and city into fear, panic, and consternation, such as I hope I shall never see more; everybody was flying, none knew why or whither. Now, there were land forces dispatched with the Duke of Albemarle (age 58), Lord Middleton (age 59), Prince Rupert (age 47), and the Duke (age 33), to hinder the Dutch coming to Chatham, Kent [Map], fortifying Upnor Castle, Kent [Map], and laying chains and bombs; but the resolute enemy broke through all, and set fire on our ships, and retreated in spite, stopping up the Thames, the rest of the fleet lying before the mouth of it.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th June 1667. Up, and to the office, where all the news this morning is, that the Dutch are come with a fleete of eighty sail to Harwich, Essex [Map], and that guns were heard plain by Sir W. Rider's people at Bednallgreene, all yesterday even.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th June 1667. After dinner to the office again, where busy till night, and then home and to read a little and then to bed. The news is confirmed that the Dutch are off of Harwich, Essex [Map], but had done nothing last night. The King (age 37) hath sent down my Lord of Oxford (age 40) to raise the countries there; and all the Westerne barges are taken up to make a bridge over the River, about the Hope, for horse to cross the River, if there be occasion.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 8th June 1671 Edgar Stewart 1st Duke Cambridge (age 3) died. Duke Cambridge extinct.
John Evelyn's Diary. 8th June 1688. This day, the Archbishop of Canterbury (age 71), with the Bishops of Ely (age 50), Chichester (age 64), St. Asaph (age 60), Bristol (age 38), Peterborough (age 60), and Bath and Wells (age 50), were sent from the Privy Council prisoners to the Tower [Map], for refusing to give bail for their appearance, on their not reading the Declaration for liberty of conscience; they refused to give bail, as it would have prejudiced their peerage. The concern of the people for them was wonderful, infinite crowds on their knees begging their blessing, and praying for them, as they passed out of the barge along the Tower wharf.
Roger Whitley's Diary. 8th June 1690. Sonday, (Whitsonday) his Majesty (age 39) went from Peele to Chester; (Portland (age 40), Scarborough (age 40) & Warrington (age 38) in the coach with him interl); I, Bidolph & one of his servants followed the Guards, &c.( the Mayor, Aldermen met him at Boughton, the Livery & Bearers in the streete interl); he went directly to the Cathedral [Map], sate in the Bishops seate; the Bishop (age 57) attended him as Clarke of the Closet; then preached; after sermon took coach immediately at the church doore, soe to dinner at Geaton, &c. I had 2 pockets picked in the church & severall others besides myselfe; the Mayor invited me but I refused him; I, Bidolph & G.Mainwaring (age 47) dined with Streete; severall came here to us; Bellot & I went thence to visit Sir Thomas Delves (age 37), &c. I left Bellot there; went to Jacksons; there were Bidolph, Streete, G.Mainwaring, my 2 sons, Warburton, Wright, Governor (but he stayd not), Colonel Harman, another officer,&c. I and Bidolph & Roger left them past 7; came home neare 9; found Mr Offley there, he stayd all night.
John Evelyn's Diary. 8th June 1698. I went to congratulate the marriage of Mr. Godolphin (age 19) with the Earl of Marlborough's (age 48) daughter (age 16).
On 5th April 1713 Richard Welby (age 55) died. Monument at St Andrew's Church, Denton [Map]. Sculpted by Thomas Green of Camberwell (age 54). The fully wigged standing life sized figure of the deceased stands in an arched surround flanked by fluted Pilasters with acanthus scrolls and broken segmental pediment contaning a cherub and putti leaning down from heaven holding a metal coronet, surmounted by an achievement. Beneath is he inscription panel and to either side putti holding memento mori, and mourning, one with tears.
The inscription reads:
M.S.
Here are deposited the Remains of
Richard Welby of Denton Esqr
Lord of the Mannours of Welby Streglethorp Saperton and
Swinsted and High Sheriff of the County of Lincoln 1705
A Gentleman of an ancient & Virtuous Family, a good Christian
a Loyal Subject, a true lover of the Church
a sincere Respector of its Clergy and
a daily Frequentor of its Worship
In His private Character, Modest, Humble and Courteous
of great Probity and universal Charity
The Poor lost in him a liberal and silent Benefactor
his Tenants, a forbearing Landlord;
his Servants, a kind and prudent master;
his Relations, an invaluable Friend;
his Children, a most indulgent Father and
his Mournfull Wife ye Best of Husbands.
