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All About History Books
The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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13 Jul is in July.
In 1251 King Henry III of England (age 43) granted a charter to Wellow to hold an annual fair on the eve of St Margaret of Antioch's Day [13th of July].
On 15th June 923 Robert I King West Francia (age 57) died. On 13th July 923 his son-in-law Rudolph aka Raoul I King West Francia (age 33) was elected I King West Francia.
On 13th July 1174 a small army commanded by Ranulf Glanville (age 62) with Hugh de Kevelioc Gernon 5th Earl Chester (age 27) surprised King William (age 31) army in a dawn raid known as the Battle of Alnwick near Alnwick, Northumberland [Map]. King William was captured and imprisoned initially in Newcastle upon Tyne Castle. He was subsequently moved to the more remote, and secure, Falaise Castle [Map].
Images of Histories by Ralph Diceto. [13th July 1174] Who could doubt that he has now made the martyr favorable to himself, and that we may safely proclaim his sin transferred? For on the very Saturday on which he was begging the martyr to grant him pardon, frequently kissing the martyr's tomb, God delivered William, king of the Scots (age 31), into his hands, imprisoned under guard at Richmond, so that the prophetic word might be fulfilled: 'A bridle will be given into his jaws, which will be fashioned in the Armorican gulf2,' calling the castle of Richmond the 'Armorican gulf'—a castle held by Armorican lords both now and in ancient times by hereditary right. Also, on that very Saturday, the king's son, having had the ships he had gathered for crossing to England scattered, began to return to France.
Quin martyrem sibi placabilem jam reddiderit, quin peccatum ejus translatum possimus prædicare securi, non est qui dubitet. Nam ipsa die sabbati, qua indulgentiam sibi dari postulabat a martyre, sepulchrum martyris frequenter deosculans, tradidit Deus Willelmum regem Scottorum in manus suas, custodis mancipatum apud Richemunt, ut adimpleretur illud propheticum "Dabitur maxillis ejus freenum quod in Armorico sinu fabricabitur," sinum vocans Armoricum castellum de Richemunt, ab Armoricis principibus et nunc et ab antiquis temporibus hæreditario jure possessum. Ipsa etiam die sabbati rex filius, navibus quas congregaverat ad transfretandum in Angliam dissipatis, cœpit redire in Galliam.
Note 1. Part of Merlin's prophecyl Geoffrey of Monmouth.
On 13th July 1205 Archbishop Hubert Walter (age 45) died.
Chronicum Anglicanum by Ralph Coggeshall. The venerable Hubert (age 45), archbishop of Canterbury, set out from Canterbury with a large retinue, intending on the appointed day at Boxley to reconcile the monks of Rochester with their bishop, who were at variance. But on the journey he was so grievously afflicted with a double calamity of fever and carbuncle that he turned aside to one of his manors, called Tenham, where after four days, namely, on the third of the Ides of July [13th July 1205], he ended his life. In the lower part of his back, that is, on the third-to-last vertebra of his spine, the carbuncle had broken out, which until then he had blushed to show to his attendants, because it seemed to threaten the private parts. Concerning the deadly danger of such a carbuncle, this observation is made: if the patient feels stabbing pains between the breasts or emits sweat, he may know that death is near. Yet such a carbuncle may often be treated by applying a poultice made of equal parts of raw egg yolk and salt, renewed frequently. The patient should be put on a diet of bread and water until the matter is mortified. Bloodletting must be avoided, lest the matter be drawn into the vessels. If only the archbishop had revealed the infection sooner, an unfailing remedy, so the physicians affirmed, might have been given him. When he was admonished by Master Gilbert de l'Aigle that, for fear of the venomous corruption and the burning fever, he should first be reconciled to his Creator by confession, he assented gladly to this counsel for the salvation of his soul, although in the preceding week he had already confessed his sins to three persons: namely, to the prior of St Gregory's, to Master Aaron, confessor of Holy Trinity, and to Master Firmin, secretary of Blessed Thomas [Becket]. Having therefore made confession with the bitterness of a contrite heart, and having heard mass, in the reception of the Eucharist he melted wholly into tears, like snow dissolved. For pressed in the winepress of compunction and set aflame with the fire of perfect charity, the moisture of his brain was melted, producing from itself a torrent of tears. After these things, he was brought to table, and with the smallest portion of food and a draught of warm water, he somewhat strengthened the failing nature of his body's weakness. When admonished again by the aforesaid Gilbert to make his testament, he replied: "Now the seventh summer has rolled by since, in the fullness of my health, I annually examined the accounts of my treasury, turned over my valuables, and reviewed my reckonings, as though I were straightway about to depart from this world. Each year I dictated the notes of my testament, committed them to writing, confirmed them with the impression of my seal, and renewed them every year." Therefore, when venerable men had been called together, he ordered his testament, previously made by him, to be read aloud in their presence, earnestly begging, entreating, and solemnly adjuring them by God, that if anything in his testament required correction, for nothing in human counsel is altogether perfect, his legatees should have the authority, according to the equity of their consciences, to correct, diminish, or supplement it.
Venerabilis Hubertus Cantuariensis archiepiscopus cum frequenti comitatu de Cantuaria egressus, ut die statuta apud Boxeleiam monachos Rofenses cum episcopo suo dissidentes pacificaret, in ipso itinere gemina pernicie febris et anthracis ita graviter vexabatur ut ad quoddam manerium suum, quod Tenham dicitur, diverteret, ibique vitam post quatuor dies, id est, tertio idus Julii terminavit. In suburbio, (scilicet,) sub zona siquidem naturæ, videlicet in antepenultimo spondili dorsi ejus eruperat anthrax, quem eatenus cubiculariis suis erubuerat ostendere, eo quod pudendis ipsis videbatur imminere. De hujusmodi anthracis violenti periculo tale sumitur experimentum. Si æger inter mamillas punctiones sentiat, vel sudorem emittat, mortem sibi imminere cognoscat. Solet tamen istiusmodi anthraci remederi, per mixturam paris quantitatis vitelli ovorum crudi et salis, si super morbum cataplasmetur et frequenter innovetur. Dietetur etiam æger pane tantum et aqua, donec mortificata sit materia. Caveatur autem flebotomia, ne materia trahatur inter vasa. vero pestem si citius archiepiscopus prodidisset, infallibile remedium, ut physici asserebant, accepisset. Admonitus a magistro Gilleberto del Egle, ut pro timore venenosa materiei et febrilis incendii, suo reconciliaretur primo per confessionem Creatori, adquievit gratulanti animo sibi consulenti de salute animæ, licet proxima septimana tribus confessus sit peccata sua, scilicet, priori Sancti Gregorii, et Magistro Aaron, confessori Sanctæ Trinitatis, et Magistro Firmino, secretario Beati Thomæ. Confessione igitur cum contriti cordis amaritudine expleta, missaque celebrata, in perceptione eucharistiæ totus dissolutus est in lacrimas, more nivis liquefactæ. Prelo enim compunctionis et igne caritatis perfectæ succensus, liquefacta est cerebri humiditas, de se gignens torrentem lacrimarum. His factis, prove nitur ad mensam, et cum parcissimo edulio et haustu aquæ tepidæ deficientem debilitati corporis aliquatenus confortasset naturam, admonitus a supradicto G., ut testamentum conderet, respondit, "Jam septima volvitur æstas ex quo in plenitudine sanitatis meæ consistens, annuatim thesauri mei scrutans scrutinia et revolvens clinodia, et computationum mearum percurrens dispendia, ac si statim migraturus essem e sæculo, testamentum proprii notulas dictavi, litteris commen davi, et sigilli mei appensione corroboravi, et singulis annis innovavi." Tunc ergo convocatis viris venerabilibus testamentum suum prius ab eo conditum, in præsentia eorum recitari præcepit, rogans et obsecrans multum, et obtestans per Deum, ut si quid in testamento suo corrigendum esset, cum nihil in humanis consiliis omnino perfectum esset, legatarii sui juxta æquilibritatem conscientiæ suæ potestatem haberent corrigendi, minuendi, vel supplendi.
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Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 13th July 1249 King Alexander III of Scotland (age 7) was crowned III King Scotland at Scone Abbey [Map].
On 13th July 1266 John Plantagenet was born to King Edward I of England (age 27) and Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England (age 25). He died aged five in 1271.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke [-1360]. Finally, on the thirteenth day of the same month of July1 [1346], they arrived at the desired port. Upon landing, the king knighted his eldest son and created him Prince of Wales. Immediately, the prince in turn knighted2 the lords Mortimer (age 17), Montagu (age 18), and de Ros (age 17), and others were likewise promoted to the order of knighthood. For the rest of that day and the whole night, the king lodged in the town of Hogue, and the next day, Tuesday, the army burned the town and proceeded inland through the region of the Cotentin Peninsula. That night, the king lodged at Marcellins, where he remained for five days, during which the entire countryside, including the town of Barfleur, was burned and laid waste along the whole coastline.
Tandem die tertio decimo eiusdem mensis Iulii, ad portum desideratum applicuerunt, ubi, nacti terram, in littore suum primogenitum fecit militem et eum principem Wallie constituebat. Statim princeps fecit milites dominos de Mortimer, de Monte acuto, et de Ros; et cum illis eciam fuerunt alii consimiliter ad ordinem promoti militarem. Per residuum diei et totam noctem rex in villa de Hogges ospitabatur, et in crastino, die Tovis, per exercitum villa combusta, deinde per patriam Constantin profectus, nocte sequenti in Marcelins rex hospitabatur, ibi per quinque dies commoratus, in quibus tota patria cum villa de Barbeflete combusta fuerat, vastata cum tota illa costa marina.