He marry'd Mary Daughter & Sole Heiress of John Towers of
the Isle of Ely Esqr, by whom he had Issue;
Mary Interred here, Selina, William and John twins, Eleanor & Richard
After a tedious Sickness, which he bore with exemplary patience
and resignation, he dyed on Easter day 1713
In hopes of a Joyfull Resurrection; & lament his loss
the Righteous shall be had in everlasting Remembrance
MARY his once happy Wife now Sorrowfull Relict
??????? her own Affection
Erected this Monument Dec 10 1714.
Mary Welby
Ob June 8 1759
Ae 74
Richard Welby: In 1658 he was born. Before 1713 he and Mary Towers were married.
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On 8th June 1723 Harriet Fitzroy was born to Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton (age 39) and Henrietta Somerset Duchess Grafton (age 32). She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
Stonehenge by William Stukeley. Table XXV. The Approach to Radfyn [Map] fronting the Avenue of Stonehenge. 8 Jun 1724. A. the avenue [Map]. B. the old Kings Barrows. C. the new Kings barrows. D. Vespasians camp [Map]. E. the beginnings of the avenue.
On 8th June 1795 Louis XVII King France (age 10) died. His uncle Louis (age 39) de jure XVIII King France: Capet Valois Bourbon.
On 8th June 1829 John Everett Millais 1st Baronet was born to John William Millais and Emily Mary Evermy (age 40) at Southampton, Hampshire [Map]. Most of his early childhood was spent in Jersey. He married 3rd July 1855 Euphemia "Effie" Gray Lady Millais and had issue.
On 8th June 1842 Henry Parnell 1st Baron Congleton (age 65) committed suicide by hanging having suffered for some time from ill-health and melancholy. His son John (age 36) succeeded 2nd Baron Congleton of Congleton in Cheshire, 5th Baronet Parnell of Rathleague Queen's County.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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Archaeologia Volume 33 Section XIII. Account of a Gold Torquis found in Needwood Forest in Staffordshire, in a Letter to the Viscount Mahon, President, from Sir HENRY ELLIS, K.H. Secretary. Read June 8th, 1848.
Ten Years' Digging. Several unsuccessful attempts to open the barrow at Longlow [Map], near Wetton, are noticed in the preceding pages, which failed from a great part of the mound being surrounded by mine hillocks, imder which it extended much further than was at first anticipated, in fact, a shaft had been sunk very near the centre of the tumulus. From a careful measurement of part of the barrow still remaining in its original condition, it appears to have had a circumference of ninety yards. It is chiefly composed of flat stones, many of which are large, and set on end, inclining towards each other at the top, by which mode of construction many vacancies are occasioned. Near the surface and at the edge the stones are smaller, and the interstices are filled with gravel and earth; the depth in the highest part was more than seven feet. Convinced that we had not yet found the principal interment, and as the presumed centre had been examined down to the rock, we excavated the S.E. side of the mound in the month of March of the present year, without finding more than detached pieces of human bone, and lumps of flint amongst a quantity of charcoal near the surface; and laying bare at the bottom, a low wall of square stones, altogether about four feet long and eight inches high. At length, on the 8th of June, after having expended part of the preceding day in excavation, we had the satisfaction of discovering a very large cist, or chamber, the first indication of which were two large stones lying parallel to each other in an inclined direction. They had originally constituted one stone only, forming one end of the cist which had been displaced, and each was seven feet long by five broad. At the foot of these appeared the end of another stone of almost equal size placed on edge, which proved to be one side of the sepulchral chamber; It was seven Inches thick. The opposite side was formed by a stone equally long, but about a foot narrower, and eleven inches in thickness. The stone forming the end inclined Inwards, having given way; it was five feet broad by six feet long, thus rendering the chamber, as originally constructed, six feet long, five wide, and about four deep. Excepting at a little vacancy at the end first discovered, where human remains were seen scattered amongst the stones, the chamber was filled In the upper part with earth and stones, below with stones only, which being removed, exposed a well-paved floor, covered from end to end with human bones, which lying altogether in the primitive contracted position, appeared to be in great confusion, though not so in reality. Two skulls lay close together, in contact with the side of the cist, beneath another skull (shortly to be described; In the middle lay the leg bones of one skeleton and the arms of another. One skeleton was situated rather higher up amongst the stones. Bones of the ox, hog, deer, and dog; also three very finely chipped arrow-heads, and many other pieces of calcined flint accompanied the human remains, which, as well as we could ascertain, represented at least thirteen individuals, ranging from infancy to old age, and including several females.