Note 1. The route of Edward's march in the Crécy campaign, across the north of France, from La Hougue to Calais, is here traced with great fullness, and there is no difficulty in identifying almost every place that is named. There is, however, a lack of dates, so that, were there no other means of checking the daily advance of the army, it would be hard, if not impossible, to make out the successive stages with perfect accuracy. Fortunately there is extant the journal of the king's kitchen, kept during the expedition, in which are recorded the names of the places where the king lodged, generally with accompanying dates. This document is quoted in 'Proofs of the early use of Gunpowder in the English Army,' by Mr. Joseph Hunter, printed in Archaeologia, 32: "The king landed at 'Hok,' or 'Hogges,' in Normandy, meaning the port of La Hogue, on Wednesday, the 12th July 1346, and the daily operations of his kitchen proceed at the same place till the Tuesday following, when they are transferred to Valognes. The day's stages of the King's march were now. Saint Come du Mount, Carenton, Pount Herbert, and Saint Lo. He then appears to have changed his purpose, and to have directed his march towards Caen, arriving there on Wednesday the 26th, the intermediate stages having been Sevance, Torteval, and Funtenay Paynel. He remained five days at Caen, and he left the place on the last day of July for Lisieux, at which place he arrived on the second of August, having passed through Treward and Leoperty. He was two days at Lisieux: on the 4th of August he was at Durenvile, on the 5th at Limburgh, the 7th at Oil de Boef, and the 8th at Pount Vadreel. The daily stages were now, Longvile, Frenose, Appone, Ferelaguillon, and Poissy, where he arrived on the 13th of August. He was then about 12 miles from Paris. He remained at Poissy till the 16th, on which day he had begun his march northward. The first day's march was to Grisy, the next to Anty, the next to Trussereux, then to Somerreux, Causeamyneux, and Asshen, where he arrived on the 21st of August. He spent the 22nd and 23rd at Asshen.
We then find him in this humble but authentic chronicle:
Thursday, August 24, 'sub foresta de Cressy.'
Friday, August 25, 'in foresta de Cressy.'
Saturday, August 26, 'adhuc sub foresta de Cressy.'
Sunday, August 27, 'in campis sub foresta de Cressy.'"
There is also a contemporary itinerary, copied in a hand of the 15th century, in the Cotton MS. Cleopatra D. 7. f. 179. From these two documents and Baker's route a perfect itinerary can be constructed.
There are extant also several letters written during the campaign, which enter more or less into details. These are the letters of Edward to sir Thomas Lucy (Coxe, The Black Prince, by Chandos Herald, Roxburghe Club, 1842, p. 351.
To the archbishop of Canterbury (Lettenhove's Froissart 18.285.
To the archbishop of York (Chronicle of Lanercost 342.
Bartholomew Burghersh to the archbishop of York; Murimuth 200.
Bartholomew Burghersh to the archbishop of York; Murimuth 202.
Letter of Thomas Bradwardine, chancellor of St. Paul's; Murimuth 201.
Letter of Michael Northburgh; Murimuth 212, 367, Avesbury 358.
Letter of Michael Northburgh; Avesbury 367.
Letter of Richard Wynkeley, the king's confessor; Murimuth 215; Avesbury 362.
I here give the stages as they appear in the Kitchen Journal (see also Brit. Mus., Add. MS. 25461, f. II); and also print the itinerary from the Cotton MS:
Kitchen Journal
12 July (Wednesday). Hok.
18 July (Tuesday). Valognes.
19 July (Wednesday). Saint Comb du Mont.
20 July (Thursday). Carentan.
21 July (Friday). Pount [Hébert].
22 July (Saturday). Saint Lo.
23 July (Sunday). Sevaunce.
24 July (Monday). Torteval.
25 July (7uesday). Funtenay Paynel.
26 July (Wednesday). Caen.
31 July (Monday). Treward.
1 August (Zuesday). Leoperty.
2 August (Wednesday). Lisieux.
4 August (Friday). Durenvile.
5 August (Saturday). Limburgh.
7 August (Monday). Oil de Boef.
8 August (Tuesday). Pount Vadreel.
9 August (Wednesday). Longville.
10 August (Thursday). Frenose.
11 August (Friday). Appone.
12 August (Saturday). Ferelaguillon.
13 August (Sunday). Poissy.
16 August (Wednesday). Grisy.
17 August (Thursday). Auty.
18 August (Friday). Trussereux.
19 August (Saturday). Somerreux.
20 August (Sunday). Canseamyneux.
21 August (Monday). Assheu.
24 August (Thursday). Sub foresta de Cressy.
25 August (Friday). In foresta de Cressy.
26 August (Saturday). Adhuc sub foresta de Cressy.
27 August (Sunday). Incampissub foresta de Cressy.
28 August (Monday). Valoles.
29 August (Twuesday). Mauntenay.
30 August (Wednesday). Saint Joce in Pountif.
31 August (Thursday). Chastelnoef.
2 September (Saturday). Vintevill.
3 September (Sunday). Vintevill.
4 September (Monday). Coram Calais.
Cotton MS. Cleopatra D. 7, f. 179
On comparing these two itineraries with that given in the text, it will be seen that there are certain discrepancies. In some instances these are no doubt due to mere blundering; but others may be accounted for as variations of three different statements written independently by persons marching with different battles of the army. Putting the three itineraries together, we can lay down the following route:
12 July, Wednesday. Landing at Saint-Vaast-de-la-Hougue. Baker has inadvertently dated this event the 13th July; but, as he speaks of the next day as Thursday, he is only wrong in the day of the month.
13 July, Thursday. Headquarters at Morsalines, only two or three miles from St. Vaast. The Kitchen Journal does not notice the removal. Halt of five days. The country wasted, and Barfleur burnt [on Friday, 14th July].
18 July, Tuesday. To Valognes, 9 miles S.W.
19 July, Wednesday. To Saint-Côme-du-Mont, just north of the river Douve, 14 miles S. by E. Cott. MS. fixes the halt at 'Caueny,' no doubt Coigny, 5 miles W. of Saint-Côme-du-Mont. Probably one of the battles lay there.
20 July, Thursday. Across the Douve to Carentan, only two or three miles.
21 July, Friday. The K. J. and Cott. MS. name Pont-Hébert, a town lying 11 miles S.E. of Carentan and about 4 miles N.W. of Saint-Lo, as the halting place for this day. Baker records the march to 'Serins,' Saint-Lo, and Torigni, and their destruction, and then gives Cormolain as the king's headquarters for the night. He has clearly compressed the events of two days into one. 'Serins' is probably a clerical error for Sevins, Sept-Vents or Sevans, the place which K. J. calls 'Sevance.' If 'Serins' were the correct reading, it might mean Ceérisy-la-Forêt or Cérisy-l'Abbaye, which however lies too much off the route.
22 July, Saturday. To Saint-Lo (K. J. and Cott. MS.)
23 July, Sunday. To Sept-Vents (K. J.) about 12 miles S.E. of Saint-Lo. Cormolain, mentioned by Baker and Cott MS., is not far from Sept-Vents, and may be reckoned as the halting-place of some part of the army.
24 July, Monday. To Torteval (K. J. and Cott. MS.), only about 5 miles E. of Cormolain. Baker makes this day's halt at 'Gerin,' a monastic cell, which may be identical with Cairon or le Quéron, a little S. of Fontenay-le-Pesnel.
25 July, Tuesday. To Fontenay-le-Pesnel (K. J.), 7 or 8 miles E. According to Cott. MS., only to Mauperthuis, just past Torteval.
26 July, Wednesday. To Caen; taken by assault. Halt of five days. Baker dates the capture of Caen on the day before, and makes the halt to last six days.
31 July, Monday. To 'Troward ' (Troarn), 8 miles E.; and Argences, 4 miles S. of Troarn.
I August, Tuesday. To Rumesnil, 9 miles E. K.J. fixes the stage at Leaupartie, which is quite close to Rumesnil; Cott MS. on the other hand, at Saint-Pierredu-Jonque on the left of the Dives, only about 5 miles E. by S. of Troarn.
2, 3 August, Wednesday and Thursday. To Lisieux, 9 miles E. by S. Halt of two days. Baker makes it three days.
4 August, Friday. To 'Lestintnoland' (Le Teil-Nollent), 14 miles E., or to Duranville (K. J.) adjoining Le Teil-Nollent.
5 August, Saturday. Through Brionne, 9 miles, to Le Neubourg, 9 miles further E. The latter place appears as 'Limburgh' in K.J. Cott. MS. makes a halt on both the 4th and 5th at Le Teil-Nollent.
6 August, Sunday. Apparently a halt.
7 August, Monday. To Elbeuf on the Seine, 11 miles N.E. 'Celebeef,' in Baker; 'Oil de Boef," in K. J. Cott. MS. makes the march to Elbeuf fall on Sunday, and continues a day in advance down to the 11th.
8 August, Tuesday. Passing Pont-de-l'Arche, to Léry, said to be on the Seine, but really on the Eure, 9 miles E. K. J. makes this stage halt at 'Pount Vadreel,' no doubt St-Cyr-de-Vaudreuil, a little S. of Léry.
9 August, Wednesday. Through Gaillon to Longueville, near Vernon. Longueville does not appear in the maps. Perhaps it was a suburb of Vernon; 17 miles S.E.
10 August, Thursday? Capture of the castle of Roche-blanche (not in the maps). This seems to be the 'chastel de la Roche,' of Cott. MS., there stated to have been captured on the 7th. Advance to Freneuse, 9 miles up the Seine, incorrectly called 'Frevile' by Baker.
11 August, Friday. Through Mantes, to Epone, 12 miles S.E.
12 August, Saturday. To Fresnes, 5 or 6 miles E. K. J. has 'Ferelaguillon,' which is no doubt a corruption of Fresnes-Ecquevilly.