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On 8th June 1856 Victoria Susan Chetwynd-Talbot (age 25) died at Naples [Map]. Monument at St Mary the Virgin Church, Ingestre [Map] sculpted by Ernesto Cali (age 35).
Victoria Susan Chetwynd-Talbot: On 27th February 1831 she was born to Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot 3rd Earl Talbot 18th Earl of Shrewsbury and Sarah Elizabeth Beresford Countess Talbot Shrewsbury Waterford. Adeline Horsey Recollections. Lady Victoria Talbot, who was staying at Gopsall, was very much in love with Lord Anson, and was always trying to make a sketch of him. I got tired of seeing impressions of the Anson profile, full face, three-quarter face, lying about as thick as leaves in Vallambrosa; but Lady Victoria went on blissfully sketching, until one morning her mother discovered the work of the love-smitten amateur artist. "Who did these .'" she demanded, thinking somebody was Anson mad. Lady Victoria apparently dreaded confession, for the Countess seemed by her manner to consider sketching young men rather a fast proceeding. Lady Victoria cast an appealing glance at me - "Miss de Horsey did them, mamma!" I accepted the lie, and after that the Anson sketching mania died a natural death.
Ernesto Cali: In 1821 he was born.
After 8th June 1865. St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map]. Memorial and grave of Joseph Paxton (deceased).
Joseph Paxton: Around 1785 Edensor, Chatsworth, Derbyshire William Cavendish 6th Duke Devonshire, working with Joseph Paxton relocated Edensor, Chatsworth, Derbyshire, possibly so that it could no longer be seen from Chatsworth House, Derbyshire [Map]. One the east of the original village one house was left in situ being occupied by an elderly retainer Anthony Holmes. It was walled around to protect it against deer and cattle. Six houses were left in-situ although they were modified to include ornamental chimneys. The new village was provided with allotments, a small prison and a mortuary. On 3rd August 1803 he was born at Milton Bryant, Bedfordshire. In 1827 he and Sarah Bown were married. On 8th June 1865 he died at Rockhills House, Sydenham. He was buried at St Peter's Church, Edensor [Map].
On 8th June 1875 Constance Blanche Godolphin Godolphin Osborne was born to George Godolphin Osborne 9th Duke Leeds (age 46) and Fanny Georgiana Pitt-Rivers Duchess Leeds (age 38). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.94%. She married Ernest Frederick George Hatch.
On 8th June 1893 Charles Gordon-Lennox 8th Duke Richmond (age 22) and Hilda Madeline Brassey Duchess Richmond (age 20) were married. He the son of Charles Gordon-Lennox 7th Duke Richmond (age 47) and Amy Mary Ricardo.
The London Gazette 26747. Whitehall, June 8, 1896. THE Queen has been pleased, by Writ under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, dated the 6th June, 1896, to summon Henry John Brinsley Manners (age 44), Esq. (commonly called Marquess of Granby), to the House of Peers, by the name, style, and title of Baron Manners, of Haddon, in the county-of Derby
On 8th June 1900 Henry Wellesley 3rd Duke Wellington (age 54) died at Stratfield Saye House [Map] without issue. His brother Arthur (age 51) succeeded 4th Duke Wellington, 8th Earl Mornington, 8th Viscount Wellesley of Dangan Castle, 4th Viscount Wellington of Talavera. Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams Duchess Wellington (age 51) by marriage Duchess Wellington.
Christ Church, Port Sunlight [Map] was built between 1902 and 1904, and was designed by William and Segar Owen. The church was paid for by William Lever (age 52). It was opened on 8th June 1904. In 1914 the Lever family vault was added as a memorial to the memory of Lady Lever (age 53).
After 8th June 1918. Church of St Deiniol, Hawarden, Flintshire. Memorial to Captain Percival Hurlbutt of the Montgomeryshire Yeomanry.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 8th June 1961 Edward Windsor 2nd Duke Kent (age 25) and Katharine Worsley Duchess of Kent (age 28) were married at York Minster [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Kent. He the son of Prince George Windsor 1st Duke Kent and Princess Marina Glücksburg Duchess Kent (age 54).
Edward Beckett 5th Baron Grimthorpe (age 6) served as a Page.
On 23rd April 1981 Lady Gabriella Windsor was born to Prince Michael of Kent (age 38) and Princess Marie von Reibnitz (age 36) at St Mary's Hospital, London. She was baptised on 8th June 1981 at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. Her godparents were Constantine II King Hellenes (age 40), Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz; Marina Ogilvy (age 14); Princess Antonia, Marchioness of Douro (age 25); and Lady Elizabeth Shakerley (age 39). She a great granddaughter of King George V of the United Kingdom. She married 18th May 2019 Thomas Kingston.
On 19th April 626 Eanflæd Queen Consort Bernicia was born to King Edwin of Northumbria (age 40) and Æthelburh Oiscingas Queen Consort Northumbria (age 21). She was baptised on 8th June 626. She married 645 her half first cousin King Oswiu of Northumbria, son of Æthelfrith King Northumbrians and Acha Queen Consort Northumbria, and had issue.
On 8th June 1348 Reginald Cobham 2nd Baron Cobham was born to Reginald Cobham 1st Baron Cobham (age 53) and Joan Berkeley Baroness Cobham Sternborough (age 18). He married (1) 1368 his third cousin Elizabeth Stafford Baroness Cobham, Ferrers and Strange, daughter of Ralph Stafford 1st Earl Stafford and Margaret Audley Countess Stafford (2) 1380 his second cousin Eleanor Maltravers 2nd Baroness Maltravers Baroness Arundel and Cobham and had issue.
On 8th June 1575 Elizabeth Spencer Countess Northampton was born to John Spencer. She married 1599 William Compton 1st Earl of Northampton, son of Henry Compton 1st Baron Compton and Frances Hastings Baroness Compton, and had issue.
On 8th June 1576 Frances Drury Lady Glentworth was born to William Drury (age 26) and Elizabeth Stafford (age 30). She married (1) in or before 1595 Nicholas Clifford of Bobbing Kent (2) before May 1601 William Wray 1st Baronet, son of Christopher Wray and Anne Girlington, and had issue.
On 8th June 1607 Catherine Weston was born to Richard Weston 1st Earl of Portland (age 30) and Frances Waldegrave Countess Portland (age 30). She married Richard Whyte.
On 8th June 1626 William Wentworth 2nd Earl Strafford was born to Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford (age 33) and Arabella Holles at Wentworth. He married 27th February 1654 his fourth cousin Henriette Stanley Countess Strafford, daughter of James Stanley 7th Earl of Derby and Charlotte Thouars Countess Derby.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 8th June 1663 William Lowther 1st Baronet was born to William Lowther (age 23). He married 1691 Annabella Maynard Lady Lowther, daughter of Banastre Maynard 3rd Baron Maynard and Elizabeth Grey Baroness Maynard, and had issue.
On 8th June 1684 Langham Booth was born to Henry Booth 1st Earl Warrington (age 32) and Mary Langham Countess Warrington (age 32) at Mere Hall, Cheshire.
On 8th June 1691 James Cecil 5th Earl Salisbury was born to James Cecil 4th Earl Salisbury (age 25) and Frances Bennett Countess of Salisbury (age 20). He married 12th February 1709 his fourth cousin Anne Tufton Countess of Salisbury, daughter of Thomas Tufton 6th Earl of Thanet and Catherine Cavendish Countess Isle Thanet, and had issue.
On 8th June 1714 Henry Reginald Courtenay was born to William Courtenay 6th Earl Devon (age 38) and Anne Bertie Countess Devon. He married 14th April 1737 his third cousin twice removed Catherine Bathurst and had issue.
On 8th June 1723 Harriet Fitzroy was born to Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton (age 39) and Henrietta Somerset Duchess Grafton (age 32). She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 8th June 1731 Robert Gunning 1st Baronet was born to Robert Gunning (age 34). He married (1) 27th March 1752 Elizabeth Harrison (2) 1757 Anne Sutton and had issue.
On 26th May 1742 Lucas Pepys 1st Baronet was born to William Pepys (age 43). He was baptised on 8th June 1742 at St Mary Woolnoth Church. He married (1) 31st October 1772 Jane Elizabeth Leslie 12th Countess of Rothes, daughter of John Leslie 10th Earl Rothes and Hannah Cole Countess Rothes, and had issue (2) 29th June 1813 Deborah Askew.