13 August, Sunday. To Poissy, 6 miles E. According to Baker, the march to Fresnes was on Friday, and the arrival at Poissy on Saturday. Skirmish with a detachment from Amiens.
14, 15 August, Monday and Tuesday. Halt.
16 August, Wednesday. To Grisy, 14 miles N. Baker calls this place 'Gersile.'
17 August, Thursday. To Auteuil, 15 miles N.
18 August, Friday. To Troissereux, 10 miles N.W.
19 August, Saturday. To Sommereux, 15 miles N. In these last marches Baker still continues a day in advance, making the stage of Auteuil on Wednesday, and from thence to Sommereux on Thursday and Friday.
20 August, Sunday. Poissy taken. Then to Camps-en-Amienois (K. J. and Cott. MS.), 8 miles N. Baker refers the capture of Poissy alone to Sunday.
21, 22 August, Monday and Tuesday. To Airaines, 6 miles N. of Camps-enAmienois. Halt. K. J. has 'Assheu ' (Acheux) under date of the 21st; the king's kitchen must have been sent on far in advance.
23 August, Wednesday. To Acheux, 13 miles N.W.
24 August, Thursday. Passage of the Somme. Skirmish at Noyelle-sur-Mer, 8 miles N. Le Crotoy taken. Camp 'sub foresta de Cressy ' (K. J.).
25 August, Friday. Pass through the forest (Cott. MS.). 'In foresta' (K. J.). Attempt by the French to cross the river.
26 August, Saturday. In the open field before Crécy (Cott. MS.), about 8 miles N.E. of Noyelle. 'Adhuc sub foresta' (K. J.). The battle fought.
27 August, Sunday. On the field of battle. 'In campis sub foresta' (K. J.).
28 August, Monday. To 'Abbeville' (Cott. MS.) or 'Valoles' (K. J.), evidently Valloire-Abbaye, on the road to Maintenay.
29 August, Tuesday. To Maintenay, 8 or 9 miles N. of Crécy.
30 August, Wednesday. To Saint-Josse, 10. miles N.W.
31 August, 1 September, Thursday and Friday. To Neufchatel, 10 miles N. Halt. 2, 3 September (Saturday and Sunday). To Wissant (Cott. MS.), 18 miles N. K. J. says 'Vintevill,' i.e. Wimille, 10 miles N. Halt,
4 September (Monday). To Calais.
Note 2. Of the three here mentioned, Roger Mortimer was born about the year 1327, was restored to the earldom of March in April 1354, and died in 1360; William de Montacute, the young earl of Salisbury, was born in 1328, and died in 1397; and William de Roos was summoned to parliament in 1350, and died in the Holy Land in 1352.
On 13th July 1365 Charles Valois Archbishop of Lyons (age 28) was appointed Archbishop of Lyons.
On 13th July 1388 Blanche Aviz was born to King John I of Portugal (age 36) and Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal (age 28). She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She died aged less than one years old.
Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. The XIIIth Day of the said Monneth [13th July 1503], she departed from the fayd Place acompayned as befor: And half a Myll thens cam befor hyr Sir William Conyars, Scheryff of Yorkshire, very well drest, compayned of Sir William Skarguill. also well arayd. His Hors Harnays full of Campanes of Silver, and gylt. And ther was in ther Company many Gentylmen and oders, to the Nombre of 60 Horsys, well horsed, and honestly arayd, Ichon in the Liverays of their sayd Masters.
A Mylle from the sayd Place, the Sheryff of Nothynhamshyre toke hys Leve, and others of hys Felowschyp, and retorned ageyn.
From thens she drew to Doncastre [Map]. And halfe Way came Sir Edward Savage, and with hym Sir Rauf Ryder, well appoynted, and the Folks of ther Liverays, to the Nomber of 60 Horsys, well mounted.
Without the said Doncallre was the Mayor, Aldermen, and Bowrgesses on Foot, the wich resayved the sayd Quene (age 13). Thys doon, in fayr Aray she entred within the said Towne, according to the precedent Custome, and was lodged in the Freres Carmes [Map].
On 9th June 1511 William Courtenay 1st Earl Devon (age 36) died of pleurisy. His son Henry (age 15) succeeded 2nd Earl Devon. His widow Catherine York Countess Devon (age 31) subsequently took a vow of celibacy in the presence of Bishop Richard Fitzjames on 13th July 1511.
Diary of Edward VI. 13th July 1550. Sir Jhon Gatis sent into Essex to stope the going away of the ladie Marie (age 34), bicause it was credibly informed that Scipperus4 shuld stele her away to Antwerp, divers of her gentlemen were there, and Scipperus a litle befor came to see the landing placis.
Note 4. Scipperus (mentioned again by the King under the dates of the 27th July and 14th August) must have been a naval commander in the emperor's service. Sir John Hayward, misinterpreting the present passage, translates it, "Divers of her gentlemen departed thither (to Antwerp) before, and certain shippers (as they are termed) were discovered to view the English coast." (Life and Reign of King Edward VI.) "The emperor privately sent to England in July a certain Scepper, one of his principal councillors, for the purpose of carrying away the King's eldest sister, Mary; but, by God's blessing, the thing was discovered and prevented. Unless God had watched over his people, it would have been all over with them." Martin Micronius to Henry Bullinger, from London, Aug. 18, 1550, in Zurich Letters, ui. 568.
On 13th July 1551 John Wallop (age 61) died of sweating sickness.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 13th July 1551. The thirteenth day of July ded the old knyght and gentyll sir John [Wallop] (age 61) and knight of the noble order of the garter, and captain of the castle [of Guines], for he was a noble captain as ever was, the which I [pray] Jesus have mercy on his soul; and he was buried with standard and [banners] of his armes, coat armour, helmet, target of the garter, sw[ord,] and eight dozen of eschutcheons; and a marmed was his crest; and [in his] stead is chosen captain sir Andrew Dudley (age 44) knight of the ga[rter.]
Note. Death of sir John Wallop, K.G. He died and was buried at Guines. Full particulars of him will be found in Collins's Peerage, edit. 1779, v. 64, with an abstract of his will, dated May 22, 1551, in which he styled himself "lievtenant of the castill and countye of Guysnes." See "The Chronicle of Calais," p. 203.
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 13th July 1553. Note, thisse dale also sir John Gates (age 49) went oute. The morowe followinge ther was sent after the duke (age 49) the cartes with munytion and the ordenance.
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Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 13th July 1553. Therewith-all the first course for the lordes came uppe. Then the duke (age 49) did knit uppe his talke with theis words: "I have not spoken to you on this sorte upon any distrust I have of your truthes, of the which allwaies I have ever hitherto conceaved a trusty confidence; but I have put you in remembrance therof, what chaunce of variaunce soever might growe emongest you in myne absence; and this I praye you, wishe me no worse goode spede in this journey then ye wolde have to yourselves." "My lorde, (saith one of them,) yf ye mistrust eny of us in this matter, your grace is far deceaved; for which of us can wipe his. handes clene therof? And if we should shrincke from you as one that were culpable, which of us can excuse himself as guiltles? Therefore herein your doubt is too farre cast." "I praie God yt be so (quod the duke); let us go to dyner." And so they satt downe.
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 13th July 1553. By this tyme newes was brought that sir John Williams was also proclamyng quene Mary (age 37) in Oxfordeshire. From that tyme forwarde certayne of the counsayll, that is, the erle of Penbroke (age 52) and the lorde warden (age 68),b sought to go out of the Tower to consult in London, but could not as yet.
Note b. Thomas lord Cheney.
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 13th July 1553. About this tyme or therabouts the vj. shippes that were sent to lie befor Yarmothe [Map], that if she had fled to have taken hir, was by force of wether dreven into the haven, w(h)er about that quarters one maister Gerningham was ray sing power on quene Maryes (age 37) behalfe, and hering therof came thether. Wherupon the captaynes toke a bote and went to their shipes. Then the marynours axed maister Gernyngham what he wolde have, and wether he wolde have their captaynes or no; and he said, "Yea, mary." Saide they, "Ye shall have theym, or els we shall throwe theym to the bottom of the sea." The captaynes, seing this perplexity, saide furthwith they wolde serve quene Mary gladlie; and so cam fourthe with their men, and convayed certeyn great ordenaunce; of the which comyng in of the shipes the lady Mary and hir company were wonderfull joyous, and then afterwarde doubted smaly the duke's puisance. And as the comyng of the shipes moche rejoyced quene Mary's party, even so was it as great a hart-sore to the duke (age 49), and all his campe, whose hartes wer all-redy bent agaynst him. But after once the submyssyon of the shipes was knowne in the Tower [Map]a eche man then began to pluck in his homes; and, over that, worde of a greater mischief was brought to the Tower the noblemen's tenauntes refused to serve their lordes agaynst quene Mary. The duke he thought long for his succours, and writ somewhat sharplie to the counsayll here in that behalfe, aswell for lacke of men as munytion: but a slender answer he had agayn.
Note a. This passage, together with those that follow, shows that the Chronicler was still writing in the Tower of London.
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 13th July 1553. The xiij th daie ther cam dyverse gentyllmen with ther powers to quene Maries (age 37) suckour.