On 8th June 1792 Harriet Douglas Countess Aberdeen was born to John Douglas (age 35) and Frances Lascelles (age 29). She married (1) 25th November 1809 James Hamilton, son of John Hamilton 1st Marquess Abercorn and Catherine Moyle Marchioness Abercorn, and had issue (2) 8th July 1815 George Hamilton-Gordon 4th Earl Aberdeen and had issue.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 8th June 1797 Henry William Powlett 3rd Baron Bayning was born to Charles Townshend 1st Baron Bayning (age 67) and Annabella Smith-Powlett (age 42). He was educated at Eton College [Map] and St John's College, Cambridge University [Map]. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.24%.
On 8th June 1800 Henry John George Herbert 3rd Earl Carnarvon was born to Henry George Herbert 2nd Earl Carnarvon (age 28) and Elizabeth Kitty Acland Countess Carnarvon (age 27). He married 1830 Henrietta Anna Howard-Molyneux-Howard Countess Carnarvon and had issue.
On 8th June 1803 Henry Villiers Stuart was born to Henry Crichton-Stuart (age 26) and Gertrude Amelia Mason Villiers (age 31). He married 12th January 1826 Theresia Pauline Ott and had issue.
On 8th June 1805 Frederick George Howard was born to George Howard 6th Earl Carlisle (age 31) and Georgiana Cavendish Countess Carlisle (age 21).
On 8th June 1806 George Byng 2nd Earl Strafford was born to John Byng 1st Earl Strafford (age 34) and Mary Stevens Mackenzie. He married (1) 7th March 1829 Agnes Paget, daughter of Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey and Caroline Elizabeth Villiers Duchess Argyll, and had issue (2) 16th March 1848 Harriet Cavendish Countess Strafford, daughter of Charles Compton Cavendish 1st Baron Chesham and Catherine Susan Gordon Baroness Chesham, and had issue.
On 8th June 1813 John Lowry Cole was born to John Cole 2nd Earl Enniskillen (age 45) and Charlotte Paget Countess Enniskillen (age 31).
On 8th June 1821 John Rolle Paulett was born to John Paulett 5th Earl Paulett (age 37) and Charlotte Fanny Portman Countess Paulett.
On 8th June 1829 John Charles Kenward Shaw 7th Baronet was born to Captain Charles Shaw (deceased) and Frances Anne Hawley posthumously. He was the elder of twins his younger brother being Reverend Charles John Kenward Shaw.
On 8th June 1829 Reverend Charles John Kenward Shaw was born to Captain Charles Shaw (deceased) and Frances Anne Hawley posthumously. He was the younger of twins his elder brother being John Charles Kenward Shaw 7th Baronet.
On 8th June 1829 John Everett Millais 1st Baronet was born to John William Millais and Emily Mary Evermy (age 40) at Southampton, Hampshire [Map]. Most of his early childhood was spent in Jersey. He married 3rd July 1855 Euphemia "Effie" Gray Lady Millais and had issue.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 8th June 1831 William Milborne-Swinnerton-Pilkington 10th Baronet was born to William Pilkington 8th Baronet (age 55).
On 8th June 1838 Bishop Lewis Clayton was born. He married before 1895 Katharine Hare.
On 8th June 1863 George William Thomas Brudenell 4th Marquess Ailesbury was born to George John Brudenell (age 24) and Evelyn Mary Craven (age 23). He married 6th May 1884 Dorothy Julia "Dolly Tester" Haseley Marchioness Ailesbury.
On 8th June 1875 Constance Blanche Godolphin Godolphin Osborne was born to George Godolphin Osborne 9th Duke Leeds (age 46) and Fanny Georgiana Pitt-Rivers Duchess Leeds (age 38). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.94%. She married Ernest Frederick George Hatch.
On 8th June 1875 Ralph Henry Sacheverell Wilmot 6th Baronet was born to Reverend Arthur Alfred Wilmot (age 30) and Harriet Cecilia FitzHerbert (age 26).
On 8th June 1882 Francis Henry Biddulph 9th Baronet was born to Walter John Biddulph (age 55).
On 8th June 1890 Hubert Acland 4th Baronet was born to Admiral William Alison Dyke Acland 2nd Baronet (age 42) and Emily Anna Smith Lady Acland (age 31). He married 21st August 1915 his second cousin Lalage Mary Kathleen Acland and had issue.