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 13th July 1553. The morrow following great preparation was made. The duke (age 49) early in the morning calleda for all his owne harnes, and sawe yt made redy. At Duram Place he apoynted all the retenue to mete. The same day cartes were laden with munytion, and artyllery and felde peces prepared for the purpose. The same forenoone he moved eftesones the counsell to sende theire powers after him, as yt was before determyned, which should have met him at Newmarket, and they promysed him they wolde. He saide further to some of them, "My lordes, I and theis other noble personages, and the hole army, that nowe go furthe, aswell for the behalfe of you and yours as for the establishing of the queues highnes, shall not onely adventer our bodyes and lives amongest the bludy strokes and cruell assaltes of our adversaryes in the open feldes, but also we do leave the conservacion of our selves, children, and fameUies at home here with you, as altogether comytted to your truths and fydellyties, whom if we thought you wolde through malice, conspiracie, or discentyon leave us your frendes in the breers and betray us, we coulde aswell sondery waies foresee and provide for our owne savegardes as eny of you by betraying us can do for youres. But now upon the onely truste and faythefullnes of your honnours, wherof we thincke ourselves moste assured, we do hassarde and jubarde our lives, which trust and promise yf ye shall violate, hoping therby of life and promotyon, yet shall not God counte you innocent of our bloodes, neither acquite you of the sacred and holley othe of allegiance made frely by you to this vertuouse lady the queues highenes, who by your and our enticement is rather of force placed therin then by hir owne seking and request Consider also that Goddes cause, which is the preferment of his worde and the feare of papestry's re-entrance, hathe been as ye have herebefore allwaies layed,b the oryginall grounde wherupon ye even at the first motyon granted your goode willes and concentes therunto, as by your handes writinges evidentlie apperith. And thincke not the contrary, but if ye meane deceat, thoughe not forthwith yet hereafter, God will revenge the same. I can sale no more; but in theis troblesome tyme wishe you to use constaunte hartes, abandoning all malice, envy, and privat affections."
Note a. Here commences our Manuscript, at f. 31 of the Harleian volume No. 194, as now incorrectly bound.
Note b. i. e. alleged; printed said in Stowe.
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Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 13th July 1553. By this tyme worde was broughte to the quene (age 17) at the Tower [Map] that sir Edmonde Peckham (age 58), sir Edward Hastings (age 32), and the lorde Windsore (age 54), with others, were upp proclayming quene Mary (age 37) in Buckinghamshire.a
Note a. See the commissions addressed to several commanders to suppress the rebellion in Buckinghamshire, in the Catalogue of State Papers of the reign of queen Jane in the Appendix.
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 13th July 1553. After the dyner the duke (age 49) went into the quene (age 17), wher his comyssion was by that tyme sealed for his liefetenantship of the armye, and ther he tooke his leave of hir; and so dyd certayn other lordes also. Then, as the duke cam thoroughe the counsayle chamber, he tooke his leave of the erle of Arundell (age 41), who praied God be with his grace; saying he was very sory yt was not his chaunce to go with him and beare him companye, in whose presence he coulde fynde in his harte to spende his bloode, even at his foote. Then my lorde of Arundell tooke also my lordes boy Thomas Lovell (age 27) by the hande, and saide, "Farewell, gentyll Thomas, with all my harte." Then the duke cam downe, and the lorde marques (age 41),a my lorde Grey, with diverse other, and went out of the Tower and tooke their boote and went to Dyrrame Place or Whithall, wher that night they musteryd their company in names, and the next day in the morning the duke departed, to the nomber of vj c men or theraboutes. And as they went thoroughe Shordyshe [Map], saieth the duke to one that rid by him,b "The people precec to se us, but not one sayeth God spede us."
Note a. The marquess of Northampton.
Note b. Stowe has altered this to the lord Grey.
Note c. presse in Stowe.
On 13th July 1597 Dorothea Sibylle Oldenburg was born to John "Younger" Oldenburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg (age 52) and Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt (age 24). She died aged less than one years old.
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Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 13th July 1608 Ferdinand III Holy Roman Emperor was born to Ferdinand of Spain II Holy Roman Emperor (age 30) and Maria Anna Wittelsbach Holy Roman Empress (age 33). Coefficient of inbreeding 11.68%. He married (1) 20th February 1631 his first cousin Maria Anna of Spain Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Philip III King Spain and Margaret of Austria Queen Consort Spain, and had issue (2) 2nd July 1648 his first cousin Maria Leopoldine Habsburg Spain Queen Consort Bohemia and had issue (3) 30th April 1651 his second cousin twice removed Eleonora Gonzaga Queen Consort Bohemia, daughter of Charles Gonzaga Duke Nevers Duke Rethel and Maria Gonzaga Duchess of Montferrat, and had issue.
On 13th July 1643 a Royalist cavalry force under Lord Wilmot (age 30) won a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Army of the West under Sir William Waller (age 46) at Roundway Down Devizes, Wiltshire.
Maurice Palatinate Simmern (age 22) fought.
John Evelyn's Diary. 13th July 1654. We all dined at that most obliging and universally-curious Dr. Wilkins's (age 40), at Wadham College. He was the first who showed me the transparent apiaries, which he had built like castles and palaces, and so ordered them one upon another, as to take the honey without destroying the bees. These were adorned with a variety of dials, little statues, vanes, etc.; and, he was so abundantly civil, finding me pleased with them, to present me with one of the hives which he had empty, and which I afterward had in my garden at Sayes Court [Map], where it continued many years, and which his Majesty (age 24) came on purpose to see and contemplate with much satisfaction. He had also contrived a hollow statue, which gave a voice and uttered words by a long, concealed pipe that went to its mouth, while one speaks through it at a good distance. He had, above in his lodgings and gallery, variety of shadows, dials, perspectives, and many other artificial, mathematical, and magical curiosities, a waywiser, a thermometer, a monstrous magnet, conic, and other sections, a balance on a demi-circle; most of them of his own, and that prodigious young scholar Mr. Christopher Wren, who presented me with a piece of white marble, which he had stained with a lively red, very deep, as beautiful as if it had been natural.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1660. Up early, the first day that I put on my black camlett coat with silver buttons. To Mr. Spong, whom I found in his night-down writing of my patent, and he had done as far as he could "for that &c". by 8 o'clock. It being done, we carried it to Worcester House to the Chancellor, where Mr. Kipps (a strange providence that he should now be in a condition to do me a kindness, which I never thought him capable of doing for me), got me the Chancellor's receipt to my bill; and so carried it to Mr. Beale (age 28) for a dockett; but he was very angry, and unwilling to do it, because he said it was ill writ (because I had got it writ by another hand, and not by him); but by much importunity I got Mr. Spong to go to his office and make an end of my patent; and in the mean time Mr. Beale to be preparing my dockett, which being done, I did give him two pieces, after which it was strange how civil and tractable he was to me. From thence I went to the Navy office, where we despatched much business, and resolved of the houses for the Officers and Commissioners, which I was glad of, and I got leave to have a door made me into the leads. From thence, much troubled in mind about my patent, I went to Mr. Beale again, who had now finished my patent and made it ready for the Seal, about an hour after I went to meet him at the Chancellor's. So I went away towards Westminster, and in my way met with Mr. Spong, and went with him to Mr. Lilly (age 41) and ate some bread and cheese, and drank with him, who still would be giving me council of getting my patent out, for fear of another change, and my Lord Montagu's fall. After that to Worcester House, where by Mr. Kipps's means, and my pressing in General Montagu's name to the Chancellor, I did, beyond all expectation, get my seal passed; and while it was doing in one room, I was forced to keep Sir G. Carteret (age 50) (who by chance met me there, ignorant of my business) in talk, while it was a doing. Went home and brought my wife with me into London, and some money, with which I paid Mr. Beale £9 in all, and took my patent of him and went to my wife again, whom I had left in a coach at the door of Hinde Court, and presented her with my patent at which she was overjoyed; so to the Navy office, and showed her my house, and were both mightily pleased at all things there, and so to my business. So home with her, leaving her at her mother's door. I to my Lord's, where I dispatched an order for a ship to fetch Sir R. Honywood home, for which I got two pieces of my Lady Honywood by young Mr. Powell. Late writing letters; and great doings of music at the next house, which was Whally's; the King and Dukes there with Madame Palmer (age 19)1, a pretty woman that they have a fancy to, to make her husband a cuckold. Here at the old door that did go into his lodgings, my Lord, I, and W. Howe, did stand listening a great while to the music. After that home to bed. This day I should have been at Guildhall to have borne witness for my brother Hawly against Black Collar, but I could not, at which I was troubled. To bed with the greatest quiet of mind that I have had a great while, having ate nothing but a bit of bread and cheese at Lilly's to-day, and a bit of bread and butter after I was a-bed.
Note 1. Barbara Villiers, only child of William, second Viscount Grandison, born November, 1640, married April 14th, 1659, to Roger Palmer (age 26), created Earl of Castlemaine, 1661. She became the King's (age 30) mistress soon after the Restoration, and was in 1670 made Lady Nonsuch, Countess of Southampton, and Duchess of Cleveland. She had six children by the King, one of them being created Duke of Grafton, and the eldest son succeeding her as Duke of Cleveland. She subsequently married Beau Fielding (age 10), whom she prosecuted for bigamy. She died October 9th, 1709, aged sixty-nine. Her life was written by G. Steinman Steinman, and privately printed 1871, with addenda 1874, and second addenda 1878.
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John Evelyn's Diary. 13th July 1662. Spent some time with the Lord Chancellor (age 53), where I had discourse with my Lord Willoughby, Governor of Barbadoes, concerning divers particulars of that colony.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1663. By and by the King (age 33) and Queen (age 24), who looked in this dress (a white laced waistcoat and a crimson short pettycoat, and her hair dressed ci la negligence) mighty pretty; and the King rode hand in hand with her. Here was also my Baroness Castlemaine (age 22) rode among the rest of the ladies; but the King took, methought, no notice of her; nor when they 'light did any body press (as she seemed to expect, and staid for it) to take her down, but was taken down by her own gentleman. She looked mighty out of humour, and had a yellow plume in her hat (which all took notice of), and yet is very handsome, but very melancholy: nor did any body speak to her, or she so much as smile or speak to any body. I followed them up into White Hall, and into the Queen's presence, where all the ladies walked, talking and fiddling with their hats and feathers, and changing and trying one another's by one another's heads, and laughing. But it was the finest sight to me, considering their great beautys and dress, that ever I did see in all my life. But, above all, Mrs. Stewart (age 16) in this dress, with her hat cocked and a red plume, with her sweet eye, little Roman nose, and excellent taille, is now the greatest beauty I ever saw, I think, in my life; and, if ever woman can, do exceed my Baroness Castlemaine's, at least in this dress nor do I wonder if the King changes, which I verily believe is the reason of his coldness to my Baroness Castlemaine's. Here late, with much ado I left to look upon them, and went away, and by water, in a boat with other strange company, there being no other to be had, and out of him into a sculler half to the bridge, and so home and to Sir W. Batten (age 62), where I staid telling him and Sir J. Minnes (age 64) and Mrs. Turner (age 40), with great mirth, my being frighted at Chatham, Kent [Map] by young Edgeborough, and so home to supper and to bed, before I sleep fancying myself to sport with Mrs. Stewart with great pleasure.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1663. Thence by water to Whitehall, and so walked to St. James's, but missed Mr. Coventry (age 35). I met the Queen-Mother (age 53) walking in the Pell Mell [Map], led by my Lord St. Alban's (age 58). And finding many coaches at the Gate, I found upon enquiry that the Duchess (age 26) is brought to bed of a boy; and hearing that the King (age 33) and Queen (age 24) are rode abroad with the Ladies of Honour to the Park, and seeing a great crowd of gallants staying here to see their return, I also staid walking up and down, and among others spying a man like Mr. Pembleton (though I have little reason to think it should be he, speaking and discoursing long with my Lord D'Aubigne (age 43)), yet how my blood did rise in my face, and I fell into a sweat from my old jealousy and hate, which I pray God remove from me.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1663. Home I found all well there, and after dressing myself, I walked to the Temple; and there, from my cozen Roger (age 46), hear that the judges have this day brought in their answer to the Lords, That the articles against my Chancellor (age 54) are not Treason; and to-morrow they are to bring in their arguments to the House for the same. This day also the King (age 33) did send by my Lord Chamberlain (age 61) to the Lords, to tell them from him, that the most of the articles against my Chancellor he himself knows to be false.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1664. Up and to my office, at noon (after having at an alehouse hard by discoursed with one Mr. Tyler, a neighbour, and one Captain Sanders about the discovery of some pursers that have sold their provisions) I to my Lord Sandwich (age 38), thinking to have dined there, but they not dining at home, I with Captain Ferrers to Mr. Barwell the King's Squire Sadler, where about this time twelvemonths I dined before at a good venison pasty. The like we had now, and very good company, Mr. Tresham and others.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1664. So by water home, and there met Lanyon, &c., about Tangier matters, and so late to my office, and thence home and to bed. Mr. Moore was with me late to desire me to come to my Lord Sandwich (age 38) tomorrow morning, which I shall, but I wonder what my business is.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1665. There come to dinner, they haveing dined, but my Lady caused something to be brought for me, and I dined well and mighty merry, especially my Lady Slaning and I about eating of creame and brown bread, which she loves as much as I Thence after long discourse with them and my Lady alone, I and [my] wife, who by agreement met here, took leave, and I saw my wife a little way down (it troubling me that this absence makes us a little strange instead of more fond), and so parted, and I home to some letters, and then home to bed. Above 700 died of the plague this week.
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Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1667. After rising, my Lord Anglesey (age 53), this being the second time of his being with us, did take me aside and asked me where I lived, because he would be glad to have some discourse with me. This I liked well enough, and told him I would wait upon him, which I will do, and so all broke up, and I home to dinner, where Mr. Pierce dined with us, who tells us what troubles me, that my Lord Buckhurst (age 24) hath got Nell (age 17) away from the King's house, lies with her, and gives her £100 a year, so as she hath sent her parts to the house, and will act no more1.
Note 1. Lord Buckhurst and Nell Gwyn, with the help of Sir Charles Sedley (age 28), kept "merry house" at Epsom next door to the King's Head Inn (see Cunningham's "Story of Nell Gwyn", ed. 1892, p. 57).
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1667. And yesterday Sir Thomas Crew (age 43) told me that Lacy (age 52) lies a-dying of the pox, and yet hath his whore by him, whom he will have to look on, he says, though he can do no more; nor would receive any ghostly advice from a Bishop, an old acquaintance of his, that went to see him. He says there is a strangeness between the King (age 37) and my Baroness Castlemayne (age 26), as I was told yesterday.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1668. Thence to Reeves's, and there saw some, and bespoke a little perspective, and was mightily pleased with seeing objects in a dark room. And so to Cooper's (age 59), and spent the afternoon with them; and it will be an excellent picture.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 13th July 1668. Up, and to my office, and thence by water to White Hall to attend the Council, but did not, and so home to dinner, and so out with my wife, and Deb., and W. Hewer (age 26) towards Cooper's (age 59), but I 'light and walked to Ducke Lane [Map], and there to the bookseller's; at the Bible, whose moher je have a mind to, but elle no erat dentro, but I did there look upon and buy some books, and made way for coming again to the man, which pleases me.
On 13th July 1683 Arthur Capell 1st Earl Essex (age 51) committed suicide at the Tower of London [Map]. He was buried at St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London [Map]. He was said to have been discovered in his chamber with his throat cut whilst awaiting execution for treason. His son Algernon (age 12) succeeded 2nd Earl Essex, 3rd Baron Capell Hadham.
John Evelyn's Diary. 13th July 1683. The fatal news coming to Hicks's Hall upon the article of my Lord Russell's (age 43) trial, was said to have had no little influence on the Jury and all the Bench to his prejudice. Others said that he had himself on some occasions hinted that in case he should be in danger of having his life taken from him by any public misfortune, those who thirsted for his estate should miss of their aim; and that he should speak favorably of that Earl of Northumberland, and some others, who made away with themselves; but these are discourses so unlike his sober and prudent conversation that I have no inclination to credit them. What might instigate him to this devilish act, I am not able to conjecture. My Lord Clarendon, his brother-in-law, who was with him but the day before, assured me he was then very cheerful, and declared it to be the effect of his innocence and loyalty; and most believe that his Majesty (age 53) had no severe intentions against him, though he was altogether inexorable as to Lord Russell and some of the rest. For my part, I believe the crafty and ambitious Earl of Shaftesbury had brought them into some dislike of the present carriage of matters at Court, not with any design of destroying the monarchy (which Shaftesbury had in confidence and for unanswerable reasons told me he would support to his last breath, as having seen and felt the misery of being under mechanic tyranny), but perhaps of setting up some other whom he might govern, and frame to his own platonic fancy, without much regard to the religion established under the hierarchy, for which he had no esteem; but when he perceived those whom he had engaged to rise, fail of his expectations, and the day past, reproaching his accomplices that a second day for an exploit of this nature was never successful, he gave them the slip, and got into Holland, where the fox died, three months before these unhappy Lords and others were discovered or suspected. Every one deplored Essex (age 51) and Russell, especially the last, as being thought to have been drawn in on pretense only of endeavoring to rescue the King from his present councilors, and secure religion from Popery, and the nation from arbitrary government, now so much apprehended; while the rest of those who were fled, especially Ferguson and his gang, had doubtless some bloody design to get up a Commonwealth, and turn all things topsy-turvy. Of the same tragical principles is Sydney.
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John Evelyn's Diary. 13th July 1683. As I was visiting Sir Thomas Yarborough and his Lady, in Covent Garden [Map], the astonishing news was brought to us of the Earl of Essex (age 51) having cut his throat, having been but three days a prisoner in the Tower [Map], and this happened on the very day and instant that Lord Russell (age 43) was on his trial, and had sentence of death [See Rye House Plot.]. This accident exceedingly amazed me, my Lord Essex being so well known by me to be a person of such sober and religious deportment, so well at his ease, and so much obliged to the King (age 53). It is certain the King and Duke (age 49) were at the Tower, and passed by his window about the same time this morning, when my Lord asking for a razor, shut himself into a closet, and perpetrated the horrid act. Yet it was wondered by some how it was possible he should do it in the manner he was found, for the wound was so deep and wide, that being cut through the gullet, windpipe, and both the jugulars, it reached to the very vertebræ of the neck, so that the head held to it by a very little skin as it were; the gapping too of the razor, and cutting his own fingers, was a little strange; but more, that having passed the jugulars he should have strength to proceed so far, that an executioner could hardly have done more with an ax. There were odd reflections upon it.
John Evelyn's Diary. 13th July 1693. I saw the Queen's (age 31) rare cabinets and collection of china; which was wonderfully rich and plentiful, but especially a large cabinet, looking-glass frame and stands, all of amber, much of it white, with historical bas-reliefs and statues, with medals carved in them, esteemed worth £4,000, sent by the Duke of Brandenburgh, whose country, Prussia, abounds with amber, cast up by the sea; divers other China and Indian cabinets, screens, and hangings. In her library were many books in English, French, and Dutch, of all sorts; a cupboard of gold plate; a cabinet of silver filagree, which I think was our Queen Mary's, and which, in my opinion, should have been generously sent to her.
John Evelyn's Diary. 13th July 1700. I went to Harden, which was originally a barren warren bought by Sir Robert Clayton (age 71), who built there a pretty house, and made such alteration by planting not only an infinite store of the best fruit; but so changed the natural situation of the hill, valleys, and solitary mountains about it, that it rather represented some foreign country, which would produce spontaneously pines, firs, cypress, yew, holly, and juniper; they were come to their perfect growth, with walks, mazes, etc., among them, and were preserved with the utmost care, so that I who had seen it some years before in its naked and barren condition, was in admiration of it. The land was bought of Sir John Evelyn, of Godstone, and was thus improved for pleasure and retirement by the vast charge and industry of this opulent citizen. He and his lady received us with great civility. The tombs in the church at Croydon of Archbishops Grindal, Whitgift, and other Archbishops, are fine and venerable; but none comparable to that of the late Archbishop Sheldon, which, being all of white marble, and of a stately ordinance and carvings, far surpassed the rest, and I judge could not cost less than £700 or £800.