On 8th June 1891 George Henry James Duckworth-King 6th Baronet was born to Dudley Gordon Alan Duckworth-King 5th Baronet (age 39).
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 8th June 1891 Captain Ralph Frederick Vane was born to Henry de Vere Vane 9th Baron Barnard (age 37) and Catherine Sarah Cecil Baroness Barnard (age 30).
On 8th June 1897 Robert Villiers Grimston 1st Baron Grimston was born to Robert Grimston (age 37) and Gertrude Mary Amelia Villiers. He married 24th October 1923 Sybil Rose Neumann Baroness Grimston, daughter of Sigmund Neumann 1st Baronet and Anna Allegra Hakim Lady Neumann, and had issue.
On 8th June 1907 Aline Emily Partington was born to Oswald Partington 2nd Baron Doverdale (age 35) and Clara Isabel Murray Baroness Doverdale (age 26). She married 11th June 1936 Kenneth Weir Hogg 6th Baronet.
On 8th June 1928 John Russell 27th Baron de Clifford was born to Edward Russell 26th Baron de Clifford (age 21).
On 8th June 1929 Robert Shirley 13th Earl Ferrers was born to Robert Shirley 12th Earl Ferrers (age 34).
On 8th June 1929 Robert Cave-Browne-Cave 16th Baronet was born to Clement Charles Cave-Browne-Cave 15th Baronet (age 32).
On 23rd April 1981 Lady Gabriella Windsor was born to Prince Michael of Kent (age 38) and Princess Marie von Reibnitz (age 36) at St Mary's Hospital, London. She was baptised on 8th June 1981 at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. Her godparents were Constantine II King Hellenes (age 40), Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz; Marina Ogilvy (age 14); Princess Antonia, Marchioness of Douro (age 25); and Lady Elizabeth Shakerley (age 39). She a great granddaughter of King George V of the United Kingdom. She married 18th May 2019 Thomas Kingston.
On 8th June 1653 William Wyndham 1st Baronet (age 21) and Frances Hungerford (age 18) were married.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 8th June 1693 Charles Mildmay 18th Baron Fitzwalter (age 23) and Elizabeth Bertie Baroness Fitzwalter (age 17) were married. She by marriage Baroness Fitzwalter.
On 8th June 1751 John Hely-Hutchinson (age 27) and Christiana Nixon 1st Baroness Donoughmore (age 19) were married. They had ten children.
On 8th June 1775 Algernon Percy 1st Earl Beverley (age 25) and Isabella Susan Burrell Countess Beverley (age 24) were married at Syon House [Map]. He the son of Hugh Percy 1st Duke Northumberland (age 59) and Elizabeth Seymour Duchess Northumberland (age 58).
On 8th June 1805 Robert Haldane-Duncan 1st Earl of Camperdown (age 20) and Janet Dalrymple (age 22) were married.
On 8th June 1819 Chandos Leigh 1st Baron Leigh (age 27) and Margaret Willes (age 21) were married.
On 8th June 1859 Francis Edmund Cecil Byng 5th Earl Strafford (age 24) and Florence Louisa Miles (age 19) were married. He the son of George Byng 2nd Earl Strafford (age 53) and Agnes Paget.
On 8th June 1893 Charles Gordon-Lennox 8th Duke Richmond (age 22) and Hilda Madeline Brassey Duchess Richmond (age 20) were married. He the son of Charles Gordon-Lennox 7th Duke Richmond (age 47) and Amy Mary Ricardo.
On 8th June 1940 William Philip Sidney 1st Viscount de l'Isle (age 31) and Jacqueline Vereker Countess de l'Isle (age 25) were married.
On 8th June 1961 Edward Windsor 2nd Duke Kent (age 25) and Katharine Worsley Duchess of Kent (age 28) were married at York Minster [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Kent. He the son of Prince George Windsor 1st Duke Kent and Princess Marina Glücksburg Duchess Kent (age 54).
Edward Beckett 5th Baron Grimthorpe (age 6) served as a Page.
On 8th June 1042 King Harthacnut of Denmark and England (age 24) died. His half brother Edward (age 39) succeeded King of England.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 8th June 1368 Maurice Berkeley 9th and 4th Baron Berkeley (age 48) died. His son Thomas (age 16) succeeded 10th Baron Berkeley Feudal, 5th Baron Berkeley.
On 8th June 1376 Edward "Black Prince" (age 45) died of dysentery at Westminster Palace [Map]. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral [Map]. His son Richard (age 9) succeeded as heir to his grandfather King Edward III of England (age 63) who died a year later.