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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
Describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience.
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After 13th July 1702. Memorial to George Vernon (deceased) and his daughter Anna-Catherina Vernon at All Saints Church, Sudbury [Map].
Anna-Catherina Vernon: he was born to George Vernon and Margaret Onley. On 30th June 1744 Anna-Catherina Vernon died
On 13th July 1789 Clotworthy Skeffington 2nd Earl Massereene (age 47) was freed when a mob freed the prisoners at La Force Prison a day before the Storming of the Bastille.
On 13th July 1798 Charlotte Hohenzollern was born to Frederick William III King Prussia (age 27) and Queen Louise of Prussia (age 22). She married 13th July 1817 her third cousin Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and had issue.
The London Gazette 15374. Whitehall, June 13, 1801.
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto the Right Honorable General Sir Charles Grey (age 71), KB aud the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile, and Title of Baron Grey, of Howick, in the County of Northumberland.
On 13th July 1807 Cardinal Henry Benedict Stewart (age 82) died.
On 13th July 1809 John Douglas Montagu Scott was born to Charles Scott 4th Duke Buccleuch 6th Duke Queensberry (age 37) and Harriet Katherine Townshend Duchess Buccleuch Duchess Queensbury (age 35). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.60%.
On 13th July 1811 George Gilbert Scott was born.
The London Gazette 18259. Whitehall, June 13, 1826.
The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities, of Earl and Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Frederick William (age 56) Earl of Bristol, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles and titles of Earl Jermyn, of Horningsherth, in the county of Suffolk, and Marquess of Bristol.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the-Great Seal, granting the, dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto William Marquess of Thomond, Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Tadcaster, of Tadcaster, in the county of York
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Ulick John (age 23) Marquess of Clanricarde, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Somerhill, of Somerhill, in the county of Kent.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Jaines Earl of Balcarres, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Wigan, of Haigh-Hall, in the county palatine of Lancaster,
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Thomas Viscount Northland, and the heir's male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Ranfurly, of Ramphorlie, in the county of Renfrew.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron ot the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto the Right Honourable Sir Charles Long, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Farnborough, of Bromley-Hill-Place, in the county of Kent.
The King has also Seen pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Sir John Fleming Leicester, Baronet, Colonel of His Majesty's Regiment of Cheshire Yeomanry, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and, stile of Baron De Tabley, of Tabley-House, in the county palatine of Chester.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto James Archibald Stuart Wortley Mackenzie (age 49), of Wortley-Hall, in the county of York, and of Belmont-Castle, in the county of Perth, Esquire, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Wharncliffe, of Wortley, in the said county of York. [Elizabeth Caroline Mary Crichton Baroness Wharncliffe (age 48) by marriage Baroness Wharncliffe of Wortley in Yorkshire.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Charles Duncombe (age 61), Esquire, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Feversham, of Duncombe-Park, in the county of York. [. Charlotte Legge Baroness Feversham Duncombe Park (age 51) by marriage Baroness Feversham of Duncombe Park in Yorkshire.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto Chharles Rose-Ellis, Esquire, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Seaford, of Seafod, in the county of Sussex.
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On 13th July 1831 James Northcote (age 84) died.
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The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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Ten Years' Digging. July I3th, a tumulus on Calton Moor, called Thorncliff; about a mile from the village of Calton, was opened. It is a large bowl-shaped barrow, 26 yards diameter, considerably elevated in the middle. We commenced a section four feet wide through the centre, cutting first through a mixture of earth and small stones, in which lay a very slender skeleton, measuring 5 feet 6 inches in length, which had been deposited at fnll length on its right side, about four feet east of the centre of the barrow, and not more than a foot beneath the turf, probably an interment of much later date than the barrow itself; we next encountered a stratum of clay 4 feet thick, below which were loose stones, then small stones mixed with clay down to the natural surface, where we found a rock grave extending under the east side of the moimd, which was cleared out to the depth of three feet without our arriving at the bottom. Being now four yards from the summit, at an advanced hour in the day, we attempted to reach the floor of the grave by undermining the stratum of clay forming an arch over the grave, but having undercut it to the extent of six feet, we very fortunately abandoned the work as unsafe shortly before it fell in, and terminated both the day's labour and the chance of discovering the original interment. Animal bones and pieces of flint were found below the clay. Although the arrangement of this volume is chronological, we may be allowed to deviate from it in this instance, for the sake of finishing the account of the contents of the grave; which were discovered on the 29th and 30th of August, when the direction of the grave being known, we sunk down upon it, and after working upwards of a day and a half, had the satisfaction of finding, at a depth of more than four yards from the surface, the primary deposit in this difficult barrow; namely, the remains of a large skeleton, accompanied bu a neat instrument of flint and a bronze dagger, with three rivets of the usual form, but broken, perhaps by the pressure of some very large stones with which the grave was filled, and in consequence of which our labours were rendered much more arduous.
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Ten Years' Digging. On the 13th of July we re-opened the large barrow at End Low [Map], which was first attempted in 1843, without our finding the primary interment. Our researches this time resulted in the discovery of the remains of the original occupant, which were, after the expenditure of much labour, found in a cist cut down in the rock to the depth of six feet beneath the natural surface, and upwards of ten feet from the top of the barrow. The skeleton was that of a finely proportioned man, rather above the middle size, and was in good preservation, with the exception of the head, which was decayed at the left side, from contact with the floor of the grave. The bones lay apparently without much regularity, which was attribute able to the settling down of the stones upon the body during the process of decay. At a small distance from them was a bronze dagger and spear head of flint, of a grey colour. The grave was bounded on three sides by rock, and the remaining one was walled up to a level with them with loose limestones. The skull is engraved in the Crania Britannica, and is described by the learned writer as "a well-formed head, presenting very clearly the conformation of the true ancient British cranium, of which it may be regarded as belonging to the typical scries". The femur measures 18.8 inches.
On 13th July 1848 Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams Duchess Wellington was born to Robert Williams (age 38). She married 24th October 1872 Arthur Charles Wellesley 4th Duke Wellington and had issue.
Silbury Hill by C Tucker. By Friday evening the 13th [July 1849], the tunnel had extended to 94 feet from the entrance, about one-third of the whole intended length, by which it was calculated the centre of the hill would be attained. The work thus far was carried through the natural soil, a vein of hard undisturbed chalk, and proceeded in an upward direction, at an inclination of 1 in 28: the artificial soil was cut into at 33 yards from the entrance; the work was then carried on through 18 inches of the artificial earth and 5 feet of the original soil, presuming that by this means any sepulchral remains must be discovered if they existed. The excavation was carried in this way 54 yards, at which distance, according to the survey made, the original centre of construction, or true centre of the hill would be attained. The tunnel, however, did not strike the shaft sunk by the Duke of Northumberland, although, as it afterwards appeared, it was within 4 inches of it. The next step taken was to make several lateral excavations to the east and west near the end of the tunnel.
Adeline Horsey Recollections. 13th July 1851Fate then threw Constance (age 21) across Lord Dupplin's (age 23) path, with the result that the tragedy began.
I knew Blanche Dupplin (age 23) very well, and often when I was lunching with her she would tell me sorrowfully about her husband's infatuation. "It is useless to expostulate", said Blanche; "Dupplin will not abandon the affair, and I don't know how it will end if William Ward (age 34) finds out his wife's infidelity".
Matters came to a crisis at a fancy dress ball given by Lady Londonderry (age 22) at Holderness House, the chief feature being a quadrille danced by ladies representing famous European queens. I met the Wards there; Constance looked delicate, and early in the evening she said she felt ill and must go home. She came over to where her husband and I were standing, and asked him whether he intended to accompany her.
"No, I shall stay", said Lord Ward, "I mean to have several dances with Miss de Horsey. Go home by all means if you are tired".
Constance was enceinte [pregnant], so her absence excited no comment as she was far from strong. Her husband remained until nearly 3 a.m., when he departed for his house in Park Lane - it was daylight, and, as he approached the house, he suddenly noticed a man leaving it. Their eyes met; it was Lord Dupplin, who turned and ran for his life down the street.
Lord Ward entered, and startled the sleepy footman by telling him to rouse the servants and bid them assemble in the hall. He then went upstairs to his wife's bedroom.
What passed between them was told by Constance to a friend; her husband came to her bedside and accused her of committing adultery with Lord Dupplin. "Get up, madame", he continued, "my house is yours no longer; arrangements shall be made for your future, but henceforth you are no wife of mine".
Tears and entreaties were useless, and Constance was obliged to dress; William Ward then led her past the scandalised servants who were waiting downstairs, and - turned her out of doors.
The poor frightened girl managed to reach her parents' house in Grosvenor Crescent, and implored them to give her shelter, but they were as heartless as her husband, and told her they could not take her in. More dead than alive, she turned her steps to Conduit Street, where her singing-master lived, and this gentleman, full of compassion for his unfortunate pupil, allowed her to remain there until the next day, when she went to Ostend.
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The Times. 14th February 1873. DEATH OF Baroness Cadogan. We have to announce the death of the Countess Cadogan (deceased), which occurred on Tuesday at Cadogan House, Belgravia. The deceased, who had long been an invalid, was the third daughter of the late Hon. and Rev. Gerald V. Wesley D.D., and Lady Emily, eldest daughter of the first Earl Cadogan. She was born in February, 1812 [NOTE. Sources state 16th January 1808], and married July 13, 1836, her cousin, the present Lord Cadogan (age 60), then Viscount Chelsea. She leaves issue four sons and a daughter.
On 13th July 1880 Emma Howard (age 61) died. She was buried at St Lawrence's Church, Denton.
Emma Howard: On 20th September 1818 she was born to John Howard and Elizabeth m Howard.
On 13th July 1889 Louise Mountbatten Queen Consort Sweden was born to Prince Louis of Battenburg 1st Marquess Milford Haven (age 35) and Victoria Hesse Darmstadt Marchioness Milford Haven (age 26). She a great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.61%. She married 3rd November 1923 her fifth cousin once removed Gustaf Adolph VI King Sweden.
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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
Describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience.
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The London Gazette 28270. Board of Green Cloth, BucKingham Palace, July 13, 1909.
The King has been pleased to make the following appointment in His Majesty's Household:—
Arthur William de Brito Savile (age 39), Earl of Liverpool, M.V.O., to be Comptroller of His Majesty's Household, in the room of Alexander William Charles Oliphant, Master of Elibank, M.P., resigned.
On 13th July 1918 Second Lieutenant Oda Louis David Mackay Simpson (age 33) was killed in action at Ridge Wood Ypres. He was unmarried. He was buried at Nine Elms British Cemetery Poperinghe Ypres Plot XIV. Row A, Grave 8.
On 13th July 1923 Charles Oliver Edward Fitzroy was born to Charles Alfred Euston Fitzroy 10th Duke Grafton (age 31) and Doreen Buxton Duchess Grafton (age 25).
On 28th July 1923 Doreen Buxton Duchess Grafton (age 25) died from childbirth after giving birth to her third child Charles Oliver Edward Fitzroy on 13th July 1923.
On 13th July 1966 Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera (age 82) died at El Botánico.
On 13th July 1985 Live Aid was two Concerts held in London and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which raised around £150 million for famine relief.
On 13th July 1266 John Plantagenet was born to King Edward I of England (age 27) and Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England (age 25). He died aged five in 1271.
On 13th July 1388 Blanche Aviz was born to King John I of Portugal (age 36) and Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal (age 28). She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She died aged less than one years old.
On 13th July 1426 Anne Beauchamp 16th Countess Warwick was born to Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 44) and Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester (age 25) at Caversham Castle [Map]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married 1436 her third cousin Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury, son of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury and Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury, and had issue.
On 13th July 1597 Dorothea Sibylle Oldenburg was born to John "Younger" Oldenburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg (age 52) and Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt (age 24). She died aged less than one years old.
On 13th July 1608 Ferdinand III Holy Roman Emperor was born to Ferdinand of Spain II Holy Roman Emperor (age 30) and Maria Anna Wittelsbach Holy Roman Empress (age 33). Coefficient of inbreeding 11.68%. He married (1) 20th February 1631 his first cousin Maria Anna of Spain Holy Roman Empress, daughter of Philip III King Spain and Margaret of Austria Queen Consort Spain, and had issue (2) 2nd July 1648 his first cousin Maria Leopoldine Habsburg Spain Queen Consort Bohemia and had issue (3) 30th April 1651 his second cousin twice removed Eleonora Gonzaga Queen Consort Bohemia, daughter of Charles Gonzaga Duke Nevers Duke Rethel and Maria Gonzaga Duchess of Montferrat, and had issue.
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Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 13th July 1626 Letitia Hicks Countess Donegal was born to William Hicks 1st Baronet (age 30) and Margaret Paget Lady Beverston (age 22). She married 13th August 1651 Arthur Chichester 1st Earl Donegal, son of Edward Chichester 1st Viscount Chichester and Anne Copleston, and had issue.
On 13th July 1636 Margaret Tufton Baroness Coventry was born to John Tufton 2nd Earl of Thanet (age 27) and Margaret Sackville Countess Isle Thanet (age 22). She married 18th July 1653 George Coventry 3rd Baron Coventry, son of Thomas Coventry 2nd Baron Coventry and Mary Craven, and had issue.
On 13th July 1674 James Annesley 3rd Earl Anglesey was born to James Annesley 2nd Earl Anglesey (age 29) and Elizabeth Manners Countess Anglesey (age 20). He married October 1699 his fourth cousin twice removed Catherine Darnley Duchess Buckingham and Normandby, daughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland and Catherine Sedley Countess Dorchester and Portmore, and had issue.
On 13th July 1685 Lewis Shirley was born to Robert Shirley 1st Earl Ferrers (age 34) and Elizabeth Washington Baroness Ferrers Chartley.
On 13th July 1751 George Mason aka Villiers 2nd Earl Grandison was born to Alan Mason Viscount Grandison and Elizabeth Fitzgerald Villiers 1st Countess Grandison. He married 10th February 1772 his fourth cousin once removed Gertrude Seymour-Conway, daughter of Francis Seymour-Conway 1st Marquess Hertford and Isabella Fitzroy Countess Hertford, and had issue.
On 13th July 1765 Richard Cavendish 2nd Baron Waterpark was born to Henry Cavendish 2nd Baronet (age 32) and Sarah Bradshaw 1st Baroness Waterpark (age 24). He married 6th August 1789 Juliana Cooper Baroness Waterpark and had issue.
On 13th July 1784 George Waldegrave 5th Earl Waldegrave was born to George Waldegrave 4th Earl Waldegrave (age 32) and Elizabeth Laura Waldegrave Countess Waldegrave (age 24). He a great x 3 grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.28%. He died aged nine in 1794.
On 13th July 1785 Thomas Haggerston 6th Baronet was born to Thomas Haggerston.
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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
Describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 13th July 1796 Edward Lascelles was born to Henry Lascelles 2nd Earl Harewood (age 28) and Henrietta Sebright Countess Harewood.
On 13th July 1798 Charlotte Hohenzollern was born to Frederick William III King Prussia (age 27) and Queen Louise of Prussia (age 22). She married 13th July 1817 her third cousin Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and had issue.
On 13th July 1802 Charles Stourton 19th Baron Stourton was born to William Joseph Stourton 18th Baron Stourton (age 26). He married 1st August 1825 his fifth cousin Mary Lucy Clifford Baroness Stourton, daughter of Charles Clifford Clifford 6th Baron Clifford Chudleigh and Eleanor Mary Arundell Baroness Clifford Chudleigh, and had issue.
On 13th July 1807 Sophia Marsham was born to Charles Marsham 2nd Earl Romney (age 29) and Sophia Pitt Countess Romney. She married 17th April 1837 Peter Richard Hoare and had issue.
On 13th July 1809 John Douglas Montagu Scott was born to Charles Scott 4th Duke Buccleuch 6th Duke Queensberry (age 37) and Harriet Katherine Townshend Duchess Buccleuch Duchess Queensbury (age 35). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.60%.
On 13th July 1811 George Gilbert Scott was born.
On 13th July 1813 John Armine Morris 3rd Baronet was born to John Morris 2nd Baronet (age 37) and Lucy Juliana Byng Lady Morris (age 23).
On 13th July 1832 Thomas Roe 1st Baron Roe was born.
On 13th July 1839 Edward Montagu 8th Earl Sandwich was born to John William Montagu 7th Earl Sandwich (age 27) and Mary Paget Countess Sandwich (age 27).
On 13th July 1840 Charles Rushout 3rd Baronet was born to Charles Cockerell aka Rushout 2nd Baronet (age 31) and Cecilia Olivia Foley Lady Cockerell.
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Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 13th July 1843 Elliot Constantine Yorke was born to Charles Yorke 4th Earl of Hardwicke (age 44) and Susan Liddell Countess Hardwicke (age 33). He married 11th February 1873 Annie Henrietta Rothschild, daughter of Anthony Rothschild 1st Baronet and Louisa Montefiore Lady Rothschild.
On 13th July 1848 Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams Duchess Wellington was born to Robert Williams (age 38). She married 24th October 1872 Arthur Charles Wellesley 4th Duke Wellington and had issue.
On 13th July 1849 Charles John Spencer Compton was born to William Compton 4th Marquess Northampton (age 31).
On 13th July 1853 Henry Abdy 4th Baronet was born to Thomas Neville Abdy 1st Baronet (age 42) and Harriet Alston. He married 22nd March 1891 Anna Adele Coronn and had issue.
On 13th July 1869 Lawrence William Palk 3rd Baron Haldon was born to Lawrence Hesketh Palk 2nd Baron Haldon (age 22) and Constance Mary Barrington Baroness Haldon (age 22).
On 13th July 1877 Arthur Orlando Wolstan Cecil Weld-Forester was born to Cecil Weld-Forester 5th Baron Forester (age 34) with his twin brother.
On 13th July 1889 Louise Mountbatten Queen Consort Sweden was born to Prince Louis of Battenburg 1st Marquess Milford Haven (age 35) and Victoria Hesse Darmstadt Marchioness Milford Haven (age 26). She a great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.61%. She married 3rd November 1923 her fifth cousin once removed Gustaf Adolph VI King Sweden.
On 13th July 1893 Evan Morgan 2nd Viscount Tredegar was born to Courtenay Morgan 1st Viscount Tredegar (age 26) and Katherine Agnes Blanche Carnegie Viscountess Tredegar (age 26). He married 1st April 1928 Lois Sturt, daughter of Humphrey Napier Sturt 2nd Baron Alington and Feodorowna Yorke Baroness Alington.
On 13th July 1896 Clarissa Madeline Tennant Baroness Tennyson was born to Edward Tennant 1st Baron Glenconner (age 37) and Pamela Wyndham Viscountess Grey (age 25). She married 27th March 1918 Major Lionel Hallam Tennyson 3rd Baron Tennyson, son of Hallam Tennyson 2nd Baron Tennyson and Audrey Georgiana Florence Boyle Baroness Tennyson, and had issue.