On 8th June 1384 Thomas Ros 4th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 49) died at Uffington. He was buried at Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire [Map]. His son John (age 15) succeeded 5th Baron Ros Helmsley and inherited Belvoir Castle [Map].
On 8th June 1405 before a great crowd at York [Map]..
Archbishop Richard Scrope (age 55) was beheaded.
Thomas Mowbray 4th Earl Norfolk 2nd Earl Nottingham (age 19) was beheaded. His brother John (age 13) succeeded 5th Earl Norfolk, 3rd Earl Nottingham, 8th Baron Mowbray, 9th Baron Segrave.
On 8th June 1476 Archbishop George Neville (age 44) died.
On 8th June 1492 Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England (age 55) died at Bermondsey Abbey [Map]. She was buried in the Chantry Chapel next to the Altar, St George's Chapel [Map] with her husband King Edward IV of England.
On 8th June 1501 George Gordon 2nd Earl Huntley (age 46) died. His son Alexander succeeded 3rd Earl Huntley. Jean Stewart Countess Huntley (age 40) by marriage Countess Huntley.
On 8th June 1521 Alice Keble Baroness Mountjoy died.
On 8th June 1529 James Fitzgerald 10th Earl Desmond (age 34) died at Dingle. He was buried at Tralee. His uncle Thomas (age 75) succeeded 11th Earl Desmond.
On 8th June 1658 Henry Slingsby 1st Baronet (age 56) was beheaded on Tower Hill [Map] for being a Royalist. His son Thomas (age 21) succeeded 2nd Baronet Slingsby Scriven.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 8th June 1671 Edgar Stewart 1st Duke Cambridge (age 3) died. Duke Cambridge extinct.
On 8th June 1671 Henry Goring 2nd Baronet (age 44) died. His son William (age 12) succeeded 3rd Baronet Goring of Burton in Sussex.
On 8th June 1701 Thomas Cookes 2nd Baronet (age 53) died. Baronet Cookes of Norgrove in Worcestershire extinct.
On 5th April 1713 Richard Welby (age 55) died. Monument at St Andrew's Church, Denton [Map]. Sculpted by Thomas Green of Camberwell (age 54). The fully wigged standing life sized figure of the deceased stands in an arched surround flanked by fluted Pilasters with acanthus scrolls and broken segmental pediment contaning a cherub and putti leaning down from heaven holding a metal coronet, surmounted by an achievement. Beneath is he inscription panel and to either side putti holding memento mori, and mourning, one with tears.
The inscription reads:
M.S.
Here are deposited the Remains of
Richard Welby of Denton Esqr
Lord of the Mannours of Welby Streglethorp Saperton and
Swinsted and High Sheriff of the County of Lincoln 1705
A Gentleman of an ancient & Virtuous Family, a good Christian
a Loyal Subject, a true lover of the Church
a sincere Respector of its Clergy and
a daily Frequentor of its Worship
In His private Character, Modest, Humble and Courteous
of great Probity and universal Charity
The Poor lost in him a liberal and silent Benefactor
his Tenants, a forbearing Landlord;
his Servants, a kind and prudent master;
his Relations, an invaluable Friend;
his Children, a most indulgent Father and
his Mournfull Wife ye Best of Husbands.
He marry'd Mary Daughter & Sole Heiress of John Towers of
the Isle of Ely Esqr, by whom he had Issue;
Mary Interred here, Selina, William and John twins, Eleanor & Richard
After a tedious Sickness, which he bore with exemplary patience
and resignation, he dyed on Easter day 1713
In hopes of a Joyfull Resurrection; & lament his loss
the Righteous shall be had in everlasting Remembrance
MARY his once happy Wife now Sorrowfull Relict
??????? her own Affection
Erected this Monument Dec 10 1714.
Mary Welby
Ob June 8 1759
Ae 74
Richard Welby: In 1658 he was born. Before 1713 he and Mary Towers were married.
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On 8th June 1735 Robert Rous 4th Baronet (age 48) died. His son John (age 8) succeeded 5th Baronet Stradbrooke of Henham in Suffolk.
On 8th June 1738 Thomas Windsor 1st Viscount Windsor (age 68) died. His son Herbert succeeded 2nd Viscount Windsor, 2nd Baron Mountjoy. Alice Clavering Viscountess Windsor by marriage Viscountess Windsor.
On 8th June 1747 Alan Brodrick 2nd Viscount Midleton (age 45) died. His son George (age 16) succeeded 3rd Viscount Midleton of Midleton in Cork, 3rd Baron Brodrick of Midleton in Cork.
On 8th June 1748 William Honywood 2nd Baronet (age 94) died. His grandson John (age 38) succeeded 3rd Baronet Honywood of Evington in Kent.
On 8th June 1771 George Montagu Dunk 2nd Earl Halifax (age 54) died. Earl Halifax, Baron Halifax extinct.
On 8th June 1774 Henry Gough 1st Baronet (age 66) died. His son Henry (age 25) succeeded 2nd Gough-Calthorpe of Edgbaston in Warwickshire.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 8th June 1795 Louis XVII King France (age 10) died. His uncle Louis (age 39) de jure XVIII King France: Capet Valois Bourbon.
On 8th June 1800 Emily Fitzroy Baroness Bagot (age 29) died.
On 8th June 1804 Ferdinando Poole 4th Baronet died. His second cousin Henry (age 60) succeeded 5th Baronet Poole of Poole in Cheshire.
On 8th June 1842 Henry Parnell 1st Baron Congleton (age 65) committed suicide by hanging having suffered for some time from ill-health and melancholy. His son John (age 36) succeeded 2nd Baron Congleton of Congleton in Cheshire, 5th Baronet Parnell of Rathleague Queen's County.
On 8th June 1856 Maria Theresa Talbot Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford died.
On 8th June 1859 Sophia Anne Every Lady Mosley died.
On 8th June 1867 George William Fermor 5th Earl Pomfret (age 42) died unmarried. Earl Pomfret aka Pontefract, Baron Leominster, Baronet Fermor of Easton Neston in Northamptonshire extinct.
On 8th June 1873 Henry Cadogan 4th Earl Cadogan (age 61) died at Woodrising, Norfolk. His son George (age 33) succeeded 5th Earl Cadogan, 5th Viscount Chelsea, 7th Baron Cadogan. Beatrix Jane Craven Countess Cadogan (age 28) by marriage Countess Cadogan.
On 8th June 1879 Katherine Grace O'Grady Lady Grove died.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 8th June 1882 George Howland Beaumont 9th Baronet (age 53) died. His son George (age 31) succeeded 10th Baronet Beaumont of Stoughton Grange in Leicestershire.
On 8th June 1900 Henry Wellesley 3rd Duke Wellington (age 54) died at Stratfield Saye House [Map] without issue. His brother Arthur (age 51) succeeded 4th Duke Wellington, 8th Earl Mornington, 8th Viscount Wellesley of Dangan Castle, 4th Viscount Wellington of Talavera. Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams Duchess Wellington (age 51) by marriage Duchess Wellington.
On 8th June 1911 Arthur Rice 6th Baron Dynevor (age 75) died at Dynevor Castle [Map]. His son Walter (age 37) succeeded 7th Baron Dynevor of Dynevor in Camarthenshire.
On 8th June 1912 Arthur John Otway 3rd Baronet (age 89) died at 34 Eaton Square, Belgravia. Baronet Otway of Brighthelmstone in Sussex extinct.
On 8th June 1916 John Horace Savile 5th Earl Mexborough (age 73) died. His half brother John (age 48) succeeded 6th Earl Mexborough of Lifford in County Donegal.
On 8th June 1923 Francis Money-Coutts 5th Baron Latymer (age 70) died. His son Hugh (age 46) succeeded 6th Baron Latimer of Snape.
On 8th June 1931 Frederick George Milner 7th Baronet (age 81) died. His son William (age 37) succeeded 8th Baronet Milner of Nun Appleton Hall in Yorkshire.
On 8th June 1941 Agatha Manners Tollemache Baroness Westbury (age 84) died.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 8th June 1954 Auckland Geddes 1st Baron Geddes (age 74) died. His son Ross (age 47) succeeded 2nd Baron Geddes Rolvenden in Kent.
On 8th June 1956 Walter FitzUryan Rice 7th Baron Dynevor (age 82) died. His son Charles (age 56) succeeded 8th Baron Dynevor of Dynevor in Camarthenshire.
On 8th June 2000 Kenneth Alston Cradock-Hartopp 10th Baronet (age 82) died. Baronet Cradock-Hartopp extinct.