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Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 13th July 1909 Chandos Temple-Gore-Langton 6th Earl Temple of Stowe was born to Captain Chandos Graham Temple-Gore-Langton (age 35).
On 13th July 1913 John Christopher Lister Lister-Kaye 7th Baronet was born to Lister Lister-Kaye 6th Baronet (age 39).
On 13th July 1923 Charles Oliver Edward Fitzroy was born to Charles Alfred Euston Fitzroy 10th Duke Grafton (age 31) and Doreen Buxton Duchess Grafton (age 25).
On 13th July 1927 Peter Waldo Somerset Gough-Calthorpe 10th Baron Calthorpe was born to Frederick Somerset Gough-Calthorpe (age 35) and Rose Mary Dorothy Vernon-Harcourt (age 27).
On 13th July 1943 Timothy Byng 11th Viscount Torrington was born to George Byng (age 25).
On 13th July 1671 Vere Fane 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 26) and Rachel Bence Countess of Westmoreland were married. He the son of Mildmay Fane 2nd Earl of Westmoreland and Mary Vere Countess of Westmoreland.
On 13th July 1683 James Cecil 4th Earl Salisbury (age 17) and Frances Bennett Countess of Salisbury (age 12) were married. She by marriage Countess Salisbury. Her father had left his daughters £20,000 in his will, subject to their not marrying before the age of sixteen or without the consent of those he named, with the proviso that the legacy of a daughter doing so was to be reduced to £10,000. Frances Bennett married Salisbury before she was sixteen, but with the consent of the Executors to the will, and this later led to litigation. He the son of James Cecil 3rd Earl Salisbury and Margaret Manners Countess of Salisbury.
On 13th July 1784 Bishop George Henry Law (age 22) and Jane Adeane were married.
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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
Describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 13th July 1795 or 30th July 1795 Charles Abbott 1st Baron Tenterden (age 32) and Mary Lamotte were married.
On 13th July 1795 Arthur Hill-Trevor 2nd Viscount Dungannon (age 31) and Charlotte Fitzroy Viscountess Dungannon (age 28) were married at her father's house on Stanhope Street. She by marriage Viscountess Dungannon.
On 13th July 1831 George Nugent 2nd Baronet (age 28) and Maria Charlotte Ridley-Colborne Lady Nugent were married.
On 13th July 1836 Henry Cadogan 4th Earl Cadogan (age 24) and Mary Sarah Wellesley Countess Cadogan (age 27) were married at Durham Cathedral [Map]. He the son of George Cadogan 3rd Earl Cadogan (age 53). They were first cousins.
On 13th July 1841 William Edmonstone 4th Baronet (age 31) and Mary Elizabeth Parsons (age 18) were married at Zakynthos, Greece. They had eleven children of which nine survived to adulthood.
On 13th July 1849 William Edward Fox (age 38) and Emma Green Lady Molyneux (age 34) were married.
On 15th June 923 Robert I King West Francia (age 57) died. On 13th July 923 his son-in-law Rudolph aka Raoul I King West Francia (age 33) was elected I King West Francia.
On 13th July 1205 Archbishop Hubert Walter (age 45) died.
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Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 13th July 1374 John Charleton 3rd Baron Cherleton (age 38) died. His son John (age 12) succeeded 4th Baron Cherleton.
On 13th July 1389 Roger Clifford 5th Baron Clifford (age 56) died at Brougham Castle [Map]. His son Thomas (age 26) succeeded 6th Baron de Clifford. Elizabeth Ros Baroness Clifford by marriage Baroness de Clifford.
On 13th July 1389 Elizabeth Despencer Baroness Berkeley (age 64) died.
On 13th July 1417 Thomas Berkeley 10th and 5th Baron Berkeley, Baron Lisle (age 65) died. His daughter Elizabeth (age 31) succeeded 4th Baroness Lisle of Kingston Lisle in Oxfordshire. Baron Berkeley extinct. His nephew James (age 23) succeeded 11th Baron Berkeley Feudal,
On 13th July 1499 Christopher Willoughby 10th Baron Willoughby (age 46) died at Campsey, Suffolk. He was buried at Campsey Nunnery, Campsey. His son William (age 17) succeeded 11th Baron Willoughby de Eresby.
On 9th June 1511 William Courtenay 1st Earl Devon (age 36) died of pleurisy. His son Henry (age 15) succeeded 2nd Earl Devon. His widow Catherine York Countess Devon (age 31) subsequently took a vow of celibacy in the presence of Bishop Richard Fitzjames on 13th July 1511.
On 13th July 1585 Edmund Cornwall 10th Baron Burford (age 50) died unmarried. His brother Thomas (age 47) succeeded 11th Baron Burford of Burford in Shropshire. Katherine Harley Baroness Cornwall (age 46) by marriage Baroness Burford of Burford in Shropshire.
On 13th July 1626 Robert Sidney 1st Earl of Leicester (age 62) died. His son Robert (age 30) succeeded 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Viscount Lisle. Dorothy Percy Countess Leicester (age 28) by marriage Countess of Leicester.
On 13th July 1663 Thomas Myddelton 1st Baronet (age 38) died. His son Thomas (age 12) succeeded 2nd Baronet Myddelton of Chirk Castle.
On 13th July 1673 Robert Long 1st Baronet (age 73) died unmarried. His nephew James (age 56) succeeded 2nd Baronet Long of Westminster in London.
On 13th July 1683 Arthur Capell 1st Earl Essex (age 51) committed suicide at the Tower of London [Map]. He was buried at St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London [Map]. He was said to have been discovered in his chamber with his throat cut whilst awaiting execution for treason. His son Algernon (age 12) succeeded 2nd Earl Essex, 3rd Baron Capell Hadham.
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Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 13th July 1721 William Villiers 2nd Earl Jersey (age 39) died. His son William (age 14) succeeded 3rd Earl Jersey, 3rd Viscount Villiers, 3rd Baron Villiers.
On 13th July 1737 Wilfrid Lawson 3rd Baronet (age 40) died. His son Wilfrid (age 5) succeeded 4th Baronet Lawson of Isel Hall in Cumbria.
On 13th July 1801 William Barrington 3rd Viscount Barrington (age 40) died. His brother Richard (age 40) succeeded 4th Viscount Barrington of Ardglass in County Down.
On 13th July 1807 Cardinal Henry Benedict Stewart (age 82) died.
On 13th July 1807 Anne Warren Baroness Southampton (age 69) died.
On 13th July 1831 James Northcote (age 84) died.
On 13th July 1836 Henry Agar 2nd Viscount Clifden (age 75) died in Hanover Square. His grandson Henry (age 11) succeeded 3rd Viscount Clifden of Gowran in County Kilkenny, 3rd Baron Mendip of Mendip in Somerset.
On 13th July 1837 William Hare 1st Earl Listowel (age 85) died. His grandson William (age 35) succeeded 2nd Earl Listowel in County Kerry. Maria Augusta Windham Countess Listowel (age 32) by marriage Countess Listowel in County Kerry.
On 13th July 1842 Robert Wilmot 3rd Baronet (age 77) died. His son Henry (age 41) succeeded 4th Baronet Wilmot of Chaddesden in Derbyshire.
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 13th July 1850 William Orde-Powlett 2nd Baron Bolton (age 67) died. His nephew William (age 32) succeeded 3rd Baron Bolton of Bolton in Yorkshire.
On 13th July 1869 Henry Labouchere 1st Baron Taunton (age 70) died at Belgrave Square, Belgravia. He was buried at Over Stowey, Somerset. Baron Taunton extinct.
On 13th July 1898 Arthur Chichester 8th Baronet (age 75) died. His son Edward (age 48) succeeded 9th Baronet Chichester of Raleigh in Devon.
On 13th July 1908 Matthew Wood 4th Baronet (age 50) died without issue. His brother John (age 48) succeeded 5th Baronet Wood of Hatherley House in Gloucestershire.
On 13th July 1914 Francis Egerton 3rd Earl Ellesmere (age 67) died. His son John (age 41) succeeded 4th Earl Ellesmere. Violet Lambton Countess Ellesmere (age 34) by marriage Countess Ellesmere.
On 13th July 1965 George Wentworth Warwick Bampfylde 4th Baron Poltimore (age 83) died. He was buried at Benwell, Southern Rhodesia, Africa. A memorial stone bench exists in the Bampfylde Memorial Garden created for his son in the churchyard of All Saints' Church, North Molton, next to Court House, his manor house, to which is affixed a tablet inscribed: "In loving memory of George Wentworth Warwick Bampfylde the 4th Baron Poltimore 1882–1965 and his wife Cynthia Rachael 1885–1961 who were laid to rest at Benwell Southern Rhodesia". His brother Arthur (age 82) succeeded 5th Baron Politmore, 10th Baronet Bampfylde of Poltimore in Devon.
On 13th July 1966 Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera (age 82) died at El Botánico.
On 13th July 1974 Francis Knowles 6th Baronet (age 59) died. His son Charles (age 22) succeeded 7th Baronet Knowles of Lovell Hill.
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Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 13th July 2006 John Lyttelton 11th Viscount Cobham (age 63) died in Spain. His brother Christopher (age 58) succeeded 12th Viscount Cobham, 9th Baron Lyttelton of Frankley in Worcestershire, 9th Baron Westcote, 15th Baronet Lyttelton of Frankley.
On 13th July 2013 George Charles Henry Victor Paget 7th Marquess Anglesey (age 90) died. His son Charles (age 62) succeeded 8th Marquess Anglesey, 9th Earl Uxbridge, 17th Baron Paget Beaudasert, 11th Baronet Bayly of Plas Newydd in Anglesey